Delphi 10.3实现Android App的动态权限申请
Delphi 10.3 RIO发布近两个月,针对Google Play的要求,完美实现了对Android 8的支持,即对Android API Level 26的支持。这支持当中,最主要的得算是动态申请应用权限,现在我们来看看,如何在自己的app中动态申请权限?
下面的代码,是10.3封装的Android权限列表,这些权限,我们都可以动态申请。
{class} property ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES: JString read _GetACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES;
{class} property ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION: JString read _GetACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
{class} property ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: JString read _GetACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
{class} property ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS: JString read _GetACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS;
{class} property ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE: JString read _GetACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
{class} property ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY: JString read _GetACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY;
{class} property ACCESS_WIFI_STATE: JString read _GetACCESS_WIFI_STATE;
{class} property ACCOUNT_MANAGER: JString read _GetACCOUNT_MANAGER;
{class} property ADD_VOICEMAIL: JString read _GetADD_VOICEMAIL;
{class} property ANSWER_PHONE_CALLS: JString read _GetANSWER_PHONE_CALLS;
{class} property BATTERY_STATS: JString read _GetBATTERY_STATS;
{class} property BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_APPWIDGET: JString read _GetBIND_APPWIDGET;
{class} property BIND_AUTOFILL_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_AUTOFILL_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_CARRIER_MESSAGING_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_CARRIER_MESSAGING_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_CARRIER_SERVICES: JString read _GetBIND_CARRIER_SERVICES;
{class} property BIND_CHOOSER_TARGET_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_CHOOSER_TARGET_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_CONDITION_PROVIDER_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_CONDITION_PROVIDER_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN: JString read _GetBIND_DEVICE_ADMIN;
{class} property BIND_DREAM_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_DREAM_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_INCALL_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_INCALL_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_INPUT_METHOD: JString read _GetBIND_INPUT_METHOD;
{class} property BIND_MIDI_DEVICE_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_MIDI_DEVICE_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_NFC_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_NFC_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_PRINT_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_PRINT_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_QUICK_SETTINGS_TILE: JString read _GetBIND_QUICK_SETTINGS_TILE;
{class} property BIND_REMOTEVIEWS: JString read _GetBIND_REMOTEVIEWS;
{class} property BIND_SCREENING_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_SCREENING_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_TELECOM_CONNECTION_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_TELECOM_CONNECTION_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_TEXT_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_TEXT_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_TV_INPUT: JString read _GetBIND_TV_INPUT;
{class} property BIND_VISUAL_VOICEMAIL_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_VISUAL_VOICEMAIL_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_VOICE_INTERACTION: JString read _GetBIND_VOICE_INTERACTION;
{class} property BIND_VPN_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_VPN_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_VR_LISTENER_SERVICE: JString read _GetBIND_VR_LISTENER_SERVICE;
{class} property BIND_WALLPAPER: JString read _GetBIND_WALLPAPER;
{class} property BLUETOOTH: JString read _GetBLUETOOTH;
{class} property BLUETOOTH_ADMIN: JString read _GetBLUETOOTH_ADMIN;
{class} property BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED: JString read _GetBLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED;
{class} property BODY_SENSORS: JString read _GetBODY_SENSORS;
{class} property BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED: JString read _GetBROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED;
{class} property BROADCAST_SMS: JString read _GetBROADCAST_SMS;
{class} property BROADCAST_STICKY: JString read _GetBROADCAST_STICKY;
{class} property BROADCAST_WAP_PUSH: JString read _GetBROADCAST_WAP_PUSH;
{class} property CALL_PHONE: JString read _GetCALL_PHONE;
{class} property CALL_PRIVILEGED: JString read _GetCALL_PRIVILEGED;
{class} property CAMERA: JString read _GetCAMERA;
{class} property CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT: JString read _GetCAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT;
