aptitude命令解决依赖问题、使用阿里源、Ubuntu上不同颜色代表什么文件
1、使用sudo apt install ... 安装程序的时候可能会出现依赖问题，这个时候使用aptitude代替apt就会自动帮你解决
格式：
aptitude(选项)(参数)
#选项
-h：显示帮助信息；
-d：仅下载软件包，不执行安装操作；
-P：每一步操作都要求确认；
-y：所有问题都回答“yes”；
-v：显示附加信息；
-u：启动时下载新的软件包列表。
#常用
aptitude update #更新可用的包列表
aptitude upgrade #升级可用的包
aptitude dist-upgrade #将系统升级到新的发行版
aptitude install pkgname #安装包
aptitude remove pkgname #删除包
aptitude purge pkgname #删除包及其配置文件
aptitude search string #搜索包
aptitude show pkgname #显示包的详细信息
aptitude clean #删除下载的包文件
aptitude autoclean #仅删除过期的包文件
2、apt的源文件在/etc/apt/sources.list，更改前可以使用cp备份一下cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04.2.0 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20210209.1)]/ focal main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse # This system was installed using small removable media # (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom" # entries were disabled at the end of the installation process. # For information about how to configure apt package sources, # see the sources.list(5) manual. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3、不同文件类型颜色区别
蓝色-------------->表示文件夹
绿色-------------->表示可执行文件
红色-------------->表示tar压缩文件
黄色-------------->表示设备文件，在/dev下全是这类文件
浅蓝色-------------->表示链接文件
白色(或灰色)-------------->普通文件
