Python之路,Day2 - Python基础2
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<div id="cnblogs_post_body" class="blogpost-body"><p>本节内容</p>
- 列表、元组操作
- 字符串操作
- 字典操作
- 集合操作
- 文件操作
- 字符编码与转码
1. 列表、元组操作
列表是我们最以后最常用的数据类型之一，通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作
定义列表
1 | names = ['Alex',"Tenglan",'Eric'] |
通过下标访问列表中的元素，下标从0开始计数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | >>> names[0]'Alex'>>> names[2]'Eric'>>> names[-1]'Eric'>>> names[-2] #还可以倒着取'Tenglan' |
切片:取多个元素
>>> names = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"] >>> names[1:4] #取下标1至下标4之间的数字，包括1，不包括4 ['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain'] >>> names[1:-1] #取下标1至-1的值，不包括-1 ['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom'] >>> names[0:3] ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric'] >>> names[:3] #如果是从头开始取，0可以忽略，跟上句效果一样 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric'] >>> names[3:] #如果想取最后一个，必须不能写-1，只能这么写 ['Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy'] >>> names[3:-1] #这样-1就不会被包含了 ['Rain', 'Tom'] >>> names[0::2] #后面的2是代表，每隔一个元素，就取一个 ['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom'] >>> names[::2] #和上句效果一样 ['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom']
追加
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy'] >>> names.append("我是新来的") >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的']
插入
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的'] >>> names.insert(2,"强行从Eric前面插入") >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '强行从Eric前面插入', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的']>>> names.insert(5,"从eric后面插入试试新姿势")
>>> names
['Alex', 'Tenglan', '强行从Eric前面插入', 'Eric', 'Rain', '从eric后面插入试试新姿势', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的']
修改
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '强行从Eric前面插入', 'Eric', 'Rain', '从eric后面插入试试新姿势', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的'] >>> names[2] = "该换人了" >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '该换人了', 'Eric', 'Rain', '从eric后面插入试试新姿势', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的']
删除
>>> del names[2] >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', '从eric后面插入试试新姿势', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的'] >>> del names[4] >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的'] >>> >>> names.remove("Eric") #删除指定元素 >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新来的'] >>> names.pop() #删除列表最后一个值 '我是新来的' >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy']
扩展
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy'] >>> b = [1,2,3] >>> names.extend(b) >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3]
拷贝
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3]>>> name_copy = names.copy()
>>> name_copy
['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3]
copy真的这么简单么？那我还讲个屁。。。
统计
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3] >>> names.count("Amy") 2
排序&翻转
>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3] >>> names.sort() #排序 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str() #3.0里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了，擦 >>> names[-3] = '1' >>> names[-2] = '2' >>> names[-1] = '3' >>> names ['Alex', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Tenglan', 'Tom', '1', '2', '3'] >>> names.sort() >>> names ['1', '2', '3', 'Alex', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Tenglan', 'Tom']>>> names.reverse() #反转
>>> names
['Tom', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Alex', '3', '2', '1']
获取下标
>>> names ['Tom', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Alex', '3', '2', '1'] >>> names.index("Amy") 2 #只返回找到的第一个下标
元组
元组其实跟列表差不多，也是存一组数，只不是它一旦创建，便不能再修改，所以又叫只读列表
语法
1 | names = ("alex","jack","eric") |
它只有2个方法，一个是count,一个是index，完毕。
程序练习
请闭眼写出以下程序。
程序：购物车程序
需求:
- 启动程序后，让用户输入工资，然后打印商品列表
- 允许用户根据商品编号购买商品
- 用户选择商品后，检测余额是否够，够就直接扣款，不够就提醒
- 可随时退出，退出时，打印已购买商品和余额
2. 字符串操作
特性：不可修改
name.capitalize() 首字母大写 name.casefold() 大写全部变小写 name.center(50,"-") 输出 '---------------------Alex Li----------------------' name.count('lex') 统计 lex出现次数 name.encode() 将字符串编码成bytes格式 name.endswith("Li") 判断字符串是否以 Li结尾 "Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 输出'Alex Li'， 将\t转换成多长的空格 name.find('A') 查找A,找到返回其索引， 找不到返回-1format :
>>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}"
>>> msg.format("alex",22)
'my name is alex, and age is 22'
>>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}"
>>> msg.format("alex",22)
'my name is 22, and age is alex'
>>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}"
>>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale")
'my name is ale, and age is 22'
format_map
>>> msg.format_map({'name':'alex','age':22})
'my name is alex, and age is 22'msg.index('a') 返回a所在字符串的索引
'9aA'.isalnum() True'9'.isdigit() 是否整数
name.isnumeric
name.isprintable
name.isspace
name.istitle
name.isupper
"|".join(['alex','jack','rain'])
'alex|jack|rain'maketrans
>>> intab = "aeiou" #This is the string having actual characters.
