Java高并发专题之24、ThreadLocal、InheritableThreadLocal
本文内容
- 需要解决的问题
- 介绍ThreadLocal
- 介绍InheritableThreadLocal
需要解决的问题
我们还是以解决问题的方式来引出
ThreadLocal
、InheritableThreadLocal
,这样印象会深刻一些。
目前java开发web系统一般有3层,controller、service、dao,请求到达controller,controller调用service,service调用dao,然后进行处理。
我们写一个简单的例子,有3个方法分别模拟controller、service、dao。代码如下:
package com.itsoku.chat24;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018
*/
public class Demo1 {
static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);
//创建处理请求的线程池子
static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,
3,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(),
r -> {
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement());
return thread;
});
//记录日志
public static void log(String msg) {
StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace();
System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ",[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg);
}
//模拟controller
public static void controller(List<String> dataList) {
log("接受请求");
service(dataList);
}
//模拟service
public static void service(List<String> dataList) {
log("执行业务");
dao(dataList);
}
//模拟dao
public static void dao(List<String> dataList) {
log("执行数据库操作");
//模拟插入数据
for (String s : dataList) {
log("插入数据" + s + "成功");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//需要插入的数据
List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
dataList.add("数据" + i);
}
//模拟5个请求
int requestCount = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) {
disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> {
controller(dataList);
});
}
disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown();
}
}
运行结果:
****1565338891286,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求
****1565338891286,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求
****1565338891287,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.controller(Demo1.java:36):接受请求
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565338891288,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.service(Demo1.java:42):执行业务
****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565338891289,[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo1.dao(Demo1.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
代码中调用controller、service、dao 3个方法时,来模拟处理一个请求。main方法中循环了5次模拟发起5次请求,然后交给线程池去处理请求,dao中模拟循环插入传入的dataList数据。
问题来了:开发者想看一下哪些地方耗时比较多,想通过日志来分析耗时情况,想追踪某个请求的完整日志,怎么搞?
上面的请求采用线程池的方式处理的,多个请求可能会被一个线程处理,通过日志很难看出那些日志是同一个请求,我们能不能给请求加一个唯一标志,日志中输出这个唯一标志,当然可以。
如果我们的代码就只有上面示例这么简单,我想还是很容易的,上面就3个方法,给每个方法加个traceId参数,log方法也加个traceId参数,就解决了,代码如下:
package com.itsoku.chat24;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018
*/
public class Demo2 {
static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);
//创建处理请求的线程池子
static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,
3,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(),
r -> {
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement());
return thread;
});
//记录日志
public static void log(String msg, String traceId) {
StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace();
System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg);
}
//模拟controller
public static void controller(List<String> dataList, String traceId) {
log("接受请求", traceId);
service(dataList, traceId);
}
//模拟service
public static void service(List<String> dataList, String traceId) {
log("执行业务", traceId);
dao(dataList, traceId);
}
//模拟dao
public static void dao(List<String> dataList, String traceId) {
log("执行数据库操作", traceId);
//模拟插入数据
for (String s : dataList) {
log("插入数据" + s + "成功", traceId);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//需要插入的数据
List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
dataList.add("数据" + i);
}
//模拟5个请求
int requestCount = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) {
String traceId = String.valueOf(i);
disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> {
controller(dataList, traceId);
});
}
disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown();
}
}
输出:
****1565339559773[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求
****1565339559773[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求
****1565339559773[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求
****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务
****1565339559774[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务
****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565339559774[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务
****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339559774[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339559774[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565339559774[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339559774[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求
****1565339559775[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务
****1565339559775[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565339559775[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339559775[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339559775[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339559775[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339559775[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.controller(Demo2.java:36):接受请求
****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.service(Demo2.java:42):执行业务
****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:48):执行数据库操作
****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339559776[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo2.dao(Demo2.java:51):插入数据数据2成功
上面我们通过修改代码的方式,把问题解决了,但前提是你们的系统都像上面这么简单,功能很少,需要改的代码很少,可以这么去改。但事与愿违,我们的系统一般功能都是比较多的,如果我们都一个个去改,岂不是要疯掉,改代码还涉及到重新测试,风险也不可控。那有什么好办法么?
