NFS搭建与配置
NFS应用场景是：A,B,C三台机器上需要保证被访问到的文件是一样的，A共享数据出来，B和C分别去挂载A共享的数据目录，从而B和C访问到的数据和A上的一致性
172.131.1.135 服务器端
172.131.1.137 客户端端
1.服务器安装
[root@localhost~]# yum install -y nfs-utils rpcbind
查看端口：
root@localhost]# netstat -lntp
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1783/rpc.mountd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:34099 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2263/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1344/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 841/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2041/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1216/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::60943 :::* LISTEN 1216/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1783/rpc.mountd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1344/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 841/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2041/master
tcp6 0 0 :::40826 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN -
启动nfs服务
[root@localhost ]# systemctl start nfs
root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nfs
nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/nfs-server.service.d
└─order-with-mounts.conf
Active: active (exited) since 四 2017-11-16 15:22:31 CST; 18min ago
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep nfs
root 1874 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks]
root 1890 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1891 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1892 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1893 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1894 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1895 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1896 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 1897 2 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
[root@iZbp1a7wyzv7b3ujsfphj2Z nfsdir]# netstat -lntp
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1783/rpc.mountd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:34099 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2263/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1344/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 841/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2041/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40037 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1216/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::60943 :::* LISTEN 1216/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1783/rpc.mountd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1344/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 841/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2041/master
tcp6 0 0 :::40826 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN -
rpc的服务也跟着带起来：
[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux|grep rpc
root 397 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 15:22 0:00 [rpciod]
root 540 0.0 0.0 17148 392 ? Ss 15:22 0:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.idmapd
rpcuser 1216 0.0 0.0 44448 1824 ? Ss 15:22 0:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.statd
rpc 1695 0.0 0.0 64948 1436 ? Ss 15:22 0:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
root 1783 0.0 0.1 42992 2124 ? Ss 15:22 0:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd
root 4011 0.0 0.0 112668 972 pts/0 R+ 15:42 0:00 grep --color=auto rpc
开机自启动：
[root@localhost nfsdir]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@localhost nfsdir]# systemctl enable nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.
准备共享的文件夹
root@localhost nfsdir]# chmod 777 /nfs/nfsdir
最关键的就是修改nfs的配置文件：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports
/nfs/nfsdir 172.31.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
相关参数：
rw 读写
ro 只读
sync 同步模式，内存数据实时写入磁盘 速度很快但是会降低磁盘效率
async 非同步模式 能保证磁盘效率 但是如果服务器断电，会造成数据丢失
no_root_squash 客户端挂载NFS共享目录后，root用户不受约束，权限很大
root_squash 与上面选项相对，客户端上的root用户收到约束，被限定成某个普通用户
all_squash 客户端上所有用户在使用NFS共享目录时都被限定为一个普通用户
anonuid/anongid 和上面几个选项搭配使用，定义被限定用户的uid和gid
2.NFS服务器端的配置：
[root@localhost~]# yum install nfs-utils
[root@localhost~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost~]# systemctl status rpcbind
rpcbind.service - RPC bind service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; indirect; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 四 2017-11-16 13:24:06 CST; 5s ago
[root@localhost python_practice]# showmount -e 172.31.1.135
clnt_create: RPC: Port mapper failure - Unable to receive: errno 113 (No route to host)
这是因为开启了防火墙
[root@localhost python_practice]# systemctl status firewalld
firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2017-09-26 21:42:06 CST; 1 months 20 days ago
root@localhost python_practice]# systemctl stop firewalld
需要关闭两边的防火墙和getenforce
[root@localhost python_practice]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@localhost python_practice]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost python_practice]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@localhost python_practice]# showmount -e 172.131.1.135
clnt_create: RPC: Port mapper failure - Timed out
原因是2台机器都叫默认名localhost.localhost
修改2台服务器的名：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname "centos7-137"
另外一台是类似的命令
再进行查看：
oot@localhost nfsdir]# showmount -e 172.31.1.135
Export list for 172.31.1.135:
/nfs/nfsdir 172.31.1.0/24
最关键的是这一步：
[root@localhost nfsdir]# mount -t nfs 172.31.1.135:/nfs/nfsdir /pubdir/nfsdir
其中/nfs/nfsdir是135准备共享的目录，/pubdir/nfsdir是137上对应查看的目录
[root@localhost nfsdir]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 38G 5.9G 32G 16% /
devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 9.0M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 156M 41M 80% /boot
tmpfs 183M 24K 183M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
172.31.1.135:/nfs/nfsdir 38G 13G 25G 35% /pubdir/nfsdir
测试：
在135上新建一个文件：
[root@localhost nfsdir]# touch kingleoric.txt
[root@localhost nfsdir]# pwd
/nfs/nfsdir
在137上查看该文件已生成：
[root@localhost nfsdir]# cd /pubdir/nfsdir
[root@localhost nfsdir]# ls
kingleoric.txt