{class} property CAPTURE_SECURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT: JString read _GetCAPTURE_SECURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT;
{class} property CAPTURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT: JString read _GetCAPTURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT;
{class} property CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE: JString read _GetCHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE;
{class} property CHANGE_CONFIGURATION: JString read _GetCHANGE_CONFIGURATION;
{class} property CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE: JString read _GetCHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
{class} property CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE: JString read _GetCHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE;
{class} property CHANGE_WIFI_STATE: JString read _GetCHANGE_WIFI_STATE;
{class} property CLEAR_APP_CACHE: JString read _GetCLEAR_APP_CACHE;
{class} property CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES: JString read _GetCONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES;
{class} property DELETE_CACHE_FILES: JString read _GetDELETE_CACHE_FILES;
{class} property DELETE_PACKAGES: JString read _GetDELETE_PACKAGES;
{class} property DIAGNOSTIC: JString read _GetDIAGNOSTIC;
{class} property DISABLE_KEYGUARD: JString read _GetDISABLE_KEYGUARD;
{class} property DUMP: JString read _GetDUMP;
{class} property EXPAND_STATUS_BAR: JString read _GetEXPAND_STATUS_BAR;
{class} property FACTORY_TEST: JString read _GetFACTORY_TEST;
{class} property GET_ACCOUNTS: JString read _GetGET_ACCOUNTS;
{class} property GET_ACCOUNTS_PRIVILEGED: JString read _GetGET_ACCOUNTS_PRIVILEGED;
{class} property GET_PACKAGE_SIZE: JString read _GetGET_PACKAGE_SIZE;
{class} property GET_TASKS: JString read _GetGET_TASKS;
{class} property GLOBAL_SEARCH: JString read _GetGLOBAL_SEARCH;
{class} property INSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER: JString read _GetINSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER;
{class} property INSTALL_PACKAGES: JString read _GetINSTALL_PACKAGES;
{class} property INSTALL_SHORTCUT: JString read _GetINSTALL_SHORTCUT;
{class} property INSTANT_APP_FOREGROUND_SERVICE: JString read _GetINSTANT_APP_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
{class} property INTERNET: JString read _GetINTERNET;
{class} property KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES: JString read _GetKILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES;
{class} property LOCATION_HARDWARE: JString read _GetLOCATION_HARDWARE;
{class} property MANAGE_DOCUMENTS: JString read _GetMANAGE_DOCUMENTS;
{class} property MANAGE_OWN_CALLS: JString read _GetMANAGE_OWN_CALLS;
{class} property MASTER_CLEAR: JString read _GetMASTER_CLEAR;
{class} property MEDIA_CONTENT_CONTROL: JString read _GetMEDIA_CONTENT_CONTROL;
{class} property MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS: JString read _GetMODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS;
{class} property MODIFY_PHONE_STATE: JString read _GetMODIFY_PHONE_STATE;
{class} property MOUNT_FORMAT_FILESYSTEMS: JString read _GetMOUNT_FORMAT_FILESYSTEMS;
{class} property MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS: JString read _GetMOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS;
{class} property NFC: JString read _GetNFC;
{class} property PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS: JString read _GetPACKAGE_USAGE_STATS;
{class} property PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY: JString read _GetPERSISTENT_ACTIVITY;
{class} property PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS: JString read _GetPROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS;
{class} property READ_CALENDAR: JString read _GetREAD_CALENDAR;
{class} property READ_CALL_LOG: JString read _GetREAD_CALL_LOG;
{class} property READ_CONTACTS: JString read _GetREAD_CONTACTS;
{class} property READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: JString read _GetREAD_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
{class} property READ_FRAME_BUFFER: JString read _GetREAD_FRAME_BUFFER;
{class} property READ_INPUT_STATE: JString read _GetREAD_INPUT_STATE;
{class} property READ_LOGS: JString read _GetREAD_LOGS;
{class} property READ_PHONE_NUMBERS: JString read _GetREAD_PHONE_NUMBERS;
{class} property READ_PHONE_STATE: JString read _GetREAD_PHONE_STATE;
{class} property READ_SMS: JString read _GetREAD_SMS;
{class} property READ_SYNC_SETTINGS: JString read _GetREAD_SYNC_SETTINGS;
{class} property READ_SYNC_STATS: JString read _GetREAD_SYNC_STATS;
{class} property READ_VOICEMAIL: JString read _GetREAD_VOICEMAIL;
{class} property REBOOT: JString read _GetREBOOT;
{class} property RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED: JString read _GetRECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED;
{class} property RECEIVE_MMS: JString read _GetRECEIVE_MMS;
