使用pyinstaller 打包python脚本为exe程序

  1. 简介
  2. 环境
  3. 实操演示
  4. pyinstaller使用注意的点
使用pyinstaller 实现python脚本打包成exe程序
1. 简介

将python程序打包成exe可执行程序的办法很多，如pyinstaller、py2exe、cx_Freeze等，这里介绍pyinstaller方法

2. 环境

  • window 10 64bit

  • python 3.7.4

  • selenium 3.3.0

  • ChromePortable72

  • chromedriver

3. pyinstall 参数介绍

常用的主要是-F、-p、-i、-w这几个参数。

  • -a：不包含编码.在支持Unicode的python版本上默认包含所有的编码

  • -c：使用控制台子系统执行(默认)(只对Windows有效)

  • -d：产生debug版本的可执行文件

  • -i ：指定打包程序使用的图标(icon)文件

  • -F：打包成可执行程序

  • -h：查看帮助

  • -p：添加使用的第三方库路径

  • -v：查看 PyInstaller 版本

  • -w：取消控制台显示(默认是显示控制台的)

4. 实操演示

pyinstaller提供了两种把.py文件打包成.exe文件的方式：

  1. 第一种，把由.py文件打包而成的.exe文件及相关文件放在一个目录中。

    • 代码打印一个helloworld

    • print("#####开始#####")
print("hello world！")
print("#####结束#####")

    • 成功的结果会看到

    • 打包前demo结构

    • 打包语法：pyinstaller 应用程序

      D:\myproject\demo\example2
$ pyinstaller hello.py
66 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6
67 INFO: Python: 3.7.3
68 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
69 INFO: wrote D:\myproject\demo\example2\hello.spec
117 INFO: UPX is not available.
120 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['D:\\myproject\\demo\\example2', 'D:\\myproject\\demo\\example2']
120 INFO: checking Analysis
121 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
121 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
124 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
133 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
3502 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
3678 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
3681 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
  required by d:\python37\python.exe
4058 INFO: Analyzing D:\myproject\demo\example2\hello.py
4059 INFO: Processing module hooks...
4060 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
4206 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
4207 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
4440 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
4440 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
4447 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
4583 INFO: Looking for eggs
4583 INFO: Using Python library d:\python37\python37.dll
4583 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
4586 INFO: Warnings written to D:\myproject\demo\example2\build\hello\warn-hello.txt
4623 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:\myproject\demo\example2\build\hello\xref-hello.html
4631 INFO: checking PYZ
4631 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
4632 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\myproject\demo\example2\build\hello\PYZ-00.pyz
5195 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\myproject\demo\example2\build\hello\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
5203 INFO: checking PKG
5204 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
5204 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
5220 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 5222 INFO: Bootloader d:\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe
5222 INFO: checking EXE
5222 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
5223 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
5224 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\myproject\demo\example2\build\hello\hello.exe
5227 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
5230 INFO: checking COLLECT
5231 INFO: Building COLLECT because COLLECT-00.toc is non existent
5232 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc
8582 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc completed successfully.

    • 打包后的目录结构，生成两个目录，一个文件

    1. __pycache__ 是python编译产生的文件，可不用关心
2. build 是编译过程中的中间产物
3. dist是最终可执行程序目录
4. spec文件是类似缓存，如果你第二次打包，则需要先把spec删掉，否则第二次打包会受影响

    • 执行我们打包好的hello.exe，直接拖到cmd下回车即可

    到这里第一种打包方式就介绍完了，比较简单。

  2. 第二种，把谷歌浏览器和第三方库selenium和我们的python程序打包进一个独立的.exe格式的可执行文件。

    • 要打包的demo的目录结构

    • 打包

      $ pyinstaller -F -p selenium -p ChromePortable72\ChromePortable.exe demo.py -i favicon.ico

    D:\myproject\demo\example
$ pyinstaller -F -p selenium -p ChromePortable72\ChromePortable.exe demo.py -i favicon.ico
56 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6
57 INFO: Python: 3.7.3
58 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
59 INFO: wrote D:\myproject\demo\example\demo.spec
111 INFO: UPX is not available.
112 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['D:\\myproject\\demo\\example',
 'D:\\myproject\\demo\\example\\selenium',
 'D:\\myproject\\demo\\example\\ChromePortable72\\ChromePortable.exe',

 'D:\\myproject\\demo\\example']
114 INFO: checking Analysis
114 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
115 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
118 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
126 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
3355 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
3477 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
3479 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
  required by d:\python37\python.exe
3876 INFO: Analyzing D:\myproject\demo\example\demo.py
4847 INFO: Processing module hooks...
4848 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
5008 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
5009 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-selenium.py"...
5018 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"...
5019 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
5032 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
5041 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
5048 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
5226 INFO: Looking for eggs
5227 INFO: Using Python library d:\python37\python37.dll
5227 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
5230 INFO: Warnings written to D:\myproject\demo\example\build\demo\warn-demo.txt
5274 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:\myproject\demo\example\build\demo\xref-demo.html
5284 INFO: checking PYZ
5285 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
5285 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\myproject\demo\example\build\demo\PYZ-00.pyz
6054 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:\myproject\demo\example\build\demo\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
6065 INFO: checking PKG
6065 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
6065 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
7997 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 8000 INFO: Bootloader d:\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe
8001 INFO: checking EXE
8001 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
8001 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
8003 INFO: Copying icons from ['favicon.ico']
8004 INFO: Writing RT_GROUP_ICON 0 resource with 20 bytes
8005 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 1 resource with 67624 bytes
8010 INFO: Updating manifest in D:\myproject\demo\example\build\demo\run.exe.hbxskavy
8011 INFO: Updating resource type 24 name 1 language 0
8015 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\myproject\demo\example\dist\demo.exe
8024 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

    • 打包后demo目录结构

    • 看下exe程序小图标是不是自己指定的kpc

    • 运行exe

    到这里，第二种打包方法也成功了。

5. pyinstaller使用注意的点
  • pyinstaller也只能在当前操作系统中运行，比如你用mac只能打包出mac上的可执行脚本，要是你想打包出windwos电脑上的可执行程序，你就要用windows执行打包命令。
  • 如果你的脚本文件中包含其他脚本，比如hello.py包含自定义脚本(world.py)或是系统脚本(sys.py)：则需要在打包的时候加上其他脚本的路径。
通过-p指定第三方包的路径，一条路径对应一个-p
eg：pyinstaller -F -p C:\SystemLib\site-packages -p C:\MyLib Hello.py
  • 执行一次打包命令通常会生成两个目录一个附件，分别是build、dist、和xx.spec。build是编译过程中的中间产物，dist是最终可执行程序目录，spec文件是类似缓存，如果你第二次打包，则需要先把spec删掉，否则第二次打包会受影响。
posted @ 2022-04-05 19:07  我是一言  阅读(344)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报