Java多线程同步机制之同步块(方法)——synchronized

在多线程访问的时候,同一时刻只能有一个线程能够用 synchronized 修饰的方法或者代码块,解决了资源共享。下面代码示意三个窗口购5张火车票:

 1 package com.jikexueyuan.thread;
 2 /*
 3  * 未使用synchronized,存在并发
 4  */
 5 class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{
 6     private int tickets = 5;
 7     @Override
 8     public void run() {
 9         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
10             try {
11                 Thread.sleep(500);
12             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
13                 e.printStackTrace();
14             }
15                 if (tickets>0) {
16                     System.out.println("车票: "+tickets--);
17             }
18         }
19         
20     }
21 }
22 
23 public class ThreadTest {
24 
25     public static void main(String[] args) {
26         RunnableDemo r = new RunnableDemo();
27         Thread t1 = new Thread(r);
28         Thread t2 = new Thread(r);
29         Thread t3 = new Thread(r);
30         t1.start();
31         t2.start();
32         t3.start();
33     }
34 
35 }

其中一次的运行结果:

车票: 5
车票: 4
车票: 3
车票: 2
车票: 1
车票: 2

使用synchronized同步块后:

 1 package com.jikexueyuan.thread;
 2 /*
 3  * 使用synchronized块
 4  */
 5 class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{
 6     private int tickets = 5;
 7     @Override
 8     public void run() {
 9         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
10             try {
11                 Thread.sleep(500);
12             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
13                 e.printStackTrace();
14             }
15             synchronized (this) {
16                 if (tickets>0) {
17                     System.out.println("车票: "+tickets--);
18                 }
19             }
20         }
21     }
22 }
23 
24 public class ThreadTest {
25 
26     public static void main(String[] args) {
27         RunnableDemo r = new RunnableDemo();
28         Thread t1 = new Thread(r);
29         Thread t2 = new Thread(r);
30         Thread t3 = new Thread(r);
31         t1.start();
32         t2.start();
33         t3.start();
34     }
35 
36 }

使用synchronized同步方法:

 1 package com.jikexueyuan.thread;
 2 /*
 3  * 使用synchronized同步方法
 4  */
 5 class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{
 6     private int tickets = 5;
 7     @Override
 8     public void run() {
 9         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
10             show();
11         }
12     }
13     public synchronized void show() {
14         if (tickets>0) {
15             System.out.println("车票: "+tickets--);
16         }
17     }
18 }
19 
20 public class ThreadTest {
21 
22     public static void main(String[] args) {
23         RunnableDemo r = new RunnableDemo();
24         Thread t1 = new Thread(r);
25         Thread t2 = new Thread(r);
26         Thread t3 = new Thread(r);
27         t1.start();
28         t2.start();
29         t3.start();
30     }
31 
32 }

无论使用synchronized同步块还是同步方法,运行结果均为合理结果:

车票: 5
车票: 4
车票: 3
车票: 2
车票: 1

思考:volatile是另一种同步机制,是否可以呢?参考链接文章:Java理论与实践:正确使用Volatile变量 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-jtp06197.html

posted @ 2017-01-11 16:31  易小川  阅读(311)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报