>>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character
>>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
>>>
>>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
>>> str.translate(trantab)
'th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!'msg.partition('is') 输出 ('my name ', 'is', ' {name}, and age is {age}')
>>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1)
'alex LI, chinese name is lijie'msg.swapcase 大小写互换
>>> msg.zfill(40)
'00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}'>>> n4.ljust(40,"-")
'Hello 2orld-----------------------------'
>>> n4.rjust(40,"-")
'-----------------------------Hello 2orld'>>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈"
>>> b.isidentifier() #检测一段字符串可否被当作标志符，即是否符合变量命名规则
True
3. 字典操作
字典一种key - value 的数据类型，使用就像我们上学用的字典，通过笔划、字母来查对应页的详细内容。
语法:
info = { 'stu1101': "TengLan Wu", 'stu1102': "LongZe Luola", 'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya", }
字典的特性：
- dict是无序的
- key必须是唯一的,so 天生去重
增加
>>> info["stu1104"] = "苍井空" >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1104': '苍井空', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu'}
修改
>>> info['stu1101'] = "武藤兰" >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': '武藤兰'}
删除
>>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': '武藤兰'} >>> info.pop("stu1101") #标准删除姿势 '武藤兰' >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} >>> del info['stu1103'] #换个姿势删除 >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola'} >>> >>> >>> >>> info = {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} #随机删除 >>> info.popitem() ('stu1102', 'LongZe Luola') >>> info {'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}
查找
>>> info = {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}
>>>
>>> "stu1102" in info #标准用法
True
>>> info.get("stu1102") #获取
'LongZe Luola'
>>> info["stu1102"] #同上，但是看下面
'LongZe Luola'
>>> info["stu1105"] #如果一个key不存在，就报错，get不会，不存在只返回None
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'stu1105'
多级字典嵌套及操作
av_catalog = { "欧美":{ "www.youporn.com": ["很多免费的,世界最大的","质量一般"], "www.pornhub.com": ["很多免费的,也很大","质量比yourporn高点"], "letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高质量图片很多","资源不多,更新慢"], "x-art.com":["质量很高,真的很高","全部收费,屌比请绕过"] }, "日韩":{ "tokyo-hot":["质量怎样不清楚,个人已经不喜欢日韩范了","听说是收费的"] }, "大陆":{ "1024":["全部免费,真好,好人一生平安","服务器在国外,慢"] } }av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬虫爬下来"
print(av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"])
#ouput
['全部免费,真好,好人一生平安', '服务器在国外,慢,可以用爬虫爬下来']
其它姿势
#values >>> info.values() dict_values(['LongZe Luola', 'XiaoZe Maliya'])#keys
>>> info.keys()
dict_keys(['stu1102', 'stu1103'])#setdefault
>>> info.setdefault("stu1106","Alex")
'Alex'
>>> info
{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'}
>>> info.setdefault("stu1102","龙泽萝拉")
'LongZe Luola'
>>> info
{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'}#update
>>> info
{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'}
>>> b = {1:2,3:4, "stu1102":"龙泽萝拉"}
>>> info.update(b)
>>> info
{'stu1102': '龙泽萝拉', 1: 2, 3: 4, 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'}#items
info.items()
dict_items([('stu1102', '龙泽萝拉'), (1, 2), (3, 4), ('stu1103', 'XiaoZe Maliya'), ('stu1106', 'Alex')])#通过一个列表生成默认dict,有个没办法解释的坑，少用吧这个
>>> dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],'testd')
{1: 'testd', 2: 'testd', 3: 'testd'}
循环dict
#方法1 for key in info: print(key,info[key])#方法2
for k,v in info.items(): #会先把dict转成list,数据里大时莫用
print(k,v)
程序练习
程序: 三级菜单
要求:
- 打印省、市、县三级菜单
- 可返回上一级
- 可随时退出程序
menu = { '北京':{ '海淀':{ '五道口':{ 'soho':{}, '网易':{}, 'google':{} }, '中关村':{ '爱奇艺':{}, '汽车之家':{}, 'youku':{}, }, '上地':{ '百度':{}, }, }, '昌平':{ '沙河':{ '老男孩':{}, '北航':{}, }, '天通苑':{}, '回龙观':{}, }, '朝阳':{}, '东城':{}, }, '上海':{ '闵行':{ "人民广场":{ '炸鸡店':{} } }, '闸北':{ '火车战':{ '携程':{} } }, '浦东':{}, }, '山东':{}, }exit_flag = False
current_layer = menulayers = [menu]
while not exit_flag:
for k in current_layer:
print(k)
choice = input(">>:").strip()
if choice == "b":
current_layer = layers[-1]
#print("change to laster", current_layer)
layers.pop()
elif choice not in current_layer:continue
else:
layers.append(current_layer)
current_layer = current_layer[choice]
4.集合操作
集合是一个无序的，不重复的数据组合，它的主要作用如下：
- 去重，把一个列表变成集合，就自动去重了
- 关系测试，测试两组数据之前的交集、差集、并集等关系
常用操作
s = set([3,5,9,10]) #创建一个数值集合 t = set("Hello") #创建一个唯一字符的集合a = t | s # t 和 s的并集
b = t & s # t 和 s的交集
c = t – s # 求差集（项在t中，但不在s中）
d = t ^ s # 对称差集（项在t或s中，但不会同时出现在二者中）
基本操作：
t.add('x') # 添加一项
s.update([10,37,42]) # 在s中添加多项
使用remove()可以删除一项：
t.remove('H')
len(s)
set 的长度x in s
测试 x 是否是 s 的成员x not in s
测试 x 是否不是 s 的成员s.issubset(t)
s <= t
测试是否 s 中的每一个元素都在 t 中s.issuperset(t)
s >= t
测试是否 t 中的每一个元素都在 s 中s.union(t)
s | t
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的每一个元素s.intersection(t)
s & t
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的公共元素s.difference(t)
s - t
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 中有但是 t 中没有的元素s.symmetric_difference(t)
s ^ t
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中不重复的元素s.copy()
返回 set “s”的一个浅复制
5. 文件操作
对文件操作流程
- 打开文件，得到文件句柄并赋值给一个变量
- 通过句柄对文件进行操作
- 关闭文件