{class} property RECEIVE_SMS: JString read _GetRECEIVE_SMS;
{class} property RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH: JString read _GetRECEIVE_WAP_PUSH;
{class} property RECORD_AUDIO: JString read _GetRECORD_AUDIO;
{class} property REORDER_TASKS: JString read _GetREORDER_TASKS;
{class} property REQUEST_COMPANION_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND: JString read _GetREQUEST_COMPANION_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND;
{class} property REQUEST_COMPANION_USE_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND: JString read _GetREQUEST_COMPANION_USE_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND;
{class} property REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES: JString read _GetREQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES;
{class} property REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS: JString read _GetREQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS;
{class} property REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES: JString read _GetREQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES;
{class} property RESTART_PACKAGES: JString read _GetRESTART_PACKAGES;
{class} property SEND_RESPOND_VIA_MESSAGE: JString read _GetSEND_RESPOND_VIA_MESSAGE;
{class} property SEND_SMS: JString read _GetSEND_SMS;
{class} property SET_ALARM: JString read _GetSET_ALARM;
{class} property SET_ALWAYS_FINISH: JString read _GetSET_ALWAYS_FINISH;
{class} property SET_ANIMATION_SCALE: JString read _GetSET_ANIMATION_SCALE;
{class} property SET_DEBUG_APP: JString read _GetSET_DEBUG_APP;
{class} property SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS: JString read _GetSET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS;
{class} property SET_PROCESS_LIMIT: JString read _GetSET_PROCESS_LIMIT;
{class} property SET_TIME: JString read _GetSET_TIME;
{class} property SET_TIME_ZONE: JString read _GetSET_TIME_ZONE;
{class} property SET_WALLPAPER: JString read _GetSET_WALLPAPER;
{class} property SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS: JString read _GetSET_WALLPAPER_HINTS;
{class} property SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES: JString read _GetSIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES;
{class} property STATUS_BAR: JString read _GetSTATUS_BAR;
{class} property SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW: JString read _GetSYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW;
{class} property TRANSMIT_IR: JString read _GetTRANSMIT_IR;
{class} property UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT: JString read _GetUNINSTALL_SHORTCUT;
{class} property UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS: JString read _GetUPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
{class} property USE_FINGERPRINT: JString read _GetUSE_FINGERPRINT;
{class} property USE_SIP: JString read _GetUSE_SIP;
{class} property VIBRATE: JString read _GetVIBRATE;
{class} property WAKE_LOCK: JString read _GetWAKE_LOCK;
{class} property WRITE_APN_SETTINGS: JString read _GetWRITE_APN_SETTINGS;
{class} property WRITE_CALENDAR: JString read _GetWRITE_CALENDAR;
{class} property WRITE_CALL_LOG: JString read _GetWRITE_CALL_LOG;
{class} property WRITE_CONTACTS: JString read _GetWRITE_CONTACTS;
{class} property WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: JString read _GetWRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
{class} property WRITE_GSERVICES: JString read _GetWRITE_GSERVICES;
{class} property WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS: JString read _GetWRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS;
{class} property WRITE_SETTINGS: JString read _GetWRITE_SETTINGS;
{class} property WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS: JString read _GetWRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS;
{class} property WRITE_VOICEMAIL: JString read _GetWRITE_VOICEMAIL
上面的代码,在Androidapi.JNI.Os单元,通过类TJManifest_permission可以得到名称,如下面的代码,取得相机的权限名称,存到FPermissionCamera字符串变量中。
FPermissionCamera := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.CAMERA);
为了在app运行期来申请对应的权限,10.3还实现了一个服务类:TPermissionsService,并且通过PermissionsService方法返回该类的实例,通过该实例的RequestPermissions方法申请权限:
PermissionsService.RequestPermissions([FPermissionCamera, FPermissionReadExternalStorage, FPermissionWriteExternalStorage], TakePicturePermissionRequestResult, DisplayRationale);
RequestPermissions方法,功能如其名,申请权限。象上面的代码,要传递三个参数,先看一下这个方法的原型:
procedure RequestPermissions(const APermissions: TArray<string>;
const AOnRequestPermissionsResult: TRequestPermissionsResultEvent; AOnDisplayRationale: TDisplayRationaleEvent = nil);
overload; virtual;
APermissions:权限名称数组,例如:[FPermissionCamera, FPermissionReadExternalStorage, FPermissionWriteExternalStorage]
AOnRequestPermissionsResult:TRequestPermissionsResultEvent,申请权限后触发的事件,我们要做一个TRequestPermissionsResultEvent函数,来接管动态申请后的逻辑。
AOnDisplayRationale: TDisplayRationaleEvent:例用这个事件,异步的向用户显示申请权限的解释说明,用户看到这个解释后,通过代码来支持用户来进一步请求权限。注意,千万不要阻止此线程等待用户的响应!
