day-87路飞学城

pip全局永久换源(虚拟环境也适用)

1、文件管理器文件路径地址栏敲:%APPDATA% 回车,快速进入 C:\Users\电脑用户\AppData\Roaming 文件夹中
2、新建 pip 文件夹并在文件夹中新建 pip.ini 配置文件
3、新增 pip.ini 配置文件内容
    [global]
    index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
    [install]
    use-mirrors =true
    mirrors =http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
    trusted-host =pypi.douban.com

 

虚拟环境搭建

#安装模块(安装在python3中)

pip3 install virtualenv
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper-win

# 配置

1.在D盘新建一个文件夹
2.配置环境变量:控制面板 => 系统和安全 => 系统 => 高级系统设置 => 环境变量 => 系统变量 => 点击新建 => 填入变量名与值
              变量名:WORKON_HOME  变量值:新文件夹(存放虚拟环境)的绝对路径   #WORKON_HOME: D:\Virtualenvs
3.同步配置信息:
         去向Python3的安装目录 => Scripts文件夹 => virtualenvwrapper.bat => 双击

#使用

在终端工作的命令

1.选取默认Python环境创建虚拟环境:
    -- mkvirtualenv 虚拟环境名称
基于某Python环境创建虚拟环境:
    -- mkvirtualenv -p python2.7 虚拟环境名称
    -- mkvirtualenv -p python3.6 虚拟环境名称

2、查看已有的虚拟环境
    -- workon

3、使用某个虚拟环境
    -- workon 虚拟环境名称
    
4、进入|退出 该虚拟环境的Python环境
    -- python | exit()

5、为虚拟环境安装模块
    -- pip或pip3 install 模块名

6、退出当前虚拟环境
    -- deactivate

7、删除虚拟环境(删除当前虚拟环境要先退出)
    -- rmvirtualenv 虚拟环境名称

 python使用虚拟环境

 后台项目搭建

1.虚拟环境配置模块


>: pip install django
>: pip install djangorestframework
>: pip install PymySQL


2.创建项目

前提:在目标目录新建luffy文件夹
创建:
    >: cd 建立的luffy文件夹
    >: django-admin startproject luffyapi
开发:用pycharm打开项目,并选择提前备好的虚拟环境


3.重构项目目录

├── luffyapi
    ├── logs/                # 项目运行时/开发时日志目录(文件夹)
    ├── manage.py            # 脚本文件
    ├── luffyapi/              # 项目主应用,开发时的代码保存(包)
    │    ├── apps/          # 开发者的代码保存目录,以模块[子应用]为目录保存(包)
    │    ├── libs/          # 第三方类库的保存目录[第三方组件、模块](包)
    │    ├── settings/      # 配置目录(包)
    │         ├── dev.py       # 项目开发时的本地配置
    │         ├── prod.py      # 项目上线时的运行配置
    │    ├── urls.py        # 总路由
    │    ├── utils/         # 多个模块[子应用]的公共函数类库[自己开发的组件]
    └── scripts/               # 保存项目运营时的脚本文件 - 文件夹




4.配置开发环境


a.将settings.py文件内容移植到settings文件夹中的dev.py,并移除settings.py

b.修改wsgi.py、manage.py配置文件指向:
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'luffyapi.settings.dev')

c.修改dev.py文件内容:
    #注册drf
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        
        'rest_framework',
    ]
    # BASE_DIR添加到环境变量
    import sys
    sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)
    # 国际化
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    #配置日志:

LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'formatters': {
'verbose': {
'format': '%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(module)s %(lineno)d %(message)s'
},
'simple': {
'format': '%(levelname)s %(module)s %(lineno)d %(message)s'
},
},
'filters': {
'require_debug_true': {
'()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue',
},
},
'handlers': {
'console': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'filters': ['require_debug_true'],
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'formatter': 'simple'
},
'file': {
# 实际开发建议使用WARNING或ERROR
'level': 'WARNING',
'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
# 日志位置,日志文件名,日志保存目录必须手动创建,注:这里的文件路径要注意BASE_DIR
'filename': os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "logs/luffy.log"),
# 日志文件的最大值,这里我们设置300M
'maxBytes': 300 * 1024 * 1024,
# 日志文件的数量,设置最大日志数量为10
'backupCount': 10,
# 日志格式:详细格式
'formatter': 'verbose',
'encoding':'utf-8'
},
},
# 日志对象
'loggers': {
'django': {
'handlers': ['console', 'file'],
'propagate': True, # 是否让日志信息继续冒泡给其他的日志处理系统
},
}
}