现有文件如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 | Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind不知为何，我经历的爱情总是最具毁灭性的的那种Yesterday when I was young昨日当我年少轻狂The taste of life was sweet生命的滋味是甜的As rain upon my tongue就如舌尖上的雨露I teased at life as if it were a foolish game我戏弄生命 视其为愚蠢的游戏The way the evening breeze就如夜晚的微风May tease the candle flame逗弄蜡烛的火苗The thousand dreams I dreamed我曾千万次梦见The splendid things I planned那些我计划的绚丽蓝图I always built to last on weak and shifting sand但我总是将之建筑在易逝的流沙上I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day我夜夜笙歌 逃避白昼赤裸的阳光And only now I see how the time ran away事到如今我才看清岁月是如何匆匆流逝Yesterday when I was young昨日当我年少轻狂So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung有那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱So many wild pleasures lay in store for me有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受And so much pain my eyes refused to see还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out我飞快地奔走 最终时光与青春消逝殆尽I never stopped to think what life was all about我从未停下脚步去思考生命的意义And every conversation that I can now recall如今回想起的所有对话Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all除了和我相关的 什么都记不得了The game of love I played with arrogance and pride我用自负和傲慢玩着爱情的游戏And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died所有我点燃的火焰都熄灭得太快The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不觉地离开了And only now I'm left alone to end the play, yeah只剩我一个人在台上来结束这场闹剧Oh, yesterday when I was young噢 昨日当我年少轻狂So many, many songs were waiting to be sung有那么那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱So many wild pleasures lay in store for me有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受And so much pain my eyes refused to see还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见There are so many songs in me that won't be sung我有太多歌曲永远不会被唱起I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue我尝到了舌尖泪水的苦涩滋味The time has come for me to pay for yesterday终于到了付出代价的时间 为了昨日When I was young当我年少轻狂 |
基本操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | f = open('lyrics') #打开文件first_line = f.readline()print('first line:',first_line) #读一行print('我是分隔线'.center(50,'-'))data = f.read()# 读取剩下的所有内容,文件大时不要用print(data) #打印文件f.close() #关闭文件 |
打开文件的模式有：
- r，只读模式（默认）。
- w，只写模式。【不可读；不存在则创建；存在则删除内容；】
- a，追加模式。【可读； 不存在则创建；存在则只追加内容；】
"+" 表示可以同时读写某个文件
- r+，可读写文件。【可读；可写；可追加】
- w+，写读
- a+，同a
"U"表示在读取时，可以将 \r \n \r\n自动转换成 \n （与 r 或 r+ 模式同使用）
- rU
- r+U
"b"表示处理二进制文件（如：FTP发送上传ISO镜像文件，linux可忽略，windows处理二进制文件时需标注）
- rb
- wb
- ab
其它语法
def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ Close the file.A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations. close() may be called more than once without error. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> fileno(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer). </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> isatty(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> True if the file is connected to a TTY device. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> read(self, size=-1): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> known case of _io.FileIO.read</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> 注意，不一定能全读回来 Read at most size bytes, returned as bytes. Only makes one system call, so less data may be returned than requested. In non-blocking mode, returns None if no data is available. Return an empty bytes object at EOF. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800000;">""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> readable(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> True if file was opened in a read mode. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> readall(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Read all data from the file, returned as bytes. In non-blocking mode, returns as much as is immediately available, or None if no data is available. Return an empty bytes object at EOF. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> readinto(self): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown; restored from __doc__</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Same as RawIOBase.readinto(). </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">不要用,没人知道它是干嘛用的</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> seek(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Move to new file position and return the file position. Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to SEEK_SET or 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are SEEK_CUR or 1 (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and SEEK_END or 2 (move relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file). Note that not all file objects are seekable. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> seekable(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> True if file supports random-access. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> tell(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Current file position. Can raise OSError for non seekable files. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> truncate(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Truncate the file to at most size bytes and return the truncated size. Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell(). The current file position is changed to the value of size. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> writable(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> True if file was opened in a write mode. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> write(self, *args, **kwargs): <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> real signature unknown</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;"> Write bytes b to file, return number written. Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written. The number of bytes actually written is returned. In non-blocking mode, returns None if the write would block. </span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">pass</span></pre>
