http://www.cnblogs.com/haogj/p/4813155.html
Karma 是 Goolge 开源的一个 Test runner, 可以配合 Grunt 使用。
1. 相关插件介绍
1.1 Karma 的官网
http://karma-runner.github.io/
官网中的文档其实分多钟版本，不同版本的 karma 使用也有所不同，注意页面右上角的版本信息。
1.2 配合 Grunt 的插件 grunt-karma
https://github.com/karma-runner/grunt-karma
1.3 karma 用来启动 chrome 的 karma 插件
https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-chrome-launcher
1.4 jasmine 单元测试插件
https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-jasmine
1.5 单元测试的报表格式
单元测试默认提供了两种输出：'dots', 'progress' ，都比较简单，希望看到测试的详细输出，可以使用 reporter 插件，这里是其中之一：mocha
https://github.com/litixsoft/karma-mocha-reporter
1.6 angularJS 插件
https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-ng-scenario
1.7 requirejs 模块化插件
https://github.com/karma-runner/karma-requirejs
2. 安装插件
2.1 创建 package.json
使用 npm init 来创建 package.json 项目文件。
PS C:\study\demo> npm init
This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.
Use `npm install <pkg> --save` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.
Press ^C at any time to quit.
name: (demo) demo
version: (1.0.0)
description:
entry point: (index.js)
test command:
git repository:
keywords:
author:
license: (ISC) MIT
About to write to C:\study\demo\package.json:
{
"name": "demo",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"author": "",
"license": "MIT"
}
Is this ok? (yes) y
PS C:\study\demo>
安装 Karma
PS C:\study\protocat> npm install karma --save-dev
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No README data
npm WARN optional dep failed, continuing fsevents@1.0.0
|
> bufferutil@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil
> node-gyp rebuild
C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild )
Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch.
bufferutil.cc
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\bufferutil.vcxproj]
Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\s
ocket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.expGenerating code
Finished generating code
bufferutil.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\\bufferutil.node
|
> utf-8-validate@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate
> node-gyp rebuild
C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild )
Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch.
validation.cc
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\validation.vcxproj]
Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.expGenerating code
Finished generating code
validation.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\engine.io\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\\validation.node
/
> utf-8-validate@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate
> node-gyp rebuild
C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild )
Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch.
validation.cc
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\validation.vcxproj]
Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\validation.expGenerating code
Finished generating code
validation.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\utf-8-validate\build\Release\\validation.node
|
> bufferutil@1.2.1 install C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil
> node-gyp rebuild
/
C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil>if not defined npm_config_node_gyp (node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild ) else (node rebuild )
Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch.
bufferutil.cc
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\limits(214): warning C4577: 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified; termination on exception is not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc [C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\bufferutil.vcxproj]
Creating library C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.lib and object C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\bufferutil.exp
Generating code
Finished generating code
bufferutil.vcxproj -> C:\study\protocat\node_modules\karma\node_modules\socket.io\node_modules\socket.io-client\node_modules\engine.io-client\node_modules\ws\node_modules\bufferutil\build\Release\\bufferutil.node
karma@0.13.10 node_modules\karma
├── di@0.0.1
├── rimraf@2.4.3
├── graceful-fs@4.1.2
├── mime@1.3.4
├── colors@1.1.2
├── bluebird@2.10.1
├── http-proxy@1.11.2 (eventemitter3@1.1.1, requires-port@0.0.1)
├── source-map@0.4.4 (amdefine@1.0.0)
├── useragent@2.1.7 (lru-cache@2.2.4)
├── optimist@0.6.1 (wordwrap@0.0.3, minimist@0.0.10)
├── dom-serialize@2.2.0 (void-elements@1.0.0, custom-event@1.0.0, ent@2.2.0, extend@2.0.1)
├── minimatch@2.0.10 (brace-expansion@1.1.0)
├── glob@5.0.14 (path-is-absolute@1.0.0, inherits@2.0.1, inflight@1.0.4, once@1.3.2)
├── lodash@3.10.1
├── expand-braces@0.1.1 (array-uniq@1.0.2, array-slice@0.2.3, braces@0.1.5)
├── connect@3.4.0 (utils-merge@1.0.0, parseurl@1.3.0, finalhandler@0.4.0, debug@2.2.0)
├── log4js@0.6.27 (async@0.2.10, underscore@1.8.2, semver@4.3.6, readable-stream@1.0.33)
├── core-js@1.1.4
├── memoizee@0.3.9 (next-tick@0.2.2, lru-queue@0.1.0, timers-ext@0.1.0, d@0.1.1, event-emitter@0.3.3, es6-weak-map@0.1.4
, es5-ext@0.10.7)
├── body-parser@1.14.0 (bytes@2.1.0, content-type@1.0.1, depd@1.1.0, on-finished@2.3.0, raw-body@2.1.3, debug@2.2.0, ico
nv-lite@0.4.11, qs@5.1.0, http-errors@1.3.1, type-is@1.6.8)
├── chokidar@1.1.0 (arrify@1.0.0, path-is-absolute@1.0.0, is-glob@2.0.0, async-each@0.1.6, glob-parent@2.0.0, is-binary-
path@1.0.1, readdirp@2.0.0, anymatch@1.3.0)
└── socket.io@1.3.7 (has-binary-data@0.1.3, debug@2.1.0, socket.io-parser@2.2.4, socket.io-adapter@0.3.1, engine.io@1.5.