5.修改启动配置(同上4b)


6.在script文件加中建测试文件t_proj.py测试默认配置文件是否是dev.py文件
    import os, django
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'luffyapi.settings.dev')
    django.setup()
    from django.conf import settings
    print(settings)
    
    from utils.logging import logger
    logger.error('测试error')


7.utils/logging.py:
    配置logger完成自定义错误信息往文件或控制台打印

import logging
logger = logging.getLogger('django')



8.utils/response.py:
    二次封装Response类:

from rest_framework.response import Response
class APIResponse(Response):
    def __init__(self, data_status, msg, results=None, headers=None, status=None, **kwargs):
        data = {
            'status': data_status,
            'msg': msg,
        }
        if results:
            data['results'] = results
        data.update(kwargs)
        super().__init__(data=data, headers=headers, status=status)



9.utils/exception.py:
    异常处理

from rest_framework.views import exception_handler as drf_exception_handler
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .logging import logger
def exception_handler(exc, context):
    response = drf_exception_handler(exc, context)
    if response is None:
        view = context['view']
        logger.error('%s:%s' % (view, exc))
        response = Response({'detail': '服务器内部错误'}, status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    return response

settings/dev.py:
    异常处理配置settings配置
    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'utils.exception.exception_handler'
    }



10.媒体目录

# dev.py中
    # 访问要上传文件的url地址前缀
    MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

    #项目中存储上传文件的根目录
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

    # 创建文件
    在luffyapi/luffyapi中创建media目录(谁是项目根目录就在那个文件夹下创建)

# 配置路由
    from django.urls import re_path
    from django.views.static import serve
    from django.conf import settings
    urlpatterns = [
        re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
    ]

 

数据库配置

1.管理员连接数据库

2.创建数据库
>: create database luffy default charset=utf8;
                                
3.单独给新数据库设置权限账号密码
    # 拥有公网或局域网,其他主机连mysql
    >: grant all privileges on luffy.* to 'luffy'@'%' identified by 'luffy';

    #要是本机连mysql连不上,再增加localhost域,本机就可以登录了
    >: grant all privileges on luffy.* to 'luffy'@'localhost' identified by 'luffy';

    #设置完有权限限制的账号后一定要刷新权限
    >: flush privileges;

4.退出管理员,用账号 luffy 密码 luffy 登入开发

5.settings/dev.py配置
DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
        "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
        "PORT": 3306,
        "USER": "luffy",
        "PASSWORD": "luffy",
        "NAME": "luffy",
    }
}

6.luffypai/__init__.py
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

7.运行会出现Django与pymysql版本兼容问题:见两张插图

 新建user应用

1.终端前往luffyapi/apps所在目录
>:cd luffyapi\apps
2,创建user组件
>: python ../../manage.py startapp user

3.settings/dev.py中先把apps添加环境变量,在注册user
sys.path.insert(1, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    
    'user'
]

4.分发路由
    #主路由urls.py
    from django.urls import include
    urlpatterns = [

        path('user/', include('user.urls')),
    ]
    #子路由
    from django.urls import path, re_path
    from . import views
    urlpatterns = [
    ]


5.自定义user表:user/models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号码", max_length=15, unique=True)
    avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatar', verbose_name='用户头像', null=True, blank=True,
                               help_text="头像图片的大小规格:256x256,或者对应的比例的图片")
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'luffy_user'
        verbose_name = '用户'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username


6.修改auth认证的user表:settings/dev.py

    # 这里是固定写法:模块.继承AbstractUser的自定义User表
    AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.User'



7.ImageField字段需要支持:安装 Pillow

    >: pip install Pillow


8.新建管理员用户:

    >: python manage.py createsuperuser


9.数据库迁移

    >: python manage.py makemigrations
    >: python manage.py migrate

 

 

