servlet过滤器

认识过滤器

•Servlet过滤器本身并不生成请求和响应对象,它只提供过滤作用。

•Servlet过滤器能够在Servlet被调用之前检查Request对象,修改Request Header和Request内容;

•在Servlet被调用之后检查Response对象,修改Response Header和Response内容。Servlet过滤器负责过滤的Web组件可以是Servlet、JSP或HTML文件。

•过滤器的工作流程

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filter接口

•init(FilterConfig):这是Servlet过滤器的初始化方法,Servlet容器创建Servlet过滤器实例后将调用这个方

法。在这个方法中可以读取web.xml 文件中Servlet过滤器的初始化参数

实现:

this.config = config;
blacklist=config.getInitParameter("blacklist");

•doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse,FilterChain):

这个方法完成实际的过滤操作。当客户请求访问与过滤器关联的URL时,Servlet容器将先调用过滤器的doFilter方法。FilterChain参数用于访问后续过滤器。

实现:

HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
//do something
if(...){
    chain.doFilter(req, resp);
}else{
    req.getRequestDispatcher("/someone.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}

•destroy():Servlet容器在销毁过滤器实例前调用该方法,在这个方法中可以释放Servlet过滤器占用的资源

串联的filter

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在web.xml中配置filter

提示:在web.xml文件中,必须先配置Servlet过滤器,再配置Servlet。

url-pattern匹配规则

①完全匹配:以“/”开头,以字母(非“*”)结束

如:<url-pattern>/test/list.do</url-pattern>

②目录匹配:以“/”开头且以“/*”结尾

如:<url-pattern>/test/*</url-pattern>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

③扩展名匹配:以“*.”开头,以扩展名结束

如:<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

④ “/” 用来表明对应的Servlet为应用默认的Servlet。在这种情况下Servlet路径是请求的URI去掉上下文路径并且路径信息为null。

如果我们用filter想过滤某个servlet,其<url-pattern>标签中的内容与servlet中<url-pattern>标签中内容一样。也就是完全匹配。或者在<servlet-name>标签中写servlet的name。

一个filter对应一个url-pattern

<filter>   
    <filter-name>authority</filter-name>   
    <filter-class>com.util.AuthorityFilter</filter-class>  
    <init-param>
        <param-name>blacklist</param-name>
        <param-value>someone</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>   
<filter-mapping>   
     <filter-name>authority</filter-name>   
     <url-pattern>/pages1/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

一个filter对应多个url-pattern

<filter>   
    <filter-name>authority</filter-name>   
    <filter-class>com.util.AuthorityFilter</filter-class>   
</filter>   
<filter-mapping>   
    <filter-name>authority</filter-name>   
    <url-pattern>/pages1/*</url-pattern>   
</filter-mapping>   
<filter-mapping>   
    <filter-name>authority</filter-name>   
    <url-pattern>/pages2/*</url-pattern>   
</filter-mapping>

配置串联的filter

<filter>
    <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
    <filter-class>Filter1</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter>
    <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>Filter2</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/note</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/note</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

编码过滤器

EncodingFilter.java

package com.kl.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.*;

public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
    private FilterConfig config=null;
    private String encoding="";
        
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        this.config=filterConfig;//得到初始化参数
        this.encoding=filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest)request;
        HttpServletResponse resp=(HttpServletResponse)response;
        req.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//改变post方式请求参数的编码
        resp.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//改变响应的编码
        System.out.println("encoding:"+encoding);
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

}

web.xml中的配置

    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.kl.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter>

 

一点说明

此过滤器只能过滤表单post方法的参数编码,如果表单提交用的是get方法,请用下面方式转码

String string = request.getParamers("");
String = new String(string.getBytes("ISO8859-1","utf-8"));
posted @ 2015-08-23 18:12  klguang  阅读(477)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报