with语句
为了避免打开文件后忘记关闭，可以通过管理上下文，即：
|
1
2
3
|
with open('log','r') as f: ... |
如此方式，当with代码块执行完毕时，内部会自动关闭并释放文件资源。
在Python 2.7 后，with又支持同时对多个文件的上下文进行管理，即：
|
1
2
|
with open('log1') as obj1, open('log2') as obj2: pass
|
程序练习
程序1: 实现简单的shell sed替换功能
程序2:修改haproxy配置文件
需求：
1、查
输入：www.oldboy.org
获取当前backend下的所有记录
2、新建
输入：
arg = {
'bakend': 'www.oldboy.org',
'record':{
'server': '100.1.7.9',
'weight': 20,
'maxconn': 30
}
}
3、删除
输入：
arg = {
'bakend': 'www.oldboy.org',
'record':{
'server': '100.1.7.9',
'weight': 20,
'maxconn': 30
}
}
global log 127.0.0.1 local2 daemon maxconn 256 log 127.0.0.1 local2 info defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5000ms timeout client 50000ms timeout server 50000ms option dontlognulllisten stats :8888
stats enable
stats uri /admin
stats auth admin:1234frontend oldboy.org
bind 0.0.0.0:80
option httplog
option httpclose
option forwardfor
log global
acl www hdr_reg(host) -i www.oldboy.org
use_backend www.oldboy.org if wwwbackend www.oldboy.org
server 100.1.7.9 100.1.7.9 weight 20 maxconn 3000
6. 字符编码与转码
详细文章:
http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/5956943.html
http://www.diveintopython3.net/strings.html
需知:
1.在python2默认编码是ASCII, python3里默认是unicode
2.unicode 分为 utf-32(占4个字节),utf-16(占两个字节)，utf-8(占1-4个字节)， so utf-16就是现在最常用的unicode版本， 不过在文件里存的还是utf-8，因为utf8省空间
3.在py3中encode,在转码的同时还会把string 变成bytes类型，decode在解码的同时还会把bytes变回string
上图仅适用于py2
#-*-coding:utf-8-*- __author__ = 'Alex Li'import sys
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())msg = "我爱北京天安门"
msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312")
gb2312_to_gbk = msg_gb2312.decode("gbk").encode("gbk")print(msg)
print(msg_gb2312)
print(gb2312_to_gbk)
#-*-coding:gb2312 -*- #这个也可以去掉 __author__ = 'Alex Li'import sys
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())msg = "我爱北京天安门"
#msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312")
msg_gb2312 = msg.encode("gb2312") #默认就是unicode,不用再decode,喜大普奔
gb2312_to_unicode = msg_gb2312.decode("gb2312")
gb2312_to_utf8 = msg_gb2312.decode("gb2312").encode("utf-8")print(msg)
print(msg_gb2312)
print(gb2312_to_unicode)
print(gb2312_to_utf8)
7. 内置函数
分类: Python自动化开发之路
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<a href="#3604892" class="layer">#1楼</a><a name="3604892" id="comment_anchor_3604892"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-01-17 10:11</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3604892" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/otcsnow/" target="_blank">舞疼揽</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E8%88%9E%E7%96%BC%E6%8F%BD" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<a href="#3609796" class="layer">#2楼</a><a name="3609796" id="comment_anchor_3609796"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-01-25 15:33</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3609796" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/timangle5277/" target="_blank">timangle5277</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/timangle5277" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<a href="#3612773" class="layer">#3楼</a><a name="3612773" id="comment_anchor_3612773"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-02-06 15:57</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3612773" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaomeng/" target="_blank">风吹过又一年</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E9%A3%8E%E5%90%B9%E8%BF%87%E5%8F%88%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3612773" class="blog_comment_body">find 语法解释有误，是用来检测字符串中是否包含子字符串的。</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3612773,'Digg',this)">支持(2)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3612773,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3612773_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1090817/20170104160243.png</span>
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<a href="#3613523" class="layer">#4楼</a><a name="3613523" id="comment_anchor_3613523"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-02-07 15:34</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3613523" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/bj-xy/" target="_blank">北京-小远</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC-%E5%B0%8F%E8%BF%9C" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3613523" class="blog_comment_body">decode是解码吧</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3613523,'Digg',this)">支持(2)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3613523,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3613523_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/867887/20151229102823.png</span>
