EJS学习(三)之语法规则中
⚠️实例均结合node,也就是AMD规范版本
ejs中使用render()表示渲染文本
接收三个参数:模版字符串、data、options,返回一个字符串
const ejs = require('ejs'); ejs.delimiter = '$'; var html = ejs.render(` <$ for(var i=0; i<num; i++ ) { -$> <h2><$= user.name $> </h2><h2><$= user.age $></h2> <$ } -$>` ,{ user:{ name:"wangkun", age:22, }, num:2 },{rmWhitespace:true}); console.log(html); // 输出: <h2>wangkun </h2><h2>22</h2> <h2>wangkun </h2><h2>22</h2>
ejs中使用renderFile()表示渲染文件
接收四个参数:模版字符串、data、options、callback,没有返回值
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile("./work/lesson12/view/1.ejs",{name:'wangkun'},function(err,data){ // err是错误,data是渲染完的数据
if(err){
console.log("出错了");
}else{
console.log(data);
}
});
ejs中使用<% %>输出脚本
实例一:ejs中的for循环
// 3.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<% for(var i=0; i<json.arr.length; i++) {%>
<div>
用户名:<%= json.arr[i].user %>
年龄:<%= json.arr[i].age %>
</div>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
// 3.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/3.ejs',{
json:{
arr:[
{user:"pear",age:"12"},
{user:"apple",age:"13"},
{user:"banana",age:"14"},
{user:"orange",age:"15"}
]
}
},function(err,data){
console.log(data);
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
用户名:pear
年龄:12
</div>
<div>
用户名:apple
年龄:13
</div>
<div>
用户名:banana
年龄:14
</div>
<div>
用户名:orange
年龄:15
</div>
</body>
</html>
⚠️ 所有使用 <% %> 括起来的内容都会被编译成 Javascript,你可以在模版文件中像写 js 一样 Coding,也允许你声明变量,作用域就是当前模版,因为一个模版会被编译成一个 Javascript 函数
ejs中使用<%= %>转义输出
实例一:
// 1.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
我的名字:<%= name %> // 表示赋值
<%= 12+5 %>
<%= 'asdfasdf' %>
</body>
</html>
// ejs1.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile("./work/lesson12/view/1.ejs",{name:'wangkun'},function(err,data){ // err是错误,data是渲染完的数据
if(err){
console.log("出错了");
}else{
console.log(data);
}
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
我的名字:wangkun
17
asdfasdf
</body>
</html>
实例二:
// 2.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<%= json.arr[0].user %>
<%= json.arr[0].age %>
<%= json.arr[2].user %>
<%= json.arr[2].age %>
</div>
</body>
</html>
// 2.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/2.ejs',{
json:{
arr:[
{user:"pear",age:"12"},
{user:"apple",age:"13"},
{user:"banana",age:"14"},
{user:"orange",age:"15"}
]
}
},function(err,data){
console.log(data);
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
pear
12
banana
14
</div>
</body>
</html>
实例三:
// 4.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
var str = "<div></div>"
%>
<%= str %>
</body>
</html>
// 4.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/4.ejs',{},function(err,data){
console.log(data);
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div></div> // ❗️发现是转义的
</body>
</html>
ejs中使用<%- %>非转义输出
// 4.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
var str = "<div></div>"
%>
<%- str %>
</body>
</html>
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div></div>
</body>
</html>
ejs中使用<%% %>输出模版字符串
// 7.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%% if(user.name) { %>
<%%= user.name %>
<%% } %>
</body>
</html>
// 7.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/7.ejs',{
user:{
name:"wangkun",
age:22
}
},(err,data)=>{
if(err) {
console.error(err);
}else {
console.log(data);
}
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<% if(user.name) { %>
<%= user.name %>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
ejs中使用<%_ _%>删除标签前后的空格
情况一:<%_ 和 _%>一起使用
// 9.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%_ if(user.name) { _%>
<h2><%= user.name _%></h2>
<%_ }else{ _%>
<h2><%= user.age _%></h2>
<%_ } _%>
</body>
</html>
// 9.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/9.ejs',{
user:{
name:"wangkun",
age:22
}
},(err,data)=>{