综上所述,我们现在可以看看实现动态申请app权限的代码步骤了:
1.声明app需要申请的权限名称变量
//动态申请权限
FPermissionCamera,
FPermissionReadExternalStorage,
FPermissionWriteExternalStorage: string;
2.在app启动时通过TJManifest_permission取得权限名称并赋值给权限名称变量
procedure TMainForm.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
{$IFDEF ANDROID}
FPermissionCamera := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.CAMERA);
FPermissionReadExternalStorage := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
FPermissionWriteExternalStorage := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
{$ENDIF}
接下来,我们要准备两个方法,准备做为PermissionsService.RequestPermissions方法的参数,即请求权限时的回调函数,来处理权限请求的结果及给用户的权限解释信息。
3.实现TRequestPermissionsResultEvent方法
procedure TMainForm.TakePicturePermissionRequestResult(Sender: TObject; const APermissions: TArray<string>; const AGrantResults: TArray<TPermissionStatus>);
begin
// 申请的3个权限: CAMERA, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE and WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
if (Length(AGrantResults) = 3) and (AGrantResults[0] = TPermissionStatus.Granted) and (AGrantResults[1] = TPermissionStatus.Granted) and (AGrantResults[2] = TPermissionStatus.Granted) then
begin
//权限被用户允许的代码
end
else
//权限被用户禁止的代码
TDialogService.ShowMessage('权限禁止,不能拍照.')
end;
4.实现TDisplayRationaleEvent方法
procedure TMainForm.DisplayRationale(Sender: TObject; const APermissions: TArray<string>; const APostRationaleProc: TProc);
var
I: Integer;
RationaleMsg: string;
begin
for I := 0 to High(APermissions) do
begin
if APermissions[I] = FPermissionCamera then
RationaleMsg := RationaleMsg + '应用需要拍照' + SLineBreak + SLineBreak
else if APermissions[I] = FPermissionReadExternalStorage then
RationaleMsg := RationaleMsg + '应用需要读取照片';
end;
TDialogService.ShowMessage(RationaleMsg,
procedure(const AResult: TModalResult)
begin
APostRationaleProc;
end)
end;
5.用PermissionsService.RequestPermissions在app启动时申请权限
procedure TMainForm.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
{$IFDEF ANDROID}
FPermissionCamera := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.CAMERA);
FPermissionReadExternalStorage := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
FPermissionWriteExternalStorage := JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
{$ENDIF}
PermissionsService.RequestPermissions([FPermissionCamera, FPermissionReadExternalStorage, FPermissionWriteExternalStorage], TakePicturePermissionRequestResult, DisplayRationale);
到此,实现了动态申请app权限。具体的代码,可以到ChinaCock QQ群223717588去下载。
小年刚过,新年马上到来,在此先祝大家春节快乐,多多发财,流行的话说,1919,想啥啥有!
2020-07-01,官方给的参考代码:
procedure TLocationForm.swLocationSensorActiveSwitch(Sender: TObject); begin {$IFDEF ANDROID} if swLocationSensorActive.IsChecked then PermissionsService.RequestPermissions([JStringToString(TJManifest_permission.JavaClass.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)], procedure(const APermissions: TArray<string>; const AGrantResults: TArray<TPermissionStatus>) begin if (Length(AGrantResults) = 1) and (AGrantResults[0] = TPermissionStatus.Granted) then { activate or deactivate the location sensor } LocationSensor1.Active := True else begin swLocationSensorActive.IsChecked := False; TDialogService.ShowMessage('Location permission not granted'); end; end) else {$ENDIF} LocationSensor1.Active := False; end;