tar zcvf monitor.tar.gz monitor/ --exclude=monitor/aa/logs/* --exclude=monitor/*.log # 排查文件时，不能写完整路径，用相对路径
tar zcvf td2.tar.gz ./testdir/ --exclude=df.sh --exclude=a* # 备份时，排除文件和文件目录
tar -N '2023-02-19 18:00:00' -zcvf /tmp/r.tar.gz /root/ # 只备份特定时间后的文件
tar -zcvf - yum.repos.d/ | openssl des3 -salt -k {passwd} -out /root/yum.tar.gz # 打包时加密
openssl des3 -d -k {passwd} -salt -in yum.tar.gz | tar zxvf - # 加密后解包
### gzip [root@centos78 tmp]# gzip yum.log # 压缩后源文件消失 [root@centos78 tmp]# gzip -d yum.log.gz [root@centos78 ~]# gzip -r testdir/ # 递归对文件目录下的文件进行压缩 [root@centos78 testdir]# ls ab ab.txt.gz ac bb.log.gz bc.log.gz bd be dd.sh.gz df df.sh.gz dg [root@centos78 ~]# gzip -d -r testdir/ # 解压 ### bzip2 不能对文件目录操作 [root@centos78 ~]# bzip2 -z ab.txt # 压缩后源文件消失 [root@centos78 ~]# bzip2 -d ab.txt.bz2 # 解压文件 ### zip与unzip [root@centos78 ~]# yum install zip unzip [root@centos78 ~]# zip ab.txt.zip ab.txt # 源文件不会消失 [root@centos78 ~]# unzip ab.txt.zip # zip文件不会消失 Archive: ab.txt.zip replace ab.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y extracting: ab.txt [root@centos78 ~]# zip -r td.zip testdir/ [root@myos ~]# zip abc2.zip abc/ hsperfdata_root/ # 只打包文件目录 [root@myos ~]# zip -r abc2.zip abc/ hsperfdata_root/ # 将文件夹及其下文件进行打包 [root@myos ~]# unzip -l abc2.zip # 查看zip包的内容 [root@myos ~]# unzip abc2.zip -d /usr/ # 解压到指定路径
# -N只对特定时间之后的进行打包
[root@centos78 ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3 Feb 19 18:27 ab.txt
-rw-------. 1 root root 1259 Feb 19 17:17 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -N '2023-02-19 18:00:00' -zcvf /tmp/r.tar.gz /root/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/root/
/root/.bash_history
/root/ab.txt
[root@centos78 ~]# tar tvf /tmp/r.tar.gz
dr-xr-x--- root/root 0 2023-02-19 18:26 root/
-rw------- root/root 976 2023-02-19 18:09 root/.bash_history
-rw-r--r-- root/root 3 2023-02-19 18:27 root/ab.txt
# 排除指定文件
[root@centos78 testdir]# ls
ab ab.txt ac bb.log bc.log bd be dd.sh df df.sh dg
[root@centos78 testdir]# cd ..
