python简单搭建HTTP Web服务器
对于Python 2，简单搭建Web服务器，只需在需要搭建Web服务器的目录（如C:/ 或 /home/klchang/）下，输入如下命令：
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080
含义为使用 8080端口的创建Web服务器，可以使用浏览器 http://127.0.0.1:8080 或 将 127.0.0.1 替换为本机的外部IP地址，进行访问。
对于Python 3，其创建Web服务器的等价命令，如下：
python3 -m http.server 8080
补充 - 2018.8.11:
上面的命令，只是简单地实现访问当前目录文件的功能，如果需要增加上传文件功能，则可参考如下的 Python 代码 (只支持 Python 2.x)：
# SimpleHTTPServerWithUpload.py # This code tweaked from https://github.com/tualatrix/tools/blob/master/SimpleHTTPServerWithUpload.py """Simple HTTP Server With Upload. This module builds on BaseHTTPServer by implementing the standard GET and HEAD requests in a fairly straightforward manner. """ __version__ = "0.1" __all__ = ["SimpleHTTPRequestHandler"] __author__ = "bones7456" __home_page__ = "http://li2z.cn/" import os import posixpath import BaseHTTPServer import urllib import cgi import shutil import mimetypes import re try: from cStringIO import StringIO except ImportError: from StringIO import StringIO class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): """Simple HTTP request handler with GET/HEAD/POST commands. This serves files from the current directory and any of its subdirectories. The MIME type for files is determined by calling the .guess_type() method. And can reveive file uploaded by client. The GET/HEAD/POST requests are identical except that the HEAD request omits the actual contents of the file. """ server_version = "SimpleHTTPWithUpload/" + __version__ def do_GET(self): """Serve a GET request.""" f = self.send_head() if f: self.copyfile(f, self.wfile) f.close() def do_HEAD(self): """Serve a HEAD request.""" f = self.send_head() if f: f.close() def do_POST(self): """Serve a POST request.""" r, info = self.deal_post_data() print r, info, "by: ", self.client_address f = StringIO() f.write('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">') f.write("<html>\n<title>Upload Result Page</title>\n") f.write("<body>\n<h2>Upload Result Page</h2>\n") f.write("<hr>\n") if r: f.write("<strong>Success:</strong> ") else: f.write("<strong>Failed:</strong> ") f.write(info) f.write("<br><a href=\"%s\">back</a>" % self.headers['referer']) f.write("<hr><small>Powered By: bones7456, check new version at ") f.write("<a href=\"http://li2z.cn/?s=SimpleHTTPServerWithUpload\">") f.write("here</a>.</small></body>\n</html>\n") length = f.tell() f.seek(0) self.send_response(200) self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html") self.send_header("Content-Length", str(length)) self.end_headers() if f: self.copyfile(f, self.wfile) f.close() def deal_post_data(self): boundary = self.headers.plisttext.split("=")[1] remainbytes = int(self.headers['content-length']) line = self.rfile.readline() remainbytes -= len(line) if not boundary in line: return (False, "Content NOT begin with boundary") line = self.rfile.readline() remainbytes -= len(line) fn = re.findall(r'Content-Disposition.*name="file"; filename="(.*)"', line) if not fn: return (False, "Can't find out file name...") elif not fn[0]: return (False, "No file chosen.") path = self.translate_path(self.path) fn = os.path.join(path, fn[0]) while os.path.exists(fn): fn += "_" line = self.rfile.readline() remainbytes -= len(line) line = self.rfile.readline() remainbytes -= len(line) try: out = open(fn, 'wb') except IOError: return (False, "Can't create file to write, do you have permission to write?") if line.strip(): preline = line else: preline = self.rfile.readline() remainbytes -= len(preline) while remainbytes > 0: line = self.rfile.readline() remainbytes -= len(line) if boundary in line: preline = preline[0:-1] if preline.endswith('\r'): preline = preline[0:-1] out.write(preline) out.close() return (True, "File '%s' upload success!" % fn) else: out.write(preline) preline = line return (False, "Unexpect Ends of data.") def send_head(self): """Common code for GET and HEAD commands. This sends the response code and MIME headers. Return value is either a file object (which has to be copied to the outputfile by the caller unless the command was HEAD, and must be closed by the caller under all circumstances), or None, in which case the caller has nothing further to do. """ path = self.translate_path(self.path) f = None if os.path.isdir(path): if not self.path.endswith('/'): # redirect browser - doing basically what apache does self.send_response(301) self.send_header("Location", self.path + "/") self.end_headers() return None for index in "index.html", "index.htm": index = os.path.join(path, index) if os.path.exists(index): path = index break else: return self.list_directory(path) ctype = self.guess_type(path) try: # Always read in