前台

1.安装node环境


1.傻瓜式安装node: https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/
2.安装cnpm: npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
3.安装vue/cli 3.x: cnpm install -g @vue/cli
4.如果报错处理后重新走2、3步:npm cache clean --force


2.创建项目

前提:在目标目录新建luffy文件夹
>: cd 建立的luffy文件夹
>: vue create luffycity


3.重构项目目录

├── luffycity
    ├── public/                      # 项目共有资源
    │    ├── favicon.ico            # 站点图标
    │    ├── index.html                # 主页
    ├── src/                          # 项目主应用,开发时的代码保存
    │    ├── assets/                  # 前台静态资源总目录
    │    │    ├── css/                # 自定义css样式
    │    │    │    ├── global.css    # 自定义全局样式
    │    │    ├── js/                # 自定义js样式
    │    │    ├── img/                # 前台图片资源
    │    ├── components/            # 小组件目录
    │    ├── views/                  # 页面组件目录
    │    ├── App.vue                # 根路由
    │    ├── main.js                # 入口脚本文件
    │    ├── router.js                # 路由脚本文件
    │    ├── settings.js            # 自定义配置文件
    │    ├── store.js                # 仓库基本文件
    └── vue.config.js                # 全局配置文件




4.更换顶部图标

    favicon.ico



5.配置全局css: assets/css/global.css

    html, body {
        margin: 0;
    }


    main.js
        import '@/assets/css/global.css'




6.配置文件:settings.js
 
    export default {
        BASE_HTTP: 'http://localhost:8000'
    }


    main.js
        import settings from '@/settings.js'
        Vue.prototype.$settings = settings;

7.组件方法中访问

created () {
    console.log(this.$settings.BASE_HTTP + '/users/')
}




8.文件改造

    删除文件
        HelloWorld.vue
        About.vue


    Home.vue
        <template>
            <div class="home">
                <h1>主页</h1>
                <hr>
                <el-row>
                    <el-button>默认按钮</el-button>
                    <el-button type="primary">主要按钮</el-button>
                    <el-button type="success">成功按钮</el-button>
                    <el-button type="info">信息按钮</el-button>
                    <el-button type="warning">警告按钮</el-button>
                    <el-button type="danger">危险按钮</el-button>
                </el-row>
            </div>
        </template>

        <script>
            export default {
                name: 'home',
                created() {
                    console.log(this.$settings.BASE_HTTP + '/users/')
                }
            }
        </script>



    App.vue
        <template>
            <div id="app">
                <router-view/>
            </div>
        </template>


    main.js
        import Vue from 'vue'
        import App from './App.vue'
        import router from './router'
        import store from './store'

        Vue.config.productionTip = false;

        // 配置全局css
        import '@/assets/css/global.css'

        // 配置全局settings
        import settings from '@/settings.js'
        Vue.prototype.$settings = settings;

        new Vue({
            router,
            store,
            render: h => h(App)
        }).$mount('#app');


    route.js
        import Vue from 'vue'
        import Router from 'vue-router'
        import Home from './views/Home.vue'

        Vue.use(Router);

        export default new Router({
            mode: 'history',
            base: process.env.BASE_URL,
            routes: [
                {
                    path: '/',
                    name: 'home',
                    component: Home
                }
            ]
        })




9.配置element-ui

    安装
        >: cnpm install element-ui --save


    main.js配置
        import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
        import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
        Vue.use(ElementUI);

 前台主页

## 前端主页

1.App.vue - 根组件


<template>
    <div id="app">
        <router-view/>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: 'App'
    }
</script>


2.Home.vue - 页面组件


<template>
    <div class="home">
        <Header></Header>
        <Banner></Banner>
        <Footer></Footer>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import Header from "@/components/Header"
    import Banner from "@/components/Banner"
    import Footer from "@/components/Footer"

    export default {
        name: "Home",
        data() {
            return {}
        },
        methods: {},
        components: {
            Header,
            Footer,
            Banner,
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>


