vuex的一些学习
刚开始学vuex看文档看的一脸懵逼,故而网上各种查找资料,视频去观看学习,虽然看了很多还是很蒙圈,最近看了一个讲vuex的视频还有一个 类似的简书文档从中学到了很多,慢慢理清了头绪,至此记录一下,共同学习共同进步。。。
1、安装下载vuex npm install vuex --save
2、我们先来了解一下vuex官网的一些介绍,有一个流程图很形象的介绍了vuex中的各种属性直接的联系,以及vuex主要的作用
这个图刚开始我是看不懂的,不是很明白他们之间的关系,现在就来梳理一下
一、如何引入vuex
前面我们安装了vuex,但是如何引入呢?
首先我们现在文件夹目录下建一个store文件夹,然后再建一个store.js文件,在这个文件里面引入vuex
//store.js
import Vue from 'vue' import Vuex from 'vuex' Vue.use(Vuex)
然后在main.js文件里面引入store.js文件,就可以使用vuex了
//main.js
import Vue from 'vue' import App from './App.vue' import {store} from './store/store' new Vue({ store:store, el: '#app', render: h => h(App) })
二、先来看一下没用vuex进行数据传递的代码,这个使用父子之间的props进行传值
//App.vue中的初始化代码
<template>
<div id="app">
<product-list-one v-bind:products="products"></product-list-one>
<product-list-two v-bind:products="products"></product-list-two>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import ProductListOne from './components/ProductListOne.vue'
import ProductListTwo from './components/ProductListTwo.vue'
export default {
name: 'app',
components: {
'product-list-one': ProductListOne,
'product-list-two': ProductListTwo
},
data () {
return {
products: [
{name:'权杖',price:800},
{name:'纪梵希',price:400},
{name:'迪奥',price:360},
{name:'圣罗兰',price:320},
]
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
body{
font-family: Ubuntu;
color: #555;
}
</style>
//ProductListOne.vue
<template>
<div id="product-list-one">
<h2>Product List One</h2>
<ul>
<li v-for="product in products">
<span class="name">{{ product.name }}</span>
<span class="price">${{ product.price }}</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: ['products'],
data () {
return {
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
#product-list-one{
background: #FFF8B1;
box-shadow: 1px 2px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
margin-bottom: 30px;
padding: 10px 20px;
}
#product-list-one ul{
padding: 0;
}
#product-list-one li{
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 10px;
margin-top: 10px;
padding: 20px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
}
.price{
font-weight: bold;
color: #E8800C;
}
</style>
//ProductListTwo.vue
<template>
<div id="product-list-two">
<h2>Product List Two</h2>
<ul>
<li v-for="product in products">
<span class="name">{{ product.name }}</span>
<span class="price">${{ product.price }}</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: ['products'],
data () {
return {
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
#product-list-two{
background: #D1E4FF;
box-shadow: 1px 2px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
margin-bottom: 30px;
padding: 10px 20px;
}
#product-list-two ul{
padding: 0;
list-style-type: none;
}
#product-list-two li{
margin-right: 10px;
margin-top: 10px;
padding: 20px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
}
.price{
font-weight: bold;
color: #860CE8;
display: block;
}
</style>
属性一:State
这个属性简单的说就是放数据的用的容器,你可以把你需要公用的数据放到这个属性里面,然后在每个需要的页面用store.state.products去调用它,代码如下
//store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export const store = new Vuex.Store({
state:{
products:[
{name:'权杖',price:800},
{name:'纪梵希',price:400},
{name:'迪奥',price:360},
{name:'圣罗兰',price:320},
]
}
})
当然,我们用了vuex中的state相应的组件ProductListOne和ProductListTwo也要相应改变,两个文件需要改的都一样
<template>
<div id="product-list-one">
<h2>Product List One</h2>
<ul>
<li v-for="product in saleProducts">
<span class="name">{{product.name}}</span>
<span class="price">${{product.price}}</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data () {
