scrapy-redis

scrapy-redis是一个基于redis的scrapy组件，通过它可以快速实现简单分布式爬虫程序，该组件本质上提供了三大功能：

  • scheduler - 调度器
  • dupefilter - URL去重规则（被调度器使用）
  • pipeline   - 数据持久化

 

 

scrapy-redis组件

1. URL去重

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定义去重规则（被调度器调用并应用）
 
    a. 内部会使用以下配置进行连接Redis
 
        # REDIS_HOST = 'localhost'                            # 主机名
        # REDIS_PORT = 6379                                   # 端口
        # REDIS_URL = 'redis://user:pass@hostname:9001'       # 连接URL（优先于以上配置）
        # REDIS_PARAMS  = {}                                  # Redis连接参数             默认：REDIS_PARAMS = {'socket_timeout': 30,'socket_connect_timeout': 30,'retry_on_timeout': True,'encoding': REDIS_ENCODING,}）
        # REDIS_PARAMS['redis_cls'] = 'myproject.RedisClient' # 指定连接Redis的Python模块  默认：redis.StrictRedis
        # REDIS_ENCODING = "utf-8"                            # redis编码类型             默认：'utf-8'
     
    b. 去重规则通过redis的集合完成，集合的Key为：
     
        key = defaults.DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp': int(time.time())}
        默认配置：
            DUPEFILTER_KEY = 'dupefilter:%(timestamp)s'
              
    c. 去重规则中将url转换成唯一标示，然后在redis中检查是否已经在集合中存在
     
        from scrapy.utils import request
        from scrapy.http import Request
         
        req = Request(url='http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi.html')
        result = request.request_fingerprint(req)
        print(result) # 8ea4fd67887449313ccc12e5b6b92510cc53675c
         
         
        PS:
            - URL参数位置不同时，计算结果一致；
            - 默认请求头不在计算范围，include_headers可以设置指定请求头
            示例：
                from scrapy.utils import request
                from scrapy.http import Request
                 
                req = Request(url='http://www.baidu.com?name=8&id=1',callback=lambda x:print(x),cookies={'k1':'vvvvv'})
                result = request.request_fingerprint(req,include_headers=['cookies',])
                 
                print(result)
                 
                req = Request(url='http://www.baidu.com?id=1&name=8',callback=lambda x:print(x),cookies={'k1':666})
                 
                result = request.request_fingerprint(req,include_headers=['cookies',])
                 
                print(result)
         
"""
# Ensure all spiders share same duplicates filter through redis.
# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

2. 调度器

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"""
调度器，调度器使用PriorityQueue（有序集合）、FifoQueue（列表）、LifoQueue（列表）进行保存请求，并且使用RFPDupeFilter对URL去重
     
    a. 调度器
        SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue'          # 默认使用优先级队列（默认），其他：PriorityQueue（有序集合），FifoQueue（列表）、LifoQueue（列表）
        SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY = '%(spider)s:requests'                         # 调度器中请求存放在redis中的key
        SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER = "scrapy_redis.picklecompat"                  # 对保存到redis中的数据进行序列化，默认使用pickle
        SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True                                            # 是否在关闭时候保留原来的调度器和去重记录，True=保留，False=清空
        SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = True                                     # 是否在开始之前清空 调度器和去重记录，True=清空，False=不清空
        SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE = 10                                    # 去调度器中获取数据时，如果为空，最多等待时间（最后没数据，未获取到）。
        SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY = '%(spider)s:dupefilter'                  # 去重规则，在redis中保存时对应的key
        SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'# 去重规则对应处理的类
 
 
"""
# Enables scheduling storing requests queue in redis.
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
 
# Default requests serializer is pickle, but it can be changed to any module
# with loads and dumps functions. Note that pickle is not compatible between
# python versions.
# Caveat: In python 3.x, the serializer must return strings keys and support
# bytes as values. Because of this reason the json or msgpack module will not
# work by default. In python 2.x there is no such issue and you can use
# 'json' or 'msgpack' as serializers.
# SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER = "scrapy_redis.picklecompat"
 
