简说MVC Filter
Filter与FilterProvider之间的关系
根据用途和执行时机的不同,MVC主要分为以下5种类型的过虑器:AuthenticationFilter、AuthorizationFilter、ActionFilter、ExceptionFilter、ResultFilter。下面我们来看一个IFilter接口,如下所示:
public class Filter { public const int DefaultOrder = -1; public Filter(object instance, FilterScope scope, int? order) { //省略 if (order == null) { IMvcFilter mvcFilter = instance as IMvcFilter; if (mvcFilter != null) { order = mvcFilter.Order; } } Instance = instance; Order = order ?? DefaultOrder; Scope = scope; } public object Instance { get; protected set; } public int Order { get; protected set; } public FilterScope Scope { get; protected set; } } public enum FilterScope { First = 0, Global = 10, Controller = 20, Action = 30, Last = 100, }
一个Filter对象就是对一个过滤器的封装,它将过滤器对象封装在Instance属性中。表示排序的Order属性,默认为-1,值越小越优先。还有一个表示范围的Scope属性,它是一个枚举类型。其中Global、Controller、Action分别表示应用到整个应用范围内、某个Controller上、某个Action上,另两个First、Last表明是应用的第一个还是最后一个。如果前面的Order属性的值一样大,那么相同的Order的Filter则会按照Scope属性值越小越优先。
所有的Filter均是通过FilterProvider来提供的,该接口的定义如下所示:
public interface IFilterProvider { IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor); }
该接口只定义了一个GetFilters方法,用于获取某个Action方法上所有的Filter。它具有两个参数ControllerContext表示当前的Controller的上下文,ActionDescriptor描述目标Action方法。
用于提供Filter的FilterProvider是通过静态类型FilterProviders来注册的。如下所示:
public static class FilterProviders { static FilterProviders() { Providers = new FilterProviderCollection(); Providers.Add(GlobalFilters.Filters); Providers.Add(new FilterAttributeFilterProvider()); Providers.Add(new ControllerInstanceFilterProvider()); } public static FilterProviderCollection Providers { get; private set; } }
从上我们看到MVC提供了三种原生的FilterProvider,它们分别是:GlobalFilters.Filters用于提供全局、FilterAttributeFilterProvider用于提供Controller类和Action方法上、ControllerInstanceFilterProvider用于提供Controller这个别特的过滤器。下面来看FilterProvider是如何提供Filter的。
1、FilterAttributeFilterProvider
我们通常是将过滤器定义成特性的方式标注到某个Controller或Action上。这样的过滤器特性一般以FilterAttribute作为基类。它实现了IMvcFilter接口,IMvcFilter只有两个只读属性成员Order和AllowMultiple。在上面的Filter类中我们看到如果实例可以转换为IMvcFilter接口,那么则将IMvcFilter的Order值赋给Filter的Order属性。我们在某个Action方法或Controller上标记某个特性时,可以在上面指定Order值,如[Authorize(Order =3)]。如下所示:
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)] public abstract class FilterAttribute : Attribute, IMvcFilter { private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, bool> _multiuseAttributeCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, bool>(); private int _order = Filter.DefaultOrder; public bool AllowMultiple { get { return AllowsMultiple(GetType()); } } public int Order { get { return _order; } set { if (value < Filter.DefaultOrder) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", MvcResources.FilterAttribute_OrderOutOfRange); } _order = value; } } private static bool AllowsMultiple(Type attributeType) { return _multiuseAttributeCache.GetOrAdd( attributeType, type => type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AttributeUsageAttribute), true) .Cast<AttributeUsageAttribute>() .First() .AllowMultiple); } } public interface IMvcFilter { bool AllowMultiple { get; } int Order { get; } }
从应用在FilterAttribute的AttributeUsageAttribute特性上我们可以看到此特性可以应用到类和方法上,AllowMultiple默认为false,不允许多个。
获取Controller类和Action方法上的特性是通过FilterAttributeFilterProvider来提供的。如下所示:
public class FilterAttributeFilterProvider : IFilterProvider { private readonly bool _cacheAttributeInstances; public FilterAttributeFilterProvider() : this(true) { } public FilterAttributeFilterProvider(bool cacheAttributeInstances) { _cacheAttributeInstances = cacheAttributeInstances; } protected virtual IEnumerable<FilterAttribute> GetActionAttributes(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) { return actionDescriptor.GetFilterAttributes(_cacheAttributeInstances); } protected virtual IEnumerable<FilterAttribute> GetControllerAttributes(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) { return actionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.GetFilterAttributes(_cacheAttributeInstances); } public virtual IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) { // Results are low in number in the common case so use yield return to avoid creating intermediate collections or nested enumerables if (controllerContext.Controller != null) { foreach (FilterAttribute attr in GetControllerAttributes(controllerContext, actionDescriptor)) { yield return new Filter(attr, FilterScope.Controller, order: null); } foreach (FilterAttribute attr in GetActionAttributes(controllerContext, actionDescriptor)) { yield return new Filter(attr, FilterScope.Action, order: null); } } } }
