django验证码配置与使用
1.安装django-simple-captcha
pip install django-simple-captcha
2.配置settings.py
##加app列表
INSTALLED_APPS =[
# 校验码
'captcha',
]
## django_simple_captcha 验证码配置 # 格式 CAPTCHA_OUTPUT_FORMAT = u'%(text_field)s %(hidden_field)s %(image)s' # 字体倾斜度 CAPTCHA_LETTER_ROTATION = (-70, 35) # 噪点样式 CAPTCHA_NOISE_FUNCTIONS = ( # 'captcha.helpers.noise_null', # 没有样式 'captcha.helpers.noise_arcs', # 线 'captcha.helpers.noise_dots', # 点 ) # 图片大小 CAPTCHA_IMAGE_SIZE = (90, 25) CAPTCHA_BACKGROUND_COLOR = '#ffffff'
CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.random_char_challenge' # 图片中的文字为随机英文字母，如 mdsh
# CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.math_challenge' # 图片中的文字为数字表达式，如1+2=</span> CAPTCHA_LENGTH = 4 # 字符个数 CAPTCHA_TIMEOUT = 3 # 超时时间(minutes),默认为5分钟 # 是否测试模式,测试模式下输入任何字符都可通过 CAPTCHA_TEST_MODE = False # CAPTCHA_MATH_CHALLENGE_OPERATOR='math_challenge'
3.迁移数据库
# 生成迁移文件 python manage.py makemigrations # 生成数据表 python manage.py migrate
迁移成功后，数据库生成captcha_captchastore表，models.py如下
class CaptchaStore(models.Model):
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码
response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码，回复时验证
hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # 唯一标识key
expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 过期时间
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.response = self.response.lower()
if not self.expiration:
self.expiration = get_safe_now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=int(captcha_settings.CAPTCHA_TIMEOUT))
if not self.hashkey:
key_ = (
smart_text(randrange(0, MAX_RANDOM_KEY)) +
smart_text(time.time()) +
smart_text(self.challenge, errors='ignore') +
smart_text(self.response, errors='ignore')
).encode('utf8')
self.hashkey = hashlib.sha1(key_).hexdigest()
del(key_)
super(CaptchaStore, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.challenge
def remove_expired(cls):
cls.objects.filter(expiration__lte=get_safe_now()).delete()
remove_expired = classmethod(remove_expired)
@classmethod
def generate_key(cls):
challenge, response = captcha_settings.get_challenge()() # 生成验证码
store = cls.objects.create(challenge=challenge, response=response) # 验证码存库
return store.hashkey
4.urls.py配置
urlpatterns += [
url(r'^captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),
]
5.forms.py
from django import forms
from maiziedu.models import UserProfile
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
'''
注册
'''
username = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.TextInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入邮箱账号", "value": "", "required": "required",}),
max_length=50,error_messages={"required": "用户名不能为空",})
password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(
attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入密码", "value": "", "required": "required",}),
min_length=8, max_length=50,error_messages={"required": "密码不能为空",})
# 验证码
captcha = CaptchaField()
def clean(self):
# 验证码
try:
captcha_x = self.cleaned_data['captcha']
except Exception as e:
print 'except: '+ str(e)
raise forms.ValidationError(u"验证码有误，请重新输入")
# 用户名
try:
username=self.cleaned_data['username']
except Exception as e:
print 'except: '+ str(e)
raise forms.ValidationError(u"注册账号需为邮箱格式")
# 登录验证
is_email_exist = UserProfile.objects.filter(email=username).exists()
is_username_exist = UserProfile.objects.filter(username=username).exists()
if is_username_exist or is_email_exist:
raise forms.ValidationError(u"该账号已被注册")
# 密码
try:
password=self.cleaned_data['password']
except Exception as e:
print 'except: '+ str(e)
raise forms.ValidationError(u"请输入至少8位密码");
return self.cleaned_data
6.views.py
# 注册
# 改为ajax post
def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
# 验证码
print 'captcha_0: ' + request.POST.get('captcha_0')
print 'captcha_1: ' + request.POST.get('captcha_1')
try:
reg_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
except Exception as e:
print str(e)
# 登录失败 返回错误提示
err = "注册失败，请重试"
return result_response(request, err)
if reg_form.is_valid():
print "register success"
try:
username = reg_form.cleaned_data['username']
password = reg_form.cleaned_data['password']
user = UserProfile.objects.create(username = username, email = username,
password = make_password(password), is_active = True)
user.save()
# # 指定默认的登录验证方式
user.backend = 'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'
# 验证成功登录
auth.login(request, user)
return result_response(request, "")
except Exception as e:
print str(e)
setFormTips(reg_form, "注册失败，请重试")
else:
print "register failed"
if request.POST.get('captcha_1') == "":
setFormTips(reg_form, "验证码不能为空")
# 登录失败 返回错误提示
err = getFormTips(reg_form)
return result_response(request, err)
else:
reg_form = RegisterForm()
return render(request, 'index.html', locals())
7.html模板中显示验证码
第一种：
{{ reg_form.captcha }}
###这种方法对页面的适应性不太好，如上面模板变量生成html如下：
<input autocomplete="off" id="id_captcha_1" name="captcha_1" type="text">
<input id="id_captcha_0" name="captcha_0" type="hidden" value="e91228ab45df7338b59b64cb0eae1b60a48fd125">
<img src="/%2Fimage/e91228ab45df7338b59b64cb0eae1b60a48fd125/" alt="captcha" class="captcha">
第二种：
#views.py
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url
hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key()
imgage_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey)
###这种方法给刷新验证码提供了方便，生成html如下：
<input type="text" id="id_reg_captcha_1" name="captcha_1" class="form-control form-control-captcha fl" placeholder="请输入验证码">
<span class="v5-yzm fr"><a href="#" class="next-captcha"><img src="{{ imgage_url }}" class="captcha" alt="captcha">换一张</a></span>
<input id="id_reg_captcha_0" name="captcha_0" type="hidden" value="{{ hashkey }}">
8.刷新验证码
前台js
// 刷新验证码
$(".next-captcha").click(function(){
$.getJSON("{% url 'refresh-captcha' %}", function(json) {
// This should update your captcha image src and captcha hidden input
// debugger;
var status = json['status'];
var new_cptch_key = json['new_cptch_key'];
var new_cptch_image = json['new_cptch_image'];
id_captcha_0 = $("#id_reg_captcha_0");
img = $(".captcha");
id_captcha_0.attr("value", new_cptch_key);
img.attr("src", new_cptch_image);
});
});
后台代码
# 刷新验证码
def refresh_captcha(request):
to_json_response = dict()
to_json_response['status'] = 1
to_json_response['new_cptch_key'] = CaptchaStore.generate_key()
to_json_response['new_cptch_image'] = captcha_image_url(to_json_response['new_cptch_key'])
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(to_json_response), content_type='application/json')