binary mode. Opening files in text mode may cause # newline translations, making the actual size of the content # transmitted *less* than the content-length! f = open(path, 'rb') except IOError: self.send_error(404, "File not found") return None self.send_response(200) self.send_header("Content-type", ctype) fs = os.fstat(f.fileno()) self.send_header("Content-Length", str(fs[6])) self.send_header("Last-Modified", self.date_time_string(fs.st_mtime)) self.end_headers() return f def list_directory(self, path): """Helper to produce a directory listing (absent index.html). Return value is either a file object, or None (indicating an error). In either case, the headers are sent, making the interface the same as for send_head(). """ try: list = os.listdir(path) except os.error: self.send_error(404, "No permission to list directory") return None list.sort(key=lambda a: a.lower()) f = StringIO() displaypath = cgi.escape(urllib.unquote(self.path)) f.write('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">') f.write("<html>\n<title>Directory listing for %s</title>\n" % displaypath) f.write("<body>\n<h2>Directory listing for %s</h2>\n" % displaypath) f.write("<hr>\n") f.write("<form ENCTYPE=\"multipart/form-data\" method=\"post\">") f.write("<input name=\"file\" type=\"file\"/>") f.write("<input type=\"submit\" value=\"upload\"/></form>\n") f.write("<hr>\n<ul>\n") for name in list: fullname = os.path.join(path, name) displayname = linkname = name # Append / for directories or @ for symbolic links if os.path.isdir(fullname): displayname = name + "/" linkname = name + "/" if os.path.islink(fullname): displayname = name + "@" # Note: a link to a directory displays with @ and links with / f.write('<li><a href="%s">%s</a>\n' % (urllib.quote(linkname), cgi.escape(displayname))) f.write("</ul>\n<hr>\n</body>\n</html>\n") length = f.tell() f.seek(0) self.send_response(200) self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html") self.send_header("Content-Length", str(length)) self.end_headers() return f def translate_path(self, path): """Translate a /-separated PATH to the local filename syntax. Components that mean special things to the local file system (e.g. drive or directory names) are ignored. (XXX They should probably be diagnosed.) """ # abandon query parameters path = path.split('?',1)[0] path = path.split('#',1)[0] path = posixpath.normpath(urllib.unquote(path)) words = path.split('/') words = filter(None, words) path = os.getcwd() for word in words: drive, word = os.path.splitdrive(word) head, word = os.path.split(word) if word in (os.curdir, os.pardir): continue path = os.path.join(path, word) return path def copyfile(self, source, outputfile): """Copy all data between two file objects. The SOURCE argument is a file object open for reading (or anything with a read() method) and the DESTINATION argument is a file object open for writing (or anything with a write() method). The only reason for overriding this would be to change the block size or perhaps to replace newlines by CRLF -- note however that this the default server uses this to copy binary data as well. """ shutil.copyfileobj(source, outputfile) def guess_type(self, path): """Guess the type of a file. Argument is a PATH (a filename). Return value is a string of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header. The default implementation looks the file's extension up in the table self.extensions_map, using application/octet-stream as a default; however it would be permissible (if slow) to look inside the data to make a better guess. """ base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path) if ext in self.extensions_map: return self.extensions_map[ext] ext = ext.lower() if ext in self.extensions_map: return self.extensions_map[ext] else: return self.extensions_map[''] if not mimetypes.inited: mimetypes.init() # try to read system mime.types extensions_map = mimetypes.types_map.copy() extensions_map.update({ '': 'application/octet-stream', # Default '.py': 'text/plain', '.c': 'text/plain', '.h': 'text/plain', }) def test(HandlerClass = SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, ServerClass = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer): BaseHTTPServer.test(HandlerClass, ServerClass) if __name__ == '__main__': test()
将其保存为 SimpleHTTPServerWithUpload.py，采用如下方式创建使用 8080 端口的 Web 服务器：
python SimpleHTTPServerWithUpload.py 8080
参考资料：
1、非常简单的Python HTTP服务
http://coolshell.cn/articles/1480.html
2、What is the Python 3 equivalent of “python -m SimpleHTTPServer”
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7943751/what-is-the-python-3-equivalent-of-python-m-simplehttpserver
