RPM是为了简化安装的复杂度，而Yum软件仓库是为了解决软件包之间的依赖关系
一、rpm 本地安装
rpm -ivh filename.rpm # 安装
rpm -Uvh filename.rpm # 升级
rpm -e filename.rpm # 卸载
rpm -qpi filename.rpm # 查询软件描述
rpm -qpl filename.rpm # 列出软件文件
rpm -qf filename.rpm # 查询文件属于哪个RPM
二、yum
2.1 yum 命令
yum reportlist all # 列出所有仓库
yum list all # 列出仓库中所有软件包
yum info xxx # 查看软件包信息
yum install xxx # 安装软件包
yum reinstall xxx # 重装软件包
yum update xxx # 升级软件包
yum remove xxx # 移除软件包
yum clean all # 清除所有仓库缓存
yum check-update # 检查可更新软件包
yum grouplist # 查看系统已经安装的软件包组
yum groupinstall xxx # 安装指定的软件包组
yum groupremove xxx # 移除指定软件包组
yum groupinfo xxx # 查询指定的软件包组信息
2.2 只下载rpm包, 不安装
yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/packages/ gcc-c++
2.3 httpd list - install - info
[root@centos78 ~]# yum list httpd --showduplicates Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.nju.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn Available Packages httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.1 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.2 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.4 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos.5 updates httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 updates
[root@centos78 ~]# yum install httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.nju.edu.cn * epel: ftp.iij.ad.jp * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-95.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-95.el7.centos base 93 k mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 10 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:01 (5/5): httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:01 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.8 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-95.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-95.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 Complete!
[root@centos78 ~]# yum info httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
* epel: ftp.iij.ad.jp
* extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Installed Packages
Name : httpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 95.el7.centos
Size : 9.4 M
Repo : installed
From repo : base
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
: web server.
Available Packages
Name : httpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 98.el7.centos.6
Size : 2.7 M
Repo : updates/7/x86_64
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
: web server.
2.4 yum 安装依赖报错处理
[root@centos78 ~]]# package-cleanup --cleandupes --noscripts [root@centos78 ~]]# yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only Cleaning up unfinished transaction journals Cleaning up 2021-10-20.02:46.46 Cleaning up 2021-10-20.02:51.00 [root@centos78 ~]]# package-cleanup --cleandupes --noscripts [root@centos78 ~]]# yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only No unfinished transactions left. # 执行最近一次的yum命令 [root@centos78 ~]]# yum history redo last
[root@cl-server yum.repos.d]# yum
已加载插件：fastestmirror
您需要给出命令
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND
List of Commands:
check 检查 RPM 数据库问题
check-update 检查是否有可用的软件包更新
clean 删除缓存数据
deplist 列出软件包的依赖关系
distribution-synchronization 已同步软件包到最新可用版本
downgrade 降级软件包
erase 从系统中移除一个或多个软件包
fs Acts on the filesystem data of the host, mainly for removing docs/lanuages for minimal hosts.
fssnapshot Creates filesystem snapshots, or lists/deletes current snapshots.
groups 显示或使用、组信息
help 显示用法提示
history 显示或使用事务历史
info 显示关于软件包或组的详细信息
install 向系统中安装一个或多个软件包
list 列出一个或一组软件包
load-transaction 从文件名中加载一个已存事务
makecache 创建元数据缓存
provides 查找提供指定内容的软件包
reinstall 覆盖安装软件包
repo-pkgs 将一个源当作一个软件包组，这样我们就可以一次性安装/移除全部软件包。
repolist 显示已配置的源
search 在软件包详细信息中搜索指定字符串
shell 运行交互式的 yum shell
swap Simple way to swap packages, instead of using shell
update 更新系统中的一个或多个软件包
update-minimal Works like upgrade, but goes to the 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system
updateinfo Acts on repository update information
upgrade 更新软件包同时考虑软件包取代关系
version 显示机器和/或可用的源版本。
Options:
-h, --help 显示此帮助消息并退出
-t, --tolerant 忽略错误
-C, --cacheonly 完全从系统缓存运行，不升级缓存
-c [config file], --config=[config file] 配置文件路径
-R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes] 命令最长等待时间
-d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level] 调试输出级别
--showduplicates 在 list/search 命令下，显示源里重复的条目
-e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level] 错误输出级别
--rpmverbosity=[debug level name] RPM 调试输出级别
-q, --quiet 静默执行
-v, --verbose 详尽的操作过程
-y, --assumeyes 回答全部问题为是
--assumeno 回答全部问题为否
--version 显示 Yum 版本然后退出
--installroot=[path] 设置安装根目录
--enablerepo=[repo] 启用一个或多个软件源(支持通配符)
--disablerepo=[repo] 禁用一个或多个软件源(支持通配符)
-x [package], --exclude=[package] 采用全名或通配符排除软件包
--disableexcludes=[repo] 禁止从主配置，从源或者从任何位置排除
--disableincludes=[repo] disable includepkgs for a repo or for everything
--obsoletes 更新时处理软件包取代关系
--noplugins 禁用 Yum 插件
--nogpgcheck 禁用 GPG 签名检查
--disableplugin=[plugin] 禁用指定名称的插件
--enableplugin=[plugin] 启用指定名称的插件
--skip-broken 忽略存在依赖关系问题的软件包
--color=COLOR 配置是否使用颜色
--releasever=RELEASEVER 在 yum 配置和 repo 文件里设置 $releasever 的值
--downloadonly 仅下载而不更新
--downloaddir=DLDIR 指定一个其他文件夹用于保存软件包
--setopt=SETOPTS 设置任意配置和源选项
--bugfix Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
--security Include security relevant packages, in updates
--advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in updates
--bzs=BZS Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in updates
--cves=CVES Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in updates
--sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS Include security relevant packages matching the severity, in updates
插件选项:
