Python基础-main
Python基础-_main_
写在前面
如非特别说明,下文均基于
Python3
一、__main__的官方解释
参考 _main_ -- Top-level script environment
'_main_' is the name of the scope in which top-level code executes. A module’s _name_ is set equal to '_main_' when read from standard input, a script, or from an interactive prompt.
A module can discover whether or not it is running in the main scope by checking its own _name_, which allows a common idiom for conditionally executing code in a module when it is run as a script or with python -m but not when it is imported:
if __name__ == "__main__": # execute only if run as a script main()
For a package, the same effect can be achieved by including a _main_.py module, the contents of which will be executed when the module is run with -m.
__main__
是顶层代码执行环境的名字。当一个模块从标准输入,脚本或者解释器提示行中被读取时,模块的__name__
属性被设置成__main__
。
模块可以依据检查__name__
属性是否为__main__
的方式自我发现是否在main scope
中,这允许了一种在模块中条件执行代码的常见用法,当模块作为脚本或者使用python -m
命令运行时执行,而被导入时不执行:
if __name__ == "__main__": # 当且仅当模块作为脚本运行时执行main函数 main()
对于包而言,可以在包中包含一个名为__main__.py
的模块到达相同的效果,当模块使用python -m
命令运行时,__main__py
模块的内容会被执行。
二、__main__实践
第一节中说过,当模块从标准输入,脚本或者解释器命令行中被读取时,其__name__
属性被设置为__main__
,导入时值为模块名字。那么就可以根据这两种不同情况执行不同的代码。
Make a script both importable and executable
让脚本即可执行又可被导入,是对__main__
这一特性最好的诠释:
def test(): print('This is test method in com.richard.other') def main(): test() if __name__ == '__main__': print('直接运行时,__name__属性:', __name__) main() else: # 导入时被执行 print('导入时,__name__属性:', __name__)
直接运行时,输出:
直接运行时,__name__属性: __main__ This is test method in com.richard.other
导入时,输出:
>>> import com.richard.other.test as ctest 导入时,__name__属性: com.richard.other.test >>>
这样,可以在if __name__ == '__main__':
的判断下加入对这个模块的测试代码,就可以在不影响外部模块引用该模块的条件下,调试我们的模块了。
NOTICE: 示例在python 3+
解释器中成功运行,的模块名为test.py
,其包结构如下:
目录sublime
已加入python
解释器sys.path
变量中。
For a package, the same effect can be achieved by including a _main_.py module, the contents of which will be executed when the module is run with -m.