Nginx基础 - 03基本配置 - Kingdomer

Nginx基础 - 03基本配置

Posted on 2023-03-11 12:14 Kingdomer 阅读(31) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

一、 Nginx配置文件结构

Nginx主配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf是一个纯文本类型的文件。

整个配置文件是以区块的形式组织的。一般，每个区块以一对大括号{}来表示开始于结束。

1. Main层位于nginx.conf配置文件的最高层

2. Main层下可以有Event、HTTP层

3. HTTP层下面允许有多个Server层，用于对不同的网站做不同的配置

4. Server层允许有多个Location，用于对不同的路径进行不同模块的配置

[root@my-node10 nginx]# cat nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat default.conf
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    # 错误页面，统一定义错误页面，
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    # 省略其他的配置
}

二、日志配置

[root@my-node10 nginx]# pwd
/application/nginx
[root@my-node10 nginx]# tree
.
├── hotel
│   └── index.html
└── shop
    └── index.html

2 directories, 2 files

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat shop.conf  hotel.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.myshop.com;
    root /application/nginx/shop;
    index index.html;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.myhotel.com;
    root /application/nginx/hotel;
    index index.html;
}

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# nginx -s reload

访问www.myshop.com 和 www.myhotel.com

192.168.6.102 - - [05/Mar/2023:15:08:59 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61 "-" 
                                               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.6.102 - - [05/Mar/2023:15:08:59 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://www.myshop.com/" 
                                               "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"

日志添加请求和响应时间

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time" "$upstream_response_time"';
10.1.2.3 - - [20/Mar/2017:04:05:49 +0800] "GET /myApp/servlet/TestServlet HTTP/1.1" 200 52 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 4.0; Windows NT)" "-" 0.015 0.015

request_time
# 从接受用户请求的第一个字节到发送完响应数据的时间，即包括接收请求数据时间、程序响应时间、输出响应数据时间。
request processing time in seconds with a milliseconds resolution; 
   time elapsed between the first bytes were read from the client and the log write after the last bytes were sent to the client 。

upstream_response_time
# 从Nginx向后端服务器 发起建立连接 到 接受完数据 然后关闭连接为止的时间。
keeps times of responses obtained from upstream servers; 
    times are kept in seconds with a milliseconds resolution. Several response times are separated by commas and colons like addresses in the $upstream_addr variable。

$request_time肯定比$upstream_response_time值大，特别是使用POST方式传递参数时，因为Nginx会把request body缓存住，接收完毕后才会把数据一起发给后端。
所以如果用户网络较差，或者传递数据较大时，$request_time会比$upstream_response_time大很多。

三、Nginx状态监控

--with-http_stub_status_module 记录Nginx客户端访问的状态信息

具体配置：

    location /mystatus {
        stub_status on;
        access_log off;
    }

Active connections： The current number of active client connections including Waiting connections. Nginx当前活跃的连接数
accepts： The total number of accepted client connections.
handled： The total number of handled connections. requests： The total number of client requests.
- Generally, the parameter value is the same as accepts unless some resource limits have been reached (for example, the worker_connections limit).
Reading： The current number of connections where nginx is reading the request header.
Writing： The current number of connections where nginx is writing the response back to the client.
Waiting： The current number of idle client connections waiting for a request.

四、虚拟主机

虚拟主机，在Web服务器里是一个独立的网站站点，

站点对应独立的域名(也可以是IP或端口)，具有独立的程序及资源目录，独立对外提供服务。

4.1 基于域名的虚拟主机

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat hotel.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.myhotel.com;
    root /application/nginx/hotel;
    index index.html;
}

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat shop.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.myshop.com;
    location / {
        root /application/nginx/shop;
        index index.html;
    }
}

4.2 配置不同端口访问不同虚拟主机

server {
    listen 8001;
    ......
}

server {
    listen 8002;
    ......
}

4.3 配置不同IP访问不同虚拟主机

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name 192.168.6.10;
    ......
}

4.4 虚拟主机别名

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.myhotel.com myhotel.com myhoteldev.com;
    root /application/nginx/hotel;
    index index.html;
}

4.5 文件名的排序

相同的域名，相同的端口，谁的文件名在前，谁会被优先读取到。

[root@my-node10 demo]# mkdir  d1 d2 d3
[root@my-node10 demo]# echo "d1-1" > d1/index.html
[root@my-node10 demo]# echo "d2-1" > d2/index.html
[root@my-node10 demo]# echo "d3-1" > d3/index.html
[root@my-node10 demo]# echo "demo" > 1.html
[root@my-node10 demo]# ls
d1  d2  d3  index.html

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat demo1.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name demo.com;
    root /application/nginx/demo/d1;
    index index.html index.htm;
    location ~ ^/1.html {
        root /application/nginx/demo;
    }
}
[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat demo2.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name demo.com;
    root /application/nginx/demo/d2;
    index index.html index.htm;
    location ~ ^/1.html {
        root /application/nginx/demo;
    }
}

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# ll
总用量 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1152 3月 5 16:21 default.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 227 3月 5 20:03 demo1.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 227 3月 5 20:04 demo2.conf

# 访问demo.com, 使用的是 demo1.conf 配置文件
[root@my-node51 ~]# curl http://demo.com
d1-1

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# mv demo1.conf demo4.conf
[root@my-node10 conf.d]# ll
总用量 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1152 3月   5 16:21 default.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  227 3月   5 20:04 demo2.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  227 3月   5 20:03 demo4.conf

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# nginx -s reload
nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "demo.com" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored

[root@my-node51 ~]# curl http://demo.com
d2-1
[root@my-node51 ~]# curl http://demo.com/1.html
demo

[root@my-node10 conf.d]# cat demo3.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name demo.com default;
    root /application/nginx/demo/d3;
    index index.html index.htm;
    location ~ ^/1.html {
        root /application/nginx/demo;
    }
}

[root@my-node51 ~]# curl http://demo.com
d2-1

[root@my-node51 ~]# curl http://demo.com/1.html
demo

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