Unity C#代码入门

Unity C#代码入门

1. 脚本基本结构

1.1 unity生成的模板

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        //设置初始值，相当于构造函数
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //不停循环执行的代码
    }
}

1.2 常用的注解属性

[SerializeField] 
float moveSpeed = 8;


Debug.Log("Celling");//控制台输出

other.gameObject.tag == "Celling"//获得tag

csharp如果不标明类别, 默认pravite

加上SerializeField, 能让pravite的变量, 在unity右侧直接调节

Time.deltaTime

不同的机器, 游戏帧数不同, Time.deltaTime可以让机器用相同的帧数执行

1.3 常见的类

类名	解释
Text	得到UI的text(需要导入using UnityEngine.UI;)
Animator	动画
SpriteRenderer	渲染器(改变物体的外观?)
GameObject	获取游戏内物体

2. 源码解析

public class Player : MonoBehaviour
{
    //类名必须一致
    
}

2.1 初始值定义

 void Start()
    {
        
        HP = 10;
        score = 0;
        scoreTime = 0f;
        anim = GetComponent<Animator>();
        render = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
        deathSound = GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        
    }

GetComponent();获得的是当前类的组件AudioSource, 由于获取的是类的引用, 因此可以改变类的属性.

2.2 循环执行函数

void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow))
        {
            transform.Translate(moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0, 0);
            render.flipX = false;
            anim.SetBool("run", true);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
        {
            transform.Translate(-moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0, 0);
            render.flipX = true;
            anim.SetBool("run", true);

        }
        else
        {
            anim.SetBool("run", false);
        }

        UpdateScore();
    }

2.2.1 键盘监听函数

Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow) //输入的是右边箭头

2.2.2 变换属性 transform

​ transform.Translate(moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0, 0);

将向x轴移动一定的距离

其实就是右侧的这些属性, 因此Rotation旋转, Scale缩放都能调整

render.flipX = false;

GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().flipX = false;

同理:

 anim.SetBool("run", true);

GetComponent<Animator>().SetBool("run", true);

动画也是如此

当然动画要复杂些

2.3 碰撞函数

void OnCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D other)
    {
        if (other.gameObject.tag == "Normal")
        {
            if (other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, 1f))
            {
                currentFloor = other.gameObject;
                ModifyHp(1);
                other.gameObject.GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
                Debug.Log("floor1");
            }

        }
        else if (other.gameObject.tag == "Nails")
        {
            if (other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, 1f))
            {
                currentFloor = other.gameObject;
                ModifyHp(-2);
                Debug.Log("floor2");
                anim.SetTrigger("hurt");
                other.gameObject.GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
            }
        }
        else if (other.gameObject.tag == "Celling")
        {
            if (other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, -1f))
            {

                currentFloor.GetComponent<BoxCollider2D>().enabled = false;
                ModifyHp(-2);
                Debug.Log("Celling");
                anim.SetTrigger("hurt");
                other.gameObject.GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
            }
        }

    }

所谓碰撞就是, 遇到other这个物体会和它发生物理效果, 而不是穿过

2.3.1 碰撞检测精确到边

other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, 1f)  
//normal就是法向量

2.4 穿过函数

void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other)
{
    if (other.gameObject.tag == "DeadLine")
    {
        ModifyHp(-12);
        Die();
    }
}

2.5 操作子组件

void UpdateHpBar()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < HpBar.transform.childCount; i++)
    {
        if (HP > i)
        {
            HpBar.transform.GetChild(i).gameObject.SetActive(true);
        }
        else
        {
            HpBar.transform.GetChild(i).gameObject.SetActive(false);

        }
    }
}

主要是对gameObject的操作

3. 常用函数

3.1 结束游戏

void Die()
{
    deathSound.Play();
    Time.timeScale = 0f;  //时间静止
    btnReplay.SetActive(true);
}

3.2 重启游戏

//需要使用以下命名空间
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public void Replay()
{
    Time.timeScale = 1;
    /*重新加载场景*/
    SceneManager.LoadScene("SampleScene");
}

3.3 销毁物体

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Floor : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] float moveSpeed = 1f;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        transform.Translate(0,moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime,0);
        if(transform.position.y>=4.7f)
        {
            Destroy(gameObject);
            transform.parent.GetComponent<FloorManager>().SpwanFloor();
        }

    }
}

3.4 生成新的物体

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class FloorManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] GameObject[] floorPerfabs;
    public void SpwanFloor()
    {
        int r = Random.Range(0,2);
        GameObject floor = Instantiate(floorPerfabs[r],transform);
        floor.transform.position = new Vector3(Random.Range(-3.8f,3.8f),-5,0);
    }
}