[root@centos78 ~]# tar zcvf td1.tar.gz ./testdir/ --exclude=df.sh
./testdir/
./testdir/ab/
./testdir/ac/
./testdir/bd/
./testdir/be/
./testdir/df/
./testdir/dg/
./testdir/ab.txt
./testdir/bb.log
./testdir/bc.log
./testdir/dd.sh
[root@centos78 ~]# tar zcvf td2.tar.gz ./testdir/ --exclude=df.sh --exclude=a*
./testdir/
./testdir/bd/
./testdir/be/
./testdir/df/
./testdir/dg/
./testdir/bb.log
./testdir/bc.log
./testdir/dd.sh
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -cvf /tmp/etc.tar /etc # 仅打包,不压缩
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -xvf etc.tar # 解包
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -zcvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc # 打包,以gzip压缩
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz # 解包
[root@centos78 ~]# yum install bzip2
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -jcvf /tmp/etc.tar.bz2 /etc # 打包,以bzip2压缩
[root@centos78 ~]# tar -jxvf /tmp/etc.tar.bz2 # 解包
[root@centos78 ~]# tar tvf /tmp/etc.tar # -t 查看压缩包中文件列表, -v 查看文件的详细信息
[root@centos78 ~]# tar tvf /tmp/etc.tar.bz2
[root@centos78 ~]# tar zxvfp /tmp/etc.tar.gz # -p 解压时保存文件原有属性
[root@centos78 ~]# tar zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz etc/group # 只解压出包中的一个文件
etc/group
[root@centos78 tmp]# tar -cvf - /etc | tar -xvf - # 将/etc打包后直接解开到/tmp,在shell中使用
[root@cl-node03 docker_image_build]# ls
Dockerfile index.html nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz yum.repos.d
[root@cl-node03 docker_image_build]# tar -zcvf - yum.repos.d/ | openssl des3 -salt -k {passwd} -out /root/yum.tar.gz
yum.repos.d/
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-CR.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Sources.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-fasttrack.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
[root@cl-node03 ~]# tar zxvf yum.tar.gz
gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
[root@cl-node03 ~]# openssl des3 -d -k {passwd} -salt -in yum.tar.gz | tar zxvf -
yum.repos.d/
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-CR.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Sources.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-fasttrack.repo
yum.repos.d/CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
[root@myos ~]# zip
Copyright (c) 1990-2008 Info-ZIP - Type 'zip "-L"' for software license.
Zip 3.0 (July 5th 2008). Usage:
zip [-options] [-b path] [-t mmddyyyy] [-n suffixes] [zipfile list] [-xi list]
The default action is to add or replace zipfile entries from list, which
can include the special name - to compress standard input.
If zipfile and list are omitted, zip compresses stdin to stdout.
-f freshen: only changed files -u update: only changed or new files
-d delete entries in zipfile -m move into zipfile (delete OS files)
-r recurse into directories -j junk (don't record) directory names
-0 store only -l convert LF to CR LF (-ll CR LF to LF)
-1 compress faster -9 compress better
-q quiet operation -v verbose operation/print version info
-c add one-line comments -z add zipfile comment
-@ read names from stdin -o make zipfile as old as latest entry
-x exclude the following names -i include only the following names
-F fix zipfile (-FF try harder) -D do not add directory entries
-A adjust self-extracting exe -J junk zipfile prefix (unzipsfx)
-T test zipfile integrity -X eXclude eXtra file attributes
-y store symbolic links as the link instead of the referenced file
-e encrypt -n don't compress these suffixes
-h2 show more help
[root@myos ~]# unzip
UnZip 6.00 of 20 April 2009, by Info-ZIP. Maintained by C. Spieler. Send
bug reports using http://www.info-zip.org/zip-bug.html; see README for details.
Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
Default action is to extract files in list, except those in xlist, to exdir;
file[.zip] may be a wildcard. -Z => ZipInfo mode ("unzip -Z" for usage).
-p extract files to pipe, no messages -l list files (short format)
-f freshen existing files, create none -t test compressed archive data
-u update files, create if necessary -z display archive comment only
-v list verbosely/show version info -T timestamp archive to latest
-x exclude files that follow (in xlist) -d extract files into exdir
modifiers:
-n never overwrite existing files -q quiet mode (-qq => quieter)
-o overwrite files WITHOUT prompting -a auto-convert any text files
-j junk paths (do not make directories) -aa treat ALL files as text
-U use escapes for all non-ASCII Unicode -UU ignore any Unicode fields
-C match filenames case-insensitively -L make (some) names lowercase
-X restore UID/GID info -V retain VMS version numbers
-K keep setuid/setgid/tacky permissions -M pipe through "more" pager
-O CHARSET specify a character encoding for DOS, Windows and OS/2 archives
-I CHARSET specify a character encoding for UNIX and other archives
See "unzip -hh" or unzip.txt for more help. Examples:
unzip data1 -x joe => extract all files except joe from zipfile data1.zip
unzip -p foo | more => send contents of foo.zip via pipe into program more
unzip -fo foo ReadMe => quietly replace existing ReadMe if archive file newer