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<a href="#3613659" class="layer">#5楼</a><a name="3613659" id="comment_anchor_3613659"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-02-07 17:18</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3613659" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/o2lixin/" target="_blank">我叫大头君</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E6%88%91%E5%8F%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%B4%E5%90%9B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3613659" class="blog_comment_body">看过博主的视频，讲的真的很不错</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3613659,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3613659,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3614343" class="layer">#6楼</a><a name="3614343" id="comment_anchor_3614343"></a>[<span class="louzhu">楼主</span>] <span class="comment_date">2017-02-08 16:30</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3614343" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/" target="_blank">金角大王</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E9%87%91%E8%A7%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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我叫大头君
感谢支持，我会继续努力
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<a href="#3617619" class="layer">#7楼</a><a name="3617619" id="comment_anchor_3617619"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-02-13 20:25</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3617619" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/python2017/" target="_blank">墨色如画</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E5%A2%A8%E8%89%B2%E5%A6%82%E7%94%BB" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3617619" class="blog_comment_body">讲的真不错、早点拥有牧马人！哈哈</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3617619,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3617619,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3617619_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1105298/20170213105822.png</span>
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<a href="#3628394" class="layer">#8楼</a><a name="3628394" id="comment_anchor_3628394"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-02-28 15:47</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3628394" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1115033/" target="_blank">lovexinyundele</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/lovexinyundele" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3628394" class="blog_comment_body">看过博主的视频，讲的真的很不错</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3628394,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3628394,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3634314" class="layer">#9楼</a><a name="3634314" id="comment_anchor_3634314"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-03-07 22:26</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3634314" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1119343/" target="_blank">vitalman</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/vitalman" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<a href="#3675662" class="layer">#11楼</a><a name="3675662" id="comment_anchor_3675662"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-04-24 13:39</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3675662" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1152694/" target="_blank">牵手莫相拥</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E7%89%B5%E6%89%8B%E8%8E%AB%E7%9B%B8%E6%8B%A5" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<a href="#3679214" class="layer">#12楼</a><a name="3679214" id="comment_anchor_3679214"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-04-28 10:49</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3679214" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/dashouxin/" target="_blank">扶苏丶</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E6%89%B6%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B6" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3679214" class="blog_comment_body">保持学习，未来某天，欠老男孩和大王的学费，回来还的！</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3679214,'Digg',this)">支持(8)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3679214,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3679214_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/642406/20140613110943.png</span>
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<a href="#3704659" class="layer">#13楼</a><a name="3704659" id="comment_anchor_3704659"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-06-01 10:33</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3704659" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/miaocbin/" target="_blank">冷水泡茶</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E5%86%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%A1%E8%8C%B6" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3704659" class="blog_comment_body">大牛！！！课讲的不错，博客写的也很好。感谢分享。</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3704659,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3704659,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3740109" class="layer">#14楼</a><a name="3740109" id="comment_anchor_3740109"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-07-20 21:32</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3740109" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1200870/" target="_blank">Nick_风清扬</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/Nick_%E9%A3%8E%E6%B8%85%E6%89%AC" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3740109" class="blog_comment_body">decode 是解码 encode是编码</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3740109,'Digg',this)">支持(2)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3740109,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3770290" class="layer">#15楼</a><a name="3770290" id="comment_anchor_3770290"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-08-30 10:21</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3770290" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/Wolverine-python/" target="_blank">108单将</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/108%E5%8D%95%E5%B0%86" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3770290" class="blog_comment_body">谢谢咯，借下您的图，自己做笔记用</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3770290,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3770290,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3770290_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1213120/20180107200500.png</span>