4, socket.io-client@1.3.7)
安装 grunt-karma 插件。
PS C:\study\demo> npm install grunt-karma --save-dev
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json app@1.0.0 No README data
grunt-karma@0.12.1 node_modules\grunt-karma
└── lodash@3.10.1
安装之后，在 node_modules 中实际上有了 grunt, grunt-karma, 以及 karma 三个组件。
继续安装 karma 的插件。
先安装 chrome 的启动器。
PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-chrome-launcher
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data
karma-chrome-launcher@0.2.0 node_modules\karma-chrome-launcher
├── fs-access@1.0.0 (null-check@1.0.0)
└── which@1.1.2 (is-absolute@0.1.7)
单元测试 jasmine.
PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-jasmine
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data
npm WARN peerDependencies The peer dependency jasmine-core@* included from karma-jasmine will no
npm WARN peerDependencies longer be automatically installed to fulfill the peerDependency
npm WARN peerDependencies in npm 3+. Your application will need to depend on it explicitly.
jasmine-core@2.3.4 node_modules\jasmine-core
karma-jasmine@0.3.6 node_modules\karma-jasmine
单元测试的输出报表格式 mocha.
PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-mocha-reporter
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data
karma-mocha-reporter@1.1.1 node_modules\karma-mocha-reporter
└── chalk@1.1.0 (escape-string-regexp@1.0.3, supports-color@2.0.0, ansi-styles@2.1.0, has-ansi@2.0.0, strip-ansi@3.0.0)
angular 插件
PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-ng-scenario
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data
karma-ng-scenario@0.1.0 node_modules\karma-ng-scenario
requirejs 插件。
PS C:\study\demo> npm install --save-dev karma-requirejs
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN package.json demo@1.0.0 No README data
npm WARN peerDependencies The peer dependency requirejs@~2.1 included from karma-requirejs will no
npm WARN peerDependencies longer be automatically installed to fulfill the peerDependency
npm WARN peerDependencies in npm 3+. Your application will need to depend on it explicitly.
requirejs@2.1.20 node_modules\requirejs
karma-requirejs@0.2.2 node_modules\karma-requirejs
3. 配置
不用版本的 karma 配置会有所不同，这里使用 v0.13 版。
karma 的运行配置可以保存在独立的文件中，也可以在 Gruntfile.js 中直接配置，由于 karma 的配置参数较多，建议保存在独立的配置文件中。
这样，我们可以针对不同的测试场景，创建不同的 karma 配置文件，最后通过 grunt 来使用。
karma 配置文件中的 basePath 是一个非常重要的参数，用来表示 karma 配置文件中的其它相对路径所依赖的起点。
如果这是一个对象路径，就会相对于配置文件来定位。
默认是 '', 也就是说配置文件所在的目录就是相对的根目录了。
在 karma 实际运行的时候，这个目录会被自动映射到 /base 之下。
files 中配置可以通过 karma 服务器访问哪些文件，在这里列出的文件，才可以通过 HTTP 访问到。当使用对象方式表示路径的时候，included 表示 karma 是不是需要自动生成一个 script 标记来加载特定的脚本，设置为 false 表示不生成这个标记，而 served 则表示是否可以通过 karma 的网站服务器访问这个文件。
plugins 在 v0.13 中可以不同配置，karma 会自动加载位于 node_modules 中的 karma-* 的 karma 模块。
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Tue Sep 15 2015 12:41:55 GMT+0800 (China Standard Time)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
// if requirejs used,
frameworks: ['jasmine', 'requirejs'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
// inclueded, default: true, should the files be included in the browser using <script> tag?
// use false if you want to load them manually. eg using require.js
// served, default: true, should the files be served by karma's webserver?
// watched, default: true, if autowatch is true, all files that have set watched to true will be watched for change
{ pattern: 'src/**/*.*', included: false, served: true },
{ pattern: 'test/**/*_spec.js', included: false, served: true },
//in version 0.13, the item should be last
'test-main.js',
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
'src/js/main.js'
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['mocha'],
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['Chrome'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: false,
// By default, Karma loads all sibling NPM modules which have a name starting with karma-*.