3.Header.vue - 小组件

<template>
    <div class="header-box">
        <div class="header">
            <div class="content">
                <div class="logo full-left">
                    <router-link to="/"><img @click="jump('/')" src="@/assets/img/logo.svg" alt=""></router-link>
                </div>
                <ul class="nav full-left">
                    <li><span @click="jump('/course')" :class="this_nav=='/course'?'this':''">免费课</span></li>
                    <li><span @click="jump('/light-course')" :class="this_nav=='/light-course'?'this':''">轻课</span></li>
                    <li><span>学位课</span></li>
                    <li><span>题库</span></li>
                    <li><span>老男孩教育</span></li>
                </ul>
                <div class="login-bar full-right">
                    <div class="shop-cart full-left">
                        <img src="@/assets/img/cart.svg" alt="">
                        <span><router-link to="/cart">购物车</router-link></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="login-box full-left">
                        <span>登录</span>
                        &nbsp;|&nbsp;
                        <span>注册</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "Header",
        data() {
            return {
                this_nav: "",
            }
        },
        created() {
            this.this_nav = localStorage.this_nav;
        },
        methods: {
            jump(location) {
                localStorage.this_nav = location;
                // vue-router除了提供router-link标签跳转页面以外,还提供了 js跳转的方式
                this.$router.push(location);
            }
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .header-box {
        height: 80px;
    }

    .header {
        width: 100%;
        height: 80px;
        box-shadow: 0 0.5px 0.5px 0 #c9c9c9;
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        margin: auto;
        z-index: 99;
        background: #fff;
    }

    .header .content {
        max-width: 1200px;
        width: 100%;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .header .content .logo {
        height: 80px;
        line-height: 80px;
        margin-right: 50px;
        cursor: pointer; /* 设置光标的形状为爪子 */
    }

    .header .content .logo img {
        vertical-align: middle;
    }

    .header .nav li {
        float: left;
        height: 80px;
        line-height: 80px;
        margin-right: 30px;
        font-size: 16px;
        color: #4a4a4a;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .header .nav li span {
        padding-bottom: 16px;
        padding-left: 5px;
        padding-right: 5px;
    }

    .header .nav li span a {
        display: inline-block;
    }

    .header .nav li .this {
        color: #4a4a4a;
        border-bottom: 4px solid #ffc210;
    }

    .header .nav li:hover span {
        color: #000;
    }

    .header .login-bar {
        height: 80px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart {
        margin-right: 20px;
        border-radius: 17px;
        background: #f7f7f7;
        cursor: pointer;
        font-size: 14px;
        height: 28px;
        width: 88px;
        margin-top: 30px;
        line-height: 32px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart:hover {
        background: #f0f0f0;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart img {
        width: 15px;
        margin-right: 4px;
        margin-left: 6px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .shop-cart span {
        margin-right: 6px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .login-box {
        margin-top: 33px;
    }

    .header .login-bar .login-box span {
        color: #4a4a4a;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .header .login-bar .login-box span:hover {
        color: #000000;
    }
    /* 工具的全局样式 */
    .full-left {
        float: left !important;
    }

    .full-right {
        float: right !important;
    }

    /*[class*=" el-icon-"], [class^=el-icon-] {
    font-size: 50px;
    }*/

    .el-carousel__arrow {
        width: 120px;
        height: 120px;
    }

    .el-checkbox__input.is-checked .el-checkbox__inner,
    .el-checkbox__input.is-indeterminate .el-checkbox__inner {
        background: #ffc210;
        border-color: #ffc210;
        border: none;
    }

    .el-checkbox__inner:hover {
        border-color: #9b9b9b;
    }

    .el-checkbox__inner {
        width: 16px;
        height: 16px;
        border: 1px solid #9b9b9b;
        border-radius: 0;
    }

    .el-checkbox__inner::after {
        height: 9px;
        width: 5px;
    }
</style>


4.Banner.vue - 小组件

<template>
    <el-carousel height="520px" :interval="3000" arrow="always">
        <el-carousel-item>
            <img src="@/assets/img/banner1.png" alt="">
        </el-carousel-item>
        <el-carousel-item>
            <img src="@/assets/img/banner2.png" alt="">
        </el-carousel-item>
        <el-carousel-item>
            <img src="@/assets/img/banner3.png" alt="">
        </el-carousel-item>
    </el-carousel>
</template>
<!---->
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Banner",
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .el-carousel__item h3 {
        color: #475669;
        font-size: 18px;
        opacity: 0.75;
        line-height: 300px;
        margin: 0;
    }