ThreadLocal
还是拿上面的问题,我们来分析一下,每个请求都是由一个线程处理的,线程就相当于一个人一样,每个请求相当于一个任务,任务来了,人来处理,处理完毕之后,再处理下一个请求任务。人身上是不是有很多口袋,人刚开始准备处理任务的时候,我们把任务的编号放在处理者的口袋中,然后处理中一路携带者,处理过程中如果需要用到这个编号,直接从口袋中获取就可以了。那么刚好java中线程设计的时候也考虑到了这些问题,Thread对象中就有很多口袋,用来放东西。Thread类中有这么一个变量:
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
这个就是用来操作Thread中所有口袋的东西,ThreadLocalMap
源码中有一个数组(有兴趣的可以去看一下源码),对应处理者身上很多口袋一样,数组中的每个元素对应一个口袋。
如何来操作Thread中的这些口袋呢,java为我们提供了一个类ThreadLocal
,ThreadLocal对象用来操作Thread中的某一个口袋,可以向这个口袋中放东西、获取里面的东西、清除里面的东西,这个口袋一次性只能放一个东西,重复放东西会将里面已经存在的东西覆盖掉。
常用的3个方法:
//向Thread中某个口袋中放东西
public void set(T value);
//获取这个口袋中目前放的东西
public T get();
//清空这个口袋中放的东西
public void remove()
我们使用ThreadLocal来改造一下上面的代码,如下:
package com.itsoku.chat24;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018
*/
public class Demo3 {
//创建一个操作Thread中存放请求任务追踪id口袋的对象
static ThreadLocal<String> traceIdKD = new ThreadLocal<>();
static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);
//创建处理请求的线程池子
static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,
3,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(),
r -> {
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement());
return thread;
});
//记录日志
public static void log(String msg) {
StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace();
//获取当前线程存放tranceId口袋中的内容
String traceId = traceIdKD.get();
System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg);
}
//模拟controller
public static void controller(List<String> dataList) {
log("接受请求");
service(dataList);
}
//模拟service
public static void service(List<String> dataList) {
log("执行业务");
dao(dataList);
}
//模拟dao
public static void dao(List<String> dataList) {
log("执行数据库操作");
//模拟插入数据
for (String s : dataList) {
log("插入数据" + s + "成功");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//需要插入的数据
List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
dataList.add("数据" + i);
}
//模拟5个请求
int requestCount = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) {
String traceId = String.valueOf(i);
disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> {
//把traceId放入口袋中
traceIdKD.set(traceId);
try {
controller(dataList);
} finally {
//将tranceId从口袋中移除
traceIdKD.remove();
}
});
}
disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown();
}
}
输出:
****1565339644214[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求
****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求
****1565339644214[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求
****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务
****1565339644214[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务
****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作
****1565339644214[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务
****1565339644214[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339644214[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作
****1565339644214[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作
****1565339644215[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339644215[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339644215[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339644215[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339644215[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339644215[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339644215[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求
****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.controller(Demo3.java:41):接受请求
****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务
****1565339644215[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作
****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.service(Demo3.java:47):执行业务
****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:53):执行数据库操作
****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据0成功
****1565339644215[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功
****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据1成功
****1565339644215[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo3.dao(Demo3.java:56):插入数据数据2成功
可以看出输出和刚才使用traceId参数的方式结果一致,但是却简单了很多。不用去修改controller、service、dao代码了,风险也减少了很多。
代码中创建了一个ThreadLocal traceIdKD
,这个对象用来操作Thread中一个口袋,用这个口袋来存放tranceId。在main方法中通过traceIdKD.set(traceId)
方法将traceId放入口袋,log方法中通traceIdKD.get()
获取口袋中的traceId,最后任务处理完之后,main中的finally中调用traceIdKD.remove();
将口袋中的traceId清除。
ThreadLocal的官方API解释为:
“该类提供了线程局部 (thread-local) 变量。这些变量不同于它们的普通对应物,因为访问某个变量(通过其 get 或 set 方法)的每个线程都有自己的局部变量,它独立于变量的初始化副本。ThreadLocal 实例通常是类中的 private static 字段,它们希望将状态与某一个线程(例如,用户 ID 或事务 ID)相关联。”