return {
saleProducts : this.$store.state.products //获取store中state的数据
}
}
}
</script>
属性二:Getters
这个属性就相当于一个方法去改变数据,这里我让每个数据都打八折,代码如下
//store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export const store = new Vuex.Store({
state:{
products:[
{name:'权杖',price:800},
{name:'纪梵希',price:400},
{name:'迪奥',price:360},
{name:'圣罗兰',price:320},
]
},
getters:{
salesProducts:(state)=>{
var salesProducts = state.products.map(
product=>{
return{
name:'**'+product.name+'**',
price:product.price*0.8
};
});
return salesProducts;
}
},
})
<!-- productListTwo.vue -->
<script>
export default {
/* data () {
return {
saleProducts : this.$store.state.products //获取store中state的数据
}
}*/
computed:{
salesProducts(){
return this.$store.getters.salesProducts;//使用getters调取改变的数据
}
}
}
</script>
属性三:Mutations
该属性主要是用于你触发事件是需要使用Mutations,如果我们需要实现点击降价的话,就需要这个属性,调用this.$store.commit('')
//store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export const store = new Vuex.Store({
state:{
products:[
{name:'权杖',price:800},
{name:'纪梵希',price:400},
{name:'迪奥',price:360},
{name:'圣罗兰',price:320},
]
},
getters:{
salesProducts:(state)=>{
var salesProducts = state.products.map(
product=>{
return{
name:'**'+product.name+'**',
price:product.price*0.8
};
});
return salesProducts;
}
},
mutations:{
reducePrice:state=>{
state.products.forEach(product=>{
product.price-=10;
})
}
}
})
<template>
<div id="product-list-one">
<h2>Product List One</h2>
<ul>
<li v-for="product in salesProducts">
<span class="name">{{product.name}}</span>
<span class="price">${{product.price}}</span>
</li>
</ul>
<button @click="reducePrice">商品打折</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
/*data () {
return {
saleProducts : this.$store.state.products //获取store中state的数据
}
},*/
computed:{
salesProducts(){
return this.$store.getters.salesProducts;
/*var saleProducts = this.$store.state.products.map(
product=>{
return{
name:'**'+product.name+'**',
price:product.price*0.8
}
})
return saleProducts;*/
}
},
methods:{
reducePrice:function(){
/*this.$store.state.products.forEach(product=>{
product.price-=10;
})*/
this.$store.commit('reducePrice');
}
}
}
</script>
属性四:Actions
该属性类似Mutations不同的是:$store.dispatch("",amount)
Actions提交Mutations,
Actions可以同时提交异步的方法
//store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export const store = new Vuex.Store({
state:{
products:[
{name:'权杖',price:800},
{name:'纪梵希',price:400},
{name:'迪奥',price:360},
{name:'圣罗兰',price:320},
]
},
getters:{
salesProducts:(state)=>{
var salesProducts = state.products.map(
product=>{
return{
name:'**'+product.name+'**',
price:product.price*0.6
};
});
return salesProducts;
}
},
mutations:{
reducePrice:(state,payload)=>{
state.products.forEach(product=>{
product.price-=payload;
})
}
},
actions:{
reducePrice:(context,payload)=>{
context.commit("reducePrice",payload);
}
}
})
methods:{
reducePrice:function(amount){
/*this.$store.state.products.forEach(product=>{
product.price-=10;
})*/
//this.$store.commit('reducePrice');
this.$store.dispatch("reducePrice",amount);//dispatch分发
}
}
属性五:mapGetters,mapActions
先安装 npm install babel--preset-stage-2 --save-dev
然后在你需要的页面引入mapGetters,mapActions,这个主要是用在你的store.js里面可能有很多个Getters和Actions时,比较方便简洁的一种写法
<script>
import {mapGetters} from "vuex" //引入mapGetters
import {mapActions} from "vuex" //引入mapActions
export default {
computed:{
...mapGetters([
"salesProducts"
])
},
methods:{
...mapActions([
"reducePrice"
])
}
}
</script>