ps aux | sort -k4,4nr | head -n 10 # 查看内存占用前10名的程序
ps -e / ps -ef / ps -eF / ps -ely # To see every process on the system using standard syntax
ps ax / ps axu # To see every process on the system using BSD syntax
ps -ejH / ps axjf # To print a process tree
ps -eLf / ps axms # To get info about threads
查看当前用户的活跃进程
[root@cl-server ~]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
1656 pts/0 00:00:00 httpd
1855 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
2901 pts/0 00:00:23 java
3034 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
UID: 程序被该 UID 所拥有 PID: 程序的ID PPID: 上级父程序的ID C: CPU使用的资源百分比, CPU用于计算执行优先级的因子 STIME: 程序启动时间 TTY: 进程所属的终端控制台, 问号表示这些进程不属于任何TTY, 它们是由系统启动的。 TIME: 程序使用的CPU时间 CMD: 程序的指令
[root@server ~]# ps -ef | grep salt UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 2899 1 0 2021 ? 00:09:14 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3050 2899 0 2021 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3272 2899 0 2021 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3275 2899 0 2021 ? 00:00:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3276 2899 0 2021 ? 13:13:45 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3277 2899 0 2021 ? 00:09:08 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3278 3277 0 2021 ? 00:00:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3288 3277 0 2021 ? 00:02:35 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3289 3277 0 2021 ? 00:02:47 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3290 3277 0 2021 ? 00:02:40 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3292 2899 0 2021 ? 1-13:21:45 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3293 3277 0 2021 ? 00:02:33 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3295 3277 0 2021 ? 00:02:13 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master root 3182 6423 0 09:59 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto salt
-a: 显示所有用户的进程 -l: long format,展示更多信息
VSZ: 进程的虚拟内存 RSS: 常驻内存的大小
STAT状态值: S-睡眠，s-表示该进程是会话的先导进程，N-表示进程拥有比普通优先级更低的优先级，R-正在运行，D-短期等待，Z-僵死进程， T-被跟踪或者被停止等等
[soupman@myos ~]$ ps -lax
F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND
4 0 1 0 20 0 179336 7924 - Ss ? 12:48 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deseri
1 0 2 0 20 0 0 0 - S ? 0:00 [kthreadd]
[root@cl-server ~]# ps axu USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.2 125464 3916 ? Ss 14:28 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserializ root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 14:28 0:00 [kthreadd] root 692 0.0 0.0 110204 856 tty1 Ss+ 14:28 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux mysql 957 0.1 10.4 1183028 195308 ? Ssl 14:28 0:07 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf root 2901 1.6 20.2 3658356 377928 ? Sl 15:37 0:25 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_281/bin/java -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.lo
[root@cl-server ~]# ps -ef f UID PID PPID C STIME TTY STAT TIME CMD root 2 0 0 14:28 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd] root 4 2 0 14:28 ? S< 0:00 \_ [kworker/0:0H] root 1082 1 0 14:28 ? Ssl 0:02 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock root 1557 1082 0 14:28 ? Sl 0:00 \_ /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8899 -cont root 1572 1082 0 14:28 ? Sl 0:00 \_ /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 8899 -container
TTY 展示探究
说明：当前cl-server服务器，通过VMware Workstation 界面启动，通过xshell工具开启两个会话。
启动终端： tty1, 会话终端： pts/0, pts/1。 在pts/0上启动 activemq 服务。
[root@cl-server ~]# ps ax
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
4 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
692 tty1 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
1656 pts/0 Ss+ 0:00 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/html
1689 ? Ss 0:00 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/html
1853 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
1855 pts/0 Ss 0:00 -bash
1951 ? R 0:00 [kworker/1:1]
2472 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
2474 pts/1 Ss+ 0:00 -bash
2901 pts/0 Sl 0:24 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_281/bin/java -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.properties -
3102 pts/0 R+ 0:00 ps ax
关闭会话pts/0, TTY变成?
[root@cl-server ~]# ps ax
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1656 ? Ss+ 0:00 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/html
1689 ? Ss 0:00 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/html
2901 ? Sl 0:25 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_281/bin/java -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.properties -
3156 pts/1 R+ 0:00 ps ax
To get security info:
ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
ps axZ
ps -eM
To see every process running as root (real & effective ID) in user format:
ps -U root -u root u
To see every process with a user-defined format:
ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
ps -Ao pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
Print only the process IDs of syslogd:
ps -C syslogd -o pid=
Print only the name of PID 42:
ps -q 42 -o comm=
[root@cl-server ~]# ps --help
Usage:
ps [options]
Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
for additional help text.
For more details see ps(1).
[root@cl-server ~]# ps --help all
Usage:
ps [options]
Basic options:
-A, -e all processes
-a all with tty, except session leaders
a all with tty, including other users
-d all except session leaders
-N, --deselect negate selection
r only running processes
T all processes on this terminal
x processes without controlling ttys
Selection by list:
-C <command> command name
-G, --Group <GID> real group id or name
-g, --group <group> session or effective group name
-p, p, --pid <PID> process id
--ppid <PID> parent process id
-q, q, --quick-pid <PID>
process id (quick mode)
-s, --sid <session> session id
-t, t, --tty <tty> terminal
-u, U, --user <UID> effective user id or name
-U, --User <UID> real user id or name
The selection options take as their argument either:
a comma-separated list e.g. '-u root,nobody' or
a blank-separated list e.g. '-p 123 4567'
Output formats:
-F extra full
-f full-format, including command lines
f, --forest ascii art process tree
-H show process hierarchy
-j jobs format
j BSD job control format
-l long format
l BSD long format
-M, Z add security data (for SELinux)
-O <format> preloaded with default columns
O <format> as -O, with BSD personality
-o, o, --format <format>
user-defined format
s signal format
u user-oriented format
v virtual memory format
X register format
-y do not show flags, show rss vs. addr (used with -l)
--context display security context (for SELinux)
--headers repeat header lines, one per page
--no-headers do not print header at all
--cols, --columns, --width <num>
set screen width
--rows, --lines <num>
set screen height
Show threads:
H as if they were processes
-L possibly with LWP and NLWP columns
-m, m after processes
-T possibly with SPID column
Miscellaneous options:
-c show scheduling class with -l option
c show true command name
e show the environment after command
k, --sort specify sort order as: [+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]
L show format specifiers
n display numeric uid and wchan
S, --cumulative include some dead child process data
-y do not show flags, show rss (only with -l)
-V, V, --version display version information and exit
-w, w unlimited output width
--help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>
display help and exit
For more details see ps(1).