InheritableThreadLocal
继续上面的实例,dao中循环处理dataList的内容,假如dataList处理比较耗时,我们想加快处理速度有什么办法么?大家已经想到了,用多线程并行处理dataList
,那么我们把代码改一下,如下:
package com.itsoku.chat24;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018
*/
public class Demo4 {
//创建一个操作Thread中存放请求任务追踪id口袋的对象
static ThreadLocal<String> traceIdKD = new ThreadLocal<>();
static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);
//创建处理请求的线程池子
static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,
3,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(),
r -> {
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement());
return thread;
});
//记录日志
public static void log(String msg) {
StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace();
//获取当前线程存放tranceId口袋中的内容
String traceId = traceIdKD.get();
System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg);
}
//模拟controller
public static void controller(List<String> dataList) {
log("接受请求");
service(dataList);
}
//模拟service
public static void service(List<String> dataList) {
log("执行业务");
dao(dataList);
}
//模拟dao
public static void dao(List<String> dataList) {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(dataList.size());
log("执行数据库操作");
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
//模拟插入数据
for (String s : dataList) {
new Thread(() -> {
try {
//模拟数据库操作耗时100毫秒
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
log("插入数据" + s + "成功,主线程:" + threadName);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}).start();
}
//等待上面的dataList处理完毕
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//需要插入的数据
List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
dataList.add("数据" + i);
}
//模拟5个请求
int requestCount = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) {
String traceId = String.valueOf(i);
disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> {
//把traceId放入口袋中
traceIdKD.set(traceId);
try {
controller(dataList);
} finally {
//将tranceId从口袋中移除
traceIdKD.remove();
}
});
}
disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown();
}
}
输出:
****1565339904279[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565339904279[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565339904279[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565339904279[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565339904279[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565339904279[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565339904279[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565339904279[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565339904279[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-5],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-4],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-6],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565339904281[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-9],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-8],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-10],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565339904282[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-7],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565339904282[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-11],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565339904282[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565339904282[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565339904283[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565339904283[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565339904283[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565339904283[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-12],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565339904283[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-13],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565339904283[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-14],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565339904284[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-15],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565339904284[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-17],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565339904284[traceId:null],[线程:Thread-16],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:62):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
看一下上面的输出,有些traceId为null,这是为什么呢?这是因为dao中为了提升处理速度,创建了子线程来并行处理,子线程调用log的时候,去自己的存放traceId的口袋中拿去东西,肯定是空的了。
那有什么办法么?可不可以这样?