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<a href="#3790145" class="layer">#16楼</a><a name="3790145" id="comment_anchor_3790145"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-09-19 21:13</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3790145" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/913330/" target="_blank">scw89757+</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/scw89757%2B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3790145" class="blog_comment_body">学习学习</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3790145,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3790145,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3818056" class="layer">#17楼</a><a name="3818056" id="comment_anchor_3818056"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-10-22 16:03</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3818056" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1249190/" target="_blank">凉城中</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E5%87%89%E5%9F%8E%E4%B8%AD" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3818056" class="blog_comment_body">有没有作业的代码求分享</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3818056,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3818056,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3839792" class="layer">#18楼</a><a name="3839792" id="comment_anchor_3839792"></a> <span class="comment_date">2017-11-14 08:18</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3839792" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/changmingzhao/" target="_blank">ChangMingZhao</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/ChangMingZhao" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3839792" class="blog_comment_body">alex的鸡汤很受用，哈哈</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3839792,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3839792,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3839792_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1276163/20171109180506.png</span>
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<a href="#3878668" class="layer">#19楼</a><a name="3878668" id="comment_anchor_3878668"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-01 09:59</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3878668" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/gm332211/" target="_blank">呆萌小朋友</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E5%91%86%E8%90%8C%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3878668" class="blog_comment_body">@金角大王 老师问一个问题,有没有函数可以判断一个负数(-1),我试过isdigit()的函数不行,我在想是不是必须要用正则表达式</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3878668,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3878668,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3878668_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1168036/20180114171759.png</span>
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<a href="#3880719" class="layer">#20楼</a><a name="3880719" id="comment_anchor_3880719"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-03 17:40</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3880719" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1311333/" target="_blank">randome_lee</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/randome_lee" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3880719" class="blog_comment_body">文件操作中的U选项解释的有问题<br><br>U选项不能和+同用</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3880719,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3880719,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3895969" class="layer">#21楼</a><a name="3895969" id="comment_anchor_3895969"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-23 19:40</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3895969" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/hyan0913/" target="_blank">落叶心声</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E8%90%BD%E5%8F%B6%E5%BF%83%E5%A3%B0" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3895969" class="blog_comment_body">真的很受益，我现在正读博士，学的是计算化学，想学python语言，Alex老师教学很容易让人懂，学起来不那么枯燥，我会一直坚持下去的。</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3895969,'Digg',this)">支持(2)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3895969,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3895969_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1313448/20180110181140.png</span>
