最大流问题
问题描述：
最大流问题的一个基本描述：如下图所示，s是源点，t为汇点，每条边上数字的含义是边能够允许流过的最大流量。可以将边看成管道，0/3代表该管道每秒最多能通过3个单位的流量，0代表当前流量。最大流问题即是说，从s点到t点，最大允许流量是多少？
相关算法：
Let G(V,E) be a graph, and for each edge from u to v, let c(u,v) be the capacity and f(u,v) be the flow. We want to find the maximum flow from the source s to the sink t. After every step in the algorithm the following is maintained:
This means that the flow through the network is a legal flow after each round in the algorithm. We define the residual network G_f(V,E_f) to be the network with capacity c_f(u,v) = c(u,v) - f(u,v) and no flow. Notice that it can happen that a flow from v to u is allowed in the residual network, though disallowed in the original network: if f(u,v)>0 and c(v,u)=0 then c_f(v,u)=c(v,u)-f(v,u)=f(u,v)>0. Algorithm Ford–Fulkerson：
The path in step 2 can be found with for example a breadth-first search or a depth-first search in. If you use the former, the algorithm is called Edmonds–Karp（EK）.be found, s will not be able to reach t in the residual network. If S is the set of nodes reachable by s in the residual network, then the total capacity in the original network of edges from S to the remainder of V is on the one hand equal to the total flow we found from s to t, and on the other hand serves as an upper bound for all such flows. This proves that the flow we found is maximal. See also Max-flow Min-cut theorem.
以上来自维基百科
总的来说，算法的思想是比较清晰的，就是说我们每次都在残量图中尝试找到一条新的增广路，并取这条增广路上的最小的残量做为新的将流入的流量，并用这个残量更新残量图（也就是把每边的流量更新）。找增广路的方法，可以用bfs,也就是使用queue来找（直接画一个图就理解为什么要用queue了，dfs是用stack,记住找过的点都是要标记的，且不会重复进入queue），每次都找出一条有最短残量的增广路
代码：
queue<int> q;
memset(flow, o, sizeof(flow); //零流
f = 0; //保存当前总流量
while(1) {
memset(a, o, sizoeof(a));
a[s] = INF;
q.push(s);
while(!q.empty()) { //bfs 找增广路
int u = q.front();
q.pop();
for(int v = 1; v <= n; v++) {
if(!a[v] && cap[u][v] > flow[u][v]) { //已经找过的点就不用再找了， a[v]同时直到了标记的作用，找新结点
p[v] = u; //记录V的父亲，后面要用于反向更新流量图
q.push(v);
a[v] = a[u] < cap[u][v] - flow[u][v] ? a[u] : cap[u][v] - flow[u][v]; //找S-V上的最小的残量
}
}
}
if(a[t] = 0) //已经没有增广路了
break;
//并不是所有的两个点之间都有正向和反向，只有当两个点之间有两个方向的注入时才有，可以在初始化时，把没有的方向修改了容量为0
for( int u = t; u != s; u = p[u]) {
flow[p[u]][u] += a[t]; //更新正向流量 要保证满足注入这个点的流量等于输出这个点的流量
flow[u][p[u]] -= a[t]; //更新反向流量
}
f += a[t];
}
参考网站：
http://blog.csdn.net/smartxxyx/article/details/9293665/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford–Fulkerson_algorithm