父线程相当于主管,子线程相当于干活的小弟,主管让小弟们干活的时候,将自己兜里面的东西复制一份给小弟们使用,主管兜里面可能有很多牛逼的工具,为了提升小弟们的工作效率,给小弟们都复制一个,丢到小弟们的兜里,然后小弟就可以从自己的兜里拿去这些东西使用了,也可以清空自己兜里面的东西。
Thread
对象中有个inheritableThreadLocals
变量,代码如下:
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
inheritableThreadLocals相当于线程中另外一种兜,这种兜有什么特征呢,当创建子线程的时候,子线程会将父线程这种类型兜的东西全部复制一份放到自己的inheritableThreadLocals
兜中,使用InheritableThreadLocal
对象可以操作线程中的inheritableThreadLocals
兜。
InheritableThreadLocal
常用的方法也有3个:
//向Thread中某个口袋中放东西
public void set(T value);
//获取这个口袋中目前放的东西
public T get();
//清空这个口袋中放的东西
public void remove()
使用InheritableThreadLocal
解决上面子线程中无法输出traceId的问题,只需要将上一个示例代码中的ThreadLocal
替换成InheritableThreadLocal
即可,代码如下:
package com.itsoku.chat24;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 跟着阿里p7学并发,微信公众号:javacode2018
*/
public class Demo4 {
//创建一个操作Thread中存放请求任务追踪id口袋的对象,子线程可以继承父线程中内容
static InheritableThreadLocal<String> traceIdKD = new InheritableThreadLocal<>();
static AtomicInteger threadIndex = new AtomicInteger(1);
//创建处理请求的线程池子
static ThreadPoolExecutor disposeRequestExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,
3,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(),
r -> {
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setName("disposeRequestThread-" + threadIndex.getAndIncrement());
return thread;
});
//记录日志
public static void log(String msg) {
StackTraceElement stack[] = (new Throwable()).getStackTrace();
//获取当前线程存放tranceId口袋中的内容
String traceId = traceIdKD.get();
System.out.println("****" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "[traceId:" + traceId + "],[线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]," + stack[1] + ":" + msg);
}
//模拟controller
public static void controller(List<String> dataList) {
log("接受请求");
service(dataList);
}
//模拟service
public static void service(List<String> dataList) {
log("执行业务");
dao(dataList);
}
//模拟dao
public static void dao(List<String> dataList) {
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(dataList.size());
log("执行数据库操作");
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
//模拟插入数据
for (String s : dataList) {
new Thread(() -> {
try {
//模拟数据库操作耗时100毫秒
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
log("插入数据" + s + "成功,主线程:" + threadName);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}).start();
}
//等待上面的dataList处理完毕
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//需要插入的数据
List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
dataList.add("数据" + i);
}
//模拟5个请求
int requestCount = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) {
String traceId = String.valueOf(i);
disposeRequestExecutor.execute(() -> {
//把traceId放入口袋中
traceIdKD.set(traceId);
try {
controller(dataList);
} finally {
//将tranceId从口袋中移除
traceIdKD.remove();
}
});
}
disposeRequestExecutor.shutdown();
}
}
输出:
****1565341611454[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565341611454[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565341611454[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565341611454[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565341611454[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565341611454[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565341611454[traceId:2],[线程:disposeRequestThread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565341611454[traceId:1],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565341611454[traceId:0],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565341611557[traceId:2],[线程:Thread-5],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565341611557[traceId:0],[线程:Thread-4],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565341611557[traceId:1],[线程:Thread-11],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565341611557[traceId:1],[线程:Thread-3],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565341611557[traceId:1],[线程:Thread-8],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565341611557[traceId:0],[线程:Thread-6],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565341611557[traceId:0],[线程:Thread-10],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565341611557[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565341611557[traceId:2],[线程:Thread-9],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565341611558[traceId:2],[线程:Thread-7],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-3
****1565341611557[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565341611557[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.controller(Demo4.java:42):接受请求
****1565341611558[traceId:3],[线程:disposeRequestThread-2],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565341611558[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.service(Demo4.java:48):执行业务
****1565341611558[traceId:4],[线程:disposeRequestThread-1],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.dao(Demo4.java:56):执行数据库操作
****1565341611659[traceId:3],[线程:Thread-15],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565341611659[traceId:4],[线程:Thread-14],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565341611659[traceId:3],[线程:Thread-13],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565341611659[traceId:3],[线程:Thread-12],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据0成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-2
****1565341611660[traceId:4],[线程:Thread-16],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据1成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
****1565341611660[traceId:4],[线程:Thread-17],com.itsoku.chat24.Demo4.lambda$dao$1(Demo4.java:64):插入数据数据2成功,主线程:disposeRequestThread-1
输出中都有traceId了,和期望的结果一致。
希望通过这篇文章可以学会使用InheritableThreadLocal
和InheritableThreadLocal
。有问题可以加我微信itsoku
交流,也可以留言,谢谢。