Django-website 程序案例系列-4 ORM数据库操作

数据库表的创建:

使用mysql时注意,在setting.py中的设置:

 

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', #mysql的引擎
'NAME': '', #数据库名
'USER': '', #数据库用户名
'PASSWORD': '', #数据库密码
'HOST': '127.0.0.1', #数据库host
'PORT': '3306', #数据库端口
},
}

 

还需在项目文件夹下的__init__.py中添加mysql的驱动:

#django默认使用MySQLdb模块连接mysql
#需要主动修改为pymysql
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

 

models.py # 在这个文件中创建类

from django.db import models

# 生成的表名为day1_userinfo
class UserInfo(models.Model): #创建的类必须继承models.Model
# id列,自增,主键 不用用户创建 django会自己给你创建一个
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

在命令符界面执行:
python manage.py makemigrations #生成临时文件在migrations文件夹中
python manage.py migrate     #在数据库中生成表

生成了django自带的很多张表

 数据库表基本操作:

 

def orm(request):
#插入数据
#方式1:
models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123',)
#方式2
obj = models.UserInfo(username='zhangjian', password='123')
obj.save()
#方式3
dic ={'username': 'hapi', 'password': '1123'}
models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
#查询数据
#查询表出来的是一个django表对象是以列表QuerySet对象
# QuerySet对象就相当于是一个列表,如下:
# <QuerySet [<UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>]>
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all() #查询所有
result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root',password='123') #条件查询
for row in result: #对表进行循环取出值
print(row.id, row.username, row.password)
#删除操作
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root').delete() #删除用户名为root的
#更新操作
models.UserInfo.objects.all().update(password=666)#所有用户密码改成666

return HttpResponse('orm')

页面操作数据库增删改查:

url路由配置:
url(r'^index/', views.index),
url(r'^user_info/', views.user_info),
url(r'^userdetail-(?P<uid>\d+)/', views.userdetail),
url(r'^userdel-(?P<uid>\d+)/', views.userdel),
url(r'^usered-(?P<uid>\d+)/', views.usered),
index.html页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<style>
    body{
        margin: 0;
    }
    .menu{
        display: block;
        padding: 5px;
    }
</style>
<body>

    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
        <h3>111111111111111</h3>
    </div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
            <a class="menu" href="/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto;">

        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

    py代码:

def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')

    查询用户页面user_info.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<style>
    body{
        margin: 0;
    }
    .menu{
        display: block;
        padding: 5px;
    }
</style>
<body>

    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
        <h3>111111111111111</h3>
    </div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
            <a class="menu" href="/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto;">
            <h3>添加用户</h3>
            <form action="/user_info/"  method='POST'>
                <input type="text" name="user"/>
                <input type="text" name="pwd" />
                <input type="submit" name="添加"/>
            </form>
                <h3>用户列表</h3>
            <ul>
                {% for row in user_list %}
                <li>
                    <a href="/userdetail-{{ row.id }}/">{{ row.username }}</a> |
                    <a href="/userdel-{{ row.id }}/">删除</a> |
                    <a href="/usered-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>
                </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>  

   用户详情页面userdetail.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<style>
    body{
        margin: 0;
    }
    .menu{
        display: block;
        padding: 5px;
    }
</style>
<body>

    <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
        <h3>111111111111111</h3>
    </div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
            <a class="menu" href="/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto;">
            <h1>用户详细信息</h1>
            <h5>{{ obj.id }}</h5>
            <h5>{{ obj.username }}</h5>
            <h5>{{ obj.password }}</h5>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

   py代码:

def user_info(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
        print(user_list.query) #查看原生的sql语句
    elif request.method == "POST":
        u = request.POST.get('user')
        p = request.POST.get('pwd')
        models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u, password=p)
        return redirect('/user_info/')
    return render(request, 'userinfo.html', {"user_list": user_list})
def userdetail(request, uid):
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).first() #取id=uid的用户
return render(request, 'user_detail.html', {"obj": obj})

删除用户py代码:

def userdel(request, uid):
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).delete()
    return redirect('/user_info/')

修改用户py代码:

def usered(request, uid):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
        return render(request, 'usered.html', {"obj": obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        u = request.POST.get("username")
        p = request.POST.get("password")
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).update(username=u, password=p)
        return redirect('/user_info/')

 

业务线和主机列表案列:

model.py

class Host(models.Model):
    hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32, db_index=True)
    ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True,protocol="ipv4")
    port = models.IntegerField()
    b = models.ForeignKey('Business', to_field='id')


class Business(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    code = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)

  

views.py

def business(request):
    v1 = models.Business.objects.all() #取出来的是queryset对象
    v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values('id', 'caption')  # 取出来的是一个字典方式 如果出现values()都是字典的方式
    v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list('id', 'caption') # 取出来是一个元组方式 如果出现values()都是元组的方式
    return render(request, 'business.html', {'v1': v1, 'v2': v2, 'v3': v3})

  

business.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>业务线列表(对象)</h1>
    <ul>
        {% for row in v1 %}
            <li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }} - {{ row.code }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <ul>
    <h1>业务线列表(字典)</h1>
        {% for row in v2 %}
            <li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <ul>
    <h1>业务线列表(元组)</h1>
        {% for row in v3 %}
            <li>{{ row.0 }} - {{ row.1 }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

  

结果:

 urls.py

    url(r'^business$', views.business),
    url(r'^host$', views.host),

  

views.py

def host(request):
    v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(id__gt=0)
    return render(request, 'host.html', {'v1': v1})

  

host.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>主机信息</h1>
    <table border="1">
        <thead>
            <tr>
          <th>序号</th> <th>主机名</th> <th>IP</th> <th>端口</th> <th>业务线ID</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v1 %} <tr host-id="{{ row.id }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> #可以给tr增加属性 来传主机ID 和 Business表的 b_id {# <td>{{ row.id }}</td>#} #一般不显示主机ID
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> #自动产生序号 还有 forloop.counter0 <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td> <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> <td>{{ row.port }}</td> <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td> #跨表操作Business表的id <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> #跨表操作Business表的caption </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>

  

结果:

 

 

 

 

 




posted @ 2017-11-17 18:07  划得戳  阅读(295)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报