从上面的静态类FilterProviders中,我们可以看到MVC默认注册的是FilterAttributeFilterProvider的无参构造函数,然后它传一个true调用有参构造函数,该_cacheAttributeInstances字段表示是否缓存获取到的Filter。因为是通过反射获取Controller和Action上的Filter,所以MVC默认缓存获取到的Filter,提高性能。
该类实现的GetFilters方法,它会先后调用GetControllerAttributes方法和GetActionAttributes方法,分别获取Cotroller和Action上Filter。分别用于描述 Controller和Action的ControllerDescriptor和ActionDescriptor类实现了ICustomAttributeProvider接口。我们可以调用相应的方法获取应用在对应的Controller类型或Action方法上包括FilterAttribute在内的所有特性。如下所示:
public abstract class ControllerDescriptor : ICustomAttributeProvider, IUniquelyIdentifiable { public virtual object[] GetCustomAttributes(Type attributeType, bool inherit) { if (attributeType == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("attributeType"); } return (object[])Array.CreateInstance(attributeType, 0); } public virtual IEnumerable<FilterAttribute> GetFilterAttributes(bool useCache) { return GetCustomAttributes(typeof(FilterAttribute), inherit: true).Cast<FilterAttribute>(); } } public abstract class ActionDescriptor : ICustomAttributeProvider, IUniquelyIdentifiable { public virtual object[] GetCustomAttributes(Type attributeType, bool inherit) { if (attributeType == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("attributeType"); } return (object[])Array.CreateInstance(attributeType, 0); } public virtual IEnumerable<FilterAttribute> GetFilterAttributes(bool useCache) { return GetCustomAttributes(typeof(FilterAttribute), inherit: true).Cast<FilterAttribute>(); } }
2、ControllerInstanceFilterProvider
Controller本身就是一个过滤器,如下所示:
public abstract class Controller : ControllerBase, IActionFilter, IAuthenticationFilter, IAuthorizationFilter, IDisposable, IExceptionFilter, IResultFilter, IAsyncController, IAsyncManagerContainer { //省略 }
对于Controller这个特殊的过滤器,其对应的FilterProvider类型,如下所示:
public class ControllerInstanceFilterProvider : IFilterProvider { public IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) { if (controllerContext.Controller != null) { // Use FilterScope.First and Order of Int32.MinValue to ensure controller instance methods always run first yield return new Filter(controllerContext.Controller, FilterScope.First, Int32.MinValue); } } }
它的GetFilter方法跟据ControllerContext获取对应的Controller对象,并以此创建对应的Filter。
3、GlobalFilters.Filters
全局过滤器,它不是显示的应用于某个Controller、某个Action上,而是默认应用到整个程序的所有Controller类型的Action方法上。如下所示:
public static class GlobalFilters { static GlobalFilters() { Filters = new GlobalFilterCollection(); } public static GlobalFilterCollection Filters { get; private set; } }
GlobalFilters就只有一个属性GlobalFilterCollection,GlobalFilterCollection它是一个元素类型为Filter的集合,它显示地实现了IFilterProvider接口的GetFilters方法,返回的就是它自己,如下所示:
public sealed class GlobalFilterCollection : IEnumerable<Filter>, IFilterProvider { private List<Filter> _filters = new List<Filter>(); public void Add(object filter) { AddInternal(filter, order: null); } public void Add(object filter, int order) { AddInternal(filter, order); } private void AddInternal(object filter, int? order) { ValidateFilterInstance(filter); _filters.Add(new Filter(filter, FilterScope.Global, order)); } IEnumerable<Filter> IFilterProvider.GetFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) { return this; } //省略 }
到目前为止,MVC默认提供的3种原生的FilterProvider以及各自采用的Filter提供机制介绍完毕。MVC的5种过滤器最终被封装成相应的Filter对象,但是它们的执行时机和方式是不同的,所以在执行之前需要根据被封装的过滤器类型对所有的Filter进行分组。就是当ControllerActionInvoker被调用时,它会利用静态类型FilterProviders得到所有注册的IFilterProvider类型,然后利用当前的ControllerContext和ActionDescriptor对象得到Filter,然后根据其Instance属性表示的过滤器类型,将它分组,最终得到一个具有如下所示FilterInfo类型的对象。
public class FilterInfo { public IList<IActionFilter> ActionFilters { get; } public IList<IAuthenticationFilter> AuthenticationFilters { get; } public IList<IAuthorizationFilter> AuthorizationFilters { get; } public IList<IExceptionFilter> ExceptionFilters { get; } public IList<IResultFilter> ResultFilters { get; } }
本文来自博客园,作者:追夢,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/koeltp/p/7427106.html