})
}
在配合 requirejs 的时候，我们还需要一个 main.js 文件对 requirejs 进行配置。
在 requirejs 中也有一个 baseUrl 配置参数，这里一定要考虑刚才karma 的 basePath 进行配置，由于在 karma 的网站中，前面又添加了 /base ，所以，现在 requirejs 的 baseUrl 就会变成 /base/src/js 了。
这样，修改了 baseUrl， 我们其它的模块 Id 就不用变化了。
我们希望能够通过 karma 直接加载测试并执行测试，所以，karma 帮助我们生成了一段脚本，从我们网站中的脚本文件中筛选出测试文件，直接加载执行，脚本通过正则表达式 /(spec|test)\.js$/i 来筛选，可以看到，它直接检查脚本文件名中，以 spec.js 或者 test.js 结尾的脚本文件。找到之后，通过 requirejs 配置中的 deps 提前加载并执行。
var allTestFiles = [];
var TEST_REGEXP = /(spec|test)\.js$/i;
// Get a list of all the test files to include
Object.keys(window.__karma__.files).forEach(function(file) {
if (TEST_REGEXP.test(file)) {
// Normalize paths to RequireJS module names.
// If you require sub-dependencies of test files to be loaded as-is (requiring file extension)
// then do not normalize the paths
// var normalizedTestModule = file.replace(/^\/base\/|\.js$/g, '');
var normalizedTestModule = file;
allTestFiles.push(normalizedTestModule);
}
});
require.config({
// Karma serves files under /base, which is the basePath from your config file
baseUrl: '/base/src/js',
paths:{
'angular':'lib/angular.min'
},
shim:{
'angular':{
'exports': 'angular'
}
},
// dynamically load all test files
deps: allTestFiles,
// we have to kickoff jasmine, as it is asynchronous
callback: window.__karma__.start
});
require(['angular', 'controllers/controllers'], function(angular, controller){
console.log('main.js loaded.');
console.log( controller);
}, function(){
console.log("load error");
console.log( arguments);
});
4. 测试的写法
比如，我们有一个模块的定义。
define([], function(){
return function ($scope){
$scope.name = 'World';
$scope.phones = [
{'name': 'Nexus S', 'snippet': 'Fast just got faster with Nexus S.', 'age':1 },
{'name': 'Motorola XOOM™ with Wi-Fi', 'snippet': 'The Next, Next Generation tablet.', 'age':2 },
{'name': 'MOTOROLA XOOM™', 'snippet': 'The Next, Next Generation tablet.', 'age':3 }
];
$scope.orderProp = 'age';
};
})
测试也是一个模块，一定要在测试的依赖项中，将测试所依赖的模块加载进来。
// use define to load dependency block.
define(['controllers/controllers'], function(target) {
// regular jasmine test case
describe('PhoneCat controllers', function() {
describe('PhoneListCtrl', function(){
var scope, ctrl;
beforeEach(function(){
scope = {};
// create controller instance
ctrl = new target( scope );
});
it('should create "Phone" model with 3 phones.', function(){
expect( scope.phones.length ).toBe( 3 );
});
it(' the name of "Phone" model should be "World".', function(){
expect( scope.name ).toBe('World');
});
it('the age of "Phone" model should be "age",', function(){
expect( scope.orderProp ).toBe( 'age' );
})
})
});
});
执行之后的输出如下：
PS C:\study\photocat> grunt karma
Running "karma:unit" (karma) task
16 09 2015 14:38:05.540:WARN [karma]: No captured browser, open http://localhost:9876/
16 09 2015 14:38:05.555:INFO [karma]: Karma v0.13.9 server started at http://localhost:9876/
16 09 2015 14:38:05.564:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser Chrome
16 09 2015 14:38:08.382:INFO [Chrome 44.0.2403 (Windows 7 0.0.0)]: Connected on socket IUSWkKhxqSbjN8NzAAAA with id 89877642
Start:
hello, jasmine.
√ say hello to jasmine.
PhoneCat controllers
PhoneListCtrl
√ should create "Phone" model with 3 phones.
√ the name of "Phone" model should be "World".
√ the age of "Phone" model should be "age",
Finished in 0.013 secs / 0.002 secs
SUMMARY:
√ 4 tests completed
5. 总结
在配合 requirejs 的时候， karma 路径，requirejs 的路径一定要注意，karma 的服务器将我们的服务内容放在了 /base 之下，我们在使用的时候，必须特别注意这一点。
另外，文件名称的大小写问题，在 Windows 系统下大小写不敏感，但是，在 Linux 服务器上，大小写不同将是不同的文件。注意 Karma 服务器中，即使在 Windwos 系统下，也会区分大小写。
在配合 requirejs 时，关键是一定要通过 requirejs 来加载你的模块，而不是直接嵌入带页面中。
http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch
http://icodeit.org/2013/10/using-karma-as-the-javascript-test-runner/
