GreenPlum 大数据平台--基础使用(一)

一,操作语法

  01,创建数据库

[gpadmin@greenplum01 ~]$ createdb testDB -E utf-8
--创建用户--
[gpadmin@greenplum01 ~]$ export PGDATABASE=testDB
--指定数据库名字
[gpadmin@greenplum01 ~]$  psql
--连接本地数据库
psql (8.3.23)
Type "help" for help.

testDB=# SELECT version();
                                                                                               version

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 8.3.23 (Greenplum Database 5.16.0 build commit:23cec7df0406d69d6552a4bbb77035dba4d7dd44) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, co
mpiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 6.2.0, 64-bit compiled on Jan 16 2019 02:32:15
(1 row)

  02,使用说明

postgres=# \h create view;
Command:     CREATE VIEW
Description: define a new view
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
    AS query

postgres=# \h create
Command:     CREATE AGGREGATE
Description: define a new aggregate function
Syntax:
CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
.....
---\h 为语句的使用说明书

  03,建表语句

--语法查询
\h create table
--创建表
create table test001(id int,name varchar(128)); --id 为分布键
create table test002(id int,name varchar(128)) distributed by (id); --同上



create table test003(id int,name varchar(128)) distributed by (id,name) --多个分布键

create table test004(id int,name varchar(128)) distributed randomly; --随机分布键



create table test005(id int primary,name varchar(128));
create table test006(id int unique,name varchar(128));

create table test007(id int unique,name varchar(128)) distributed by (id,name);



---创建一模一样的 表
create table test_like (like test001);

  04,插入语句 

  执行insert语句注意分布键不要为空,否则分布键默认变成null',数据都被保存到一个节点上会导致分布不均

insert into test001 values (100,'tom'),(101,'lily'),(102,'jack'),(103,'linda');

insert into test002 values (200,'tom'),(101,'lily'),(202,'jack'),(103,'linda');

  05,更新语句

  不能批量对分布键执行update,因为分布键执行update需要将数据重分布.

update test002 set id=203 where id=202;

  06,删除语句delete--truncate

delete 删除整张表比较慢,所以建议使用truncate

truncate test001;

  07,查询语句

postgres=# select * from test2;
 id  | name
-----+------
 102 | zxc
 203 | rty
 105 | bnm
 101 | qwe
 201 | asd
 204 | dfg
(6 rows)

  08,执行计划

postgres=# select * from test1 x,test2 y where x.id=y.id;
 id  | name | id  | name
-----+------+-----+------
 101 | lily | 101 | qwe
 102 | jack | 102 | zxc
(2 rows)
postgres=# explain select * from test1 x,test2 y where x.id=y.id;
                                              QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Gather Motion 8:1  (slice2; segments: 8)  (cost=0.00..862.00 rows=4 width=17)
   ->  Hash Join  (cost=0.00..862.00 rows=1 width=17)
         Hash Cond: test1.id = test2.id
         ->  Table Scan on test1  (cost=0.00..431.00 rows=1 width=9)
         ->  Hash  (cost=431.00..431.00 rows=1 width=8)
               ->  Redistribute Motion 8:8  (slice1; segments: 8)  (cost=0.00..431.00 rows=1 width=8)
                     Hash Key: test2.id
                     ->  Table Scan on test2  (cost=0.00..431.00 rows=1 width=8)
 Optimizer status: PQO version 3.21.0
(9 rows)

二,常用数据类型

  1.数值类型

  02,字符类型

 

  03,时间类型

三,常用函数

  1,字符串函数

--
postgres=# VALUES ('hello|world!'),('greenplum|database');
      column1
--------------------
 hello|world!
 greenplum|database
(2 rows)

--
postgres=# SELECT substr('hello world!',2,3);
 substr
--------
 ell
(1 row)

--
postgres=# SELECT position('world' in 'hello world!');
 position
----------
        7
(1 row)

  2,时间函数

postgres=# SELECT now(),current_date,current_time,current_timestamp;
              now              |    date    |       timetz       |              now
-------------------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------------------------
 2019-03-17 22:26:58.330843-04 | 2019-03-17 | 22:26:58.330843-04 | 2019-03-17 22:26:58.330843-04
(1 row)

  3,数值计算

四,其他函数

  1,序列号生成函数——generate_series

postgres=# SELECT * from generate_series(6,10);
 generate_series
-----------------
               6
               7
               8
               9
              10
(5 rows)
语法: generate_series(x,y,t) 

生成多行数据从x到另外y,步长为t,默认是1

   2,字符串列转行——string_agg

string_agg(str,symbol [order by str])
(按照某字段排序)将str列转行,以symbol分隔

  3,字符串行转列——regexp_split_to_table

 

把转成行的数据变成列数据

 

  4,hash函数——md5,hashbpchar

  md5的hash算法精度为128位,返回一个字符串
  Hashbpchar的精度是32位,返回一个integer类型

postgres=# SELECT md5('admin')
postgres-# ;
               md5
----------------------------------
 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3
(1 row)

postgres=# SELECT hashbpchar('admin');
 hashbpchar
-------------
 -2087781708
(1 row)

 

posted on 2019-03-18 10:37  kingle-l  阅读(3823)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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