if(err) {
console.error(err);
}else {
console.log(data);
}
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>wangkun</h2> // 注意标签前后没有空格
</body>
</html>
// 不使用<%_ _%>输出:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body>
<h2>wangkun</h2> // 注意标签有空格
</body> </html>
情况二:单独使用<%_
// 9.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%_ if(user.name) { %>
<h2><%= user.name %></h2>
<%_ }else{ %>
<h2><%= user.age %></h2>
<%_ } %>
</body>
</html>
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>wangkun</h2> // 注意标签前后空格没有被删除
</body>
</html>
情况三:单独使用_%>
// 9.ejs内容;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<% if(user.name) { _%>
<h2><%= user.name _%></h2>
<% }else{ _%>
<h2><%= user.age _%></h2>
<% } _%>
</body>
</html>
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>wangkun</h2> // 标签前后没有空格,但是样式乱了
</body>
</html>
综合以上三种情况,强烈推荐<%_和_%>一起使用,可以有效删除标签前后空格并且样式不会乱☺️
ejs中使用<% -%>删除换行符
情况一:
// 10.ejs内容; <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <% for(var i=0; i<num; i++ ) { -%> <h2><%= user.name %></h2> <h2><%= user.age %></h2> <% } -%> </body> </html> // 输出 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <h2>wangkun</h2> <h2>22</h2> <h2>wangkun</h2> // 虽然标签前后空格删除了,但样式乱掉了 <h2>22</h2> </body> </html>
// 不使用-%>输出
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body>
<h2>wangkun</h2> <h2>22</h2>
<h2>wangkun</h2> // 标签前后有空格 <h2>22</h2>
</body> </html>
情况二:传配置参数rmWhitespace,这样格式就不会乱掉
// 10.ejs内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/10.ejs',{
user:{
name:"wangkun",
age:22,
},
num:2
},{rmWhitespace:true},(err,data)=>{
if(err) {
console.error(err);
}else {
console.log(data);
}
});
// 输出
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>wangkun</h2>
<h2>22</h2>
<h2>wangkun</h2>
<h2>22</h2>
</body>
</html>
ejs中使用<%# %>进行注释没有任何输出
// 8.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%# if(user.name) { %>
<%= user.name %>
<%# } %>
</body>
</html>
// 8.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/8.ejs',{
user:{
name:"wangkun",
age:22
}
},(err,data)=>{
if(err) {
console.error(err);
}else {
console.log(data);
}
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
wangkun
</body>
</html>
ejs中使用include引入内容
通过 include
指令将相对于模板路径中的模板片段包含进来。(需要提供 'filename' 参数。) 例如,如果存在 "./views/users.ejs" 和 "./views/user/show.ejs" 两个模板文件,你可以通过 <%-
include('user/show'); %>
代码包含后者。你可能需要能够输出原始内容的标签 (<%-
) 用于 include 指令,避免对输出的 HTML 代码做转义处理。
<ul>
<% users.forEach(function(user){ %>
<%- include('user/show', {user: user}); %>
<% }); %>
</ul>
情况一:基础,引入文本文件
// 5.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<% include a.txt %>
</body>
</html>
// a.txt内容:
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
// 5.js内容:
const ejs = require('ejs');
ejs.renderFile('./work/lesson14/view/5.ejs',{},function(err,data){
console.log(data);
});
// 输出:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
</body>
</html>
情况二:配合循环一起使用
// 6.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<% for(var i=0; i<5; i++) { %>
<% include a.txt %>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
// 输出
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
jidhhdka
kidutyui
iiiiisnhakjdhgagd
</body>
</html>
情况三:引入css文件
// 7.ejs内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 通过type判断引入谁 -->
<% if(type == 'admin') { %>
<% include admin.css %>
<% }else {%>
<% include user.css %>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
// admin.css内容:
div{
width: 800px;
}
// user.css内容:
div{
width: 800px;
}
注意:
1、include因为不是js中的语法,所以要单独占据一行
2、include后面不能是变量
3、Include 可以引用相对路径的模版文件,例如有 html/index.html 和 html/_block/head.html这两个文件, 你就可以在 index.html 这么用 <% include _block/head.html %>。
4、如果我们引入的是一个文本那么可以使用<% %>,但是如果是ejs或html为了防止将引入的html转义,我们要使用<%- %>