    .el-carousel__item:nth-child(2n) {
        background-color: #99a9bf;
    }

    .el-carousel__item:nth-child(2n+1) {
        background-color: #d3dce6;
    }
    img {
        text-align: center;
        height: 520px;
    }
</style>


5.Footer.vue - 小组件


<template>
    <div class="footer">
        <ul>
            <li>关于我们</li>
            <li>联系我们</li>
            <li>商务合作</li>
            <li>帮助中心</li>
            <li>意见反馈</li>
            <li>新手指南</li>
        </ul>
        <p>Copyright © luffycity.com版权所有 | 京ICP备17072161号-1</p>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "Footer"
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .footer {
        width: 100%;
        height: 128px;
        background: #25292e;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .footer ul {
        margin: 0 auto 16px;
        padding-top: 38px;
        width: 810px;
    }

    .footer ul li {
        float: left;
        width: 112px;
        margin: 0 10px;
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .footer ul::after {
        content: "";
        display: block;
        clear: both;
    }

    .footer p {
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 12px;
    }
</style>


6.global.css - 全局样式


/* 声明全局样式和项目的初始化样式 */
body, h1, h2, h3, h4, p, table, tr, td, ul, li, a, form, input, select, option, textarea {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: 15px;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #333;
}

ul, li {
    list-style: none;
}

table {
    border-collapse: collapse; /* 合并边框 */
}


7.图片资源见 资料 文件夹

 

 新建home应用

1.apps目录下

>: python ../../manage.py startapp home


2.注册app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
  
    'home'
]


3.注册子路由

    # 主路由:urls.py
    from django.urls import include
    urlpatterns = [

        path('home/', include('home.urls')),
    ]

    # 子路由:home/urls.py
    from django.urls import path, re_path

    urlpatterns = [
        
    ]

 

 home轮播图数据库

1.模型类:home/models.py

from django.db import models
class Banner(models.Model):
    """轮播图"""
    # upload_to 存储子目录,真实存放地址会使用配置中的MADIE_ROOT+upload_to
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='轮播图', null=True, blank=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图名称')
    note = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='备注信息')
    link = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='轮播图广告地址')
    orders = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='显示顺序')
    is_show=models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否上架", default=False)
    is_delete=models.BooleanField(verbose_name="逻辑删除", default=False)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'luffy_banner'
        verbose_name = '轮播图'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


2.数据迁移:外层luffyapi路径下的终端

>: python manage.py makemigrations
>: python manage.py migrate


3.创建序列化类:home/serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Banner
class BannerModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """轮播图序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = Banner
        # 序列化的目的就是反馈给外界,所以指定的字段就行,其他字段用于orm数据的筛选
        fields = ["image", "link"]


4.视图模块:home/views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from .models import Banner
from luffyapi.settings import constant
from .serializers import BannerModelSerializer

class BannerListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = Banner.objects.filter(is_show=True, is_delete=False).order_by("-orders")[:constant.BANNER_LENGTH]
    serializer_class = BannerModelSerializer




5.主路由:urls.py

    urlpatterns = [

        path('home/', include("home.urls")),
    ]


    #子路由:home/urls.py
    urlpatterns = [
       
        path("banners/", views.BannerListAPIView.as_view()),
    ]

分离的前后台交互

前台处理ajax
1.安装axios
    cnpm install axios --save

2.src/main.js配置
    import axios from 'axios'
    Vue.prototype.$axios = axios;


3.axios发生ajax请求
     created() {
                this.$axios({
                    url:this.$settings.BASE_HTTP+'/home/banners/',
                    method:'get',
                }).then(response => {
                    window.console.log(response)
                })
            }



后台处理跨域

1.安装:pip install django-cors-headers模块

2.在settings.py中配置

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        
        'corsheaders'
    ]
3.添加中间件
    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',

    ]


4.允许跨域源
    CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = False
    
5.配置指定跨域域名
    CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = [
        'http://example.com'
    ]

 

posted on 2019-08-21 18:20  柯林伟  阅读(308)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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