# Don't cleanup redis queues, allows to pause/resume crawls.
# SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True
 
# Schedule requests using a priority queue. (default)
# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue'
 
# Alternative queues.
# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.FifoQueue'
# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.LifoQueue'
 
# Max idle time to prevent the spider from being closed when distributed crawling.
# This only works if queue class is SpiderQueue or SpiderStack,
# and may also block the same time when your spider start at the first time (because the queue is empty).
# SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE = 10　　

3. 数据持久化

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2. 定义持久化，爬虫yield Item对象时执行RedisPipeline
     
    a. 将item持久化到redis时，指定key和序列化函数
     
        REDIS_ITEMS_KEY = '%(spider)s:items'
        REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER = 'json.dumps'
     
    b. 使用列表保存item数据

4. 起始URL相关

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"""
起始URL相关
 
    a. 获取起始URL时，去集合中获取还是去列表中获取？True，集合；False，列表
        REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET = False    # 获取起始URL时，如果为True，则使用self.server.spop；如果为False，则使用self.server.lpop
    b. 编写爬虫时，起始URL从redis的Key中获取
        REDIS_START_URLS_KEY = '%(name)s:start_urls'
         
"""
# If True, it uses redis' ``spop`` operation. This could be useful if you
# want to avoid duplicates in your start urls list. In this cases, urls must
# be added via ``sadd`` command or you will get a type error from redis.
# REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET = False
 
# Default start urls key for RedisSpider and RedisCrawlSpider.
# REDIS_START_URLS_KEY = '%(name)s:start_urls'

scrapy-redis示例

1. 配置文件

# ####################### redis配置文件 #######################
REDIS_HOST = '192.168.11.81'                            # 主机名
REDIS_PORT = 6379                                   # 端口
# REDIS_URL = 'redis://user:pass@hostname:9001'       # 连接URL（优先于以上配置）
# REDIS_PARAMS  = {}                                  # Redis连接参数             默认：REDIS_PARAMS = {'socket_timeout': 30,'socket_connect_timeout': 30,'retry_on_timeout': True,'encoding': REDIS_ENCODING,}）
# REDIS_PARAMS['redis_cls'] = 'myproject.RedisClient' # 指定连接Redis的Python模块  默认：redis.StrictRedis
REDIS_ENCODING = "utf-8"                            # redis编码类型             默认：'utf-8'

# df
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"   # 也可以自定义自己的去重规则

from scrapy_redis.scheduler import Scheduler
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"   #  调度器    

from scrapy_redis.queue import PriorityQueue
from scrapy_redis import picklecompat
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue'  # 默认使用优先级队列（默认），其他：PriorityQueue（有序集合），FifoQueue（列表）、LifoQueue（列表）
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY = '%(spider)s:requests'  # 调度器中请求存放在redis中的key
SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER = "scrapy_redis.picklecompat"  # 对保存到redis中的数据进行序列化，默认使用pickle
SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True  # 是否在关闭时候保留原来的调度器和去重记录，True=保留，False=清空
SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = False  # 是否在开始之前清空 调度器和去重记录，True=清空，False=不清空
SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE = 10  # 去调度器中获取数据时，如果为空，最多等待时间（最后没数据，未获取到）。
SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY = '%(spider)s:dupefilter'  # 去重规则，在redis中保存时对应的key
SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'  # 去重规则对应处理的类


from scrapy_redis.pipelines import RedisPipeline

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 300,
}
REDIS_ITEMS_KEY = '%(spider)s:items'
REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER = 'json.dumps'

 

2. 爬虫文件

import scrapy


class ChoutiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "chouti"
    allowed_domains = ["chouti.com"]
    start_urls = (
        'http://www.chouti.com/',
    )

    def parse(self, response):
        for i in range(0,10):
            yield
爬虫文件

 

 

 

posted @ 2023-10-26 22:34  冰底熊  阅读(56)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报