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<a href="#3896770" class="layer">#22楼</a><a name="3896770" id="comment_anchor_3896770"></a>[<span class="louzhu">楼主</span>] <span class="comment_date">2018-01-24 20:52</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3896770" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/" target="_blank">金角大王</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E9%87%91%E8%A7%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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落叶心声
我靠， PHD呀， 学霸好。
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<a href="#3896775" class="layer">#23楼</a><a name="3896775" id="comment_anchor_3896775"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-24 21:02</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3896775" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/hyan0913/" target="_blank">落叶心声</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E8%90%BD%E5%8F%B6%E5%BF%83%E5%A3%B0" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3896775" class="blog_comment_body">跟老师比起来差远了，我要向你学习。</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3896775,'Digg',this)">支持(1)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3896775,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3896775_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1313448/20180110181140.png</span>
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<a href="#3897013" class="layer">#24楼</a><a name="3897013" id="comment_anchor_3897013"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-25 10:19</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3897013" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1324392/" target="_blank">jym5278</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/jym5278" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3897013" class="blog_comment_body">感觉老师讲得比较祥细的，</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3897013,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3897013,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3897523" class="layer">#25楼</a><a name="3897523" id="comment_anchor_3897523"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-25 19:09</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3897523" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1323439/" target="_blank">慕小夏</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%8F" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3897523" class="blog_comment_body">才开始学，来得及不。。。</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3897523,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3897523,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3898108" class="layer">#26楼</a><a name="3898108" id="comment_anchor_3898108"></a>[<span class="louzhu">楼主</span>] <span class="comment_date">2018-01-26 14:50</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3898108" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/" target="_blank">金角大王</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E9%87%91%E8%A7%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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慕小夏
种一棵树最好的时间是10年前，其次是现在。
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<a href="#3898604" class="layer">#27楼</a><a name="3898604" id="comment_anchor_3898604"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-27 14:28</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3898604" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1320764/" target="_blank">Wait_yesterday</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/Wait_yesterday" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3898604" class="blog_comment_body">学习，学习，学习😊</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3898604,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3898604,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3898671" class="layer">#28楼</a><a name="3898671" id="comment_anchor_3898671"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-27 16:20</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3898671" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1324635/" target="_blank">asiawyz</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/asiawyz" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3898671" class="blog_comment_body">老师，感觉自己学Python很开心，但和自己专业方向（材料）不一样，所以比较困惑，我要不要坚持学下去？</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3898671,'Digg',this)">支持(1)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3898671,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3898928" class="layer">#29楼</a><a name="3898928" id="comment_anchor_3898928"></a>[<span class="louzhu">楼主</span>] <span class="comment_date">2018-01-28 10:44</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3898928" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/" target="_blank">金角大王</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E9%87%91%E8%A7%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3898928" class="blog_comment_body"><a href="#3898671" title="查看所回复的评论" onclick="commentManager.renderComments(0,50,3898671);">@</a>
asiawyz
喜欢就干 ，想这么多干嘛。
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<a href="#3899403" class="layer">#30楼</a><a name="3899403" id="comment_anchor_3899403"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-01-29 11:18</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3899403" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/laoli1020/" target="_blank">老李头儿</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E8%80%81%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%B4%E5%84%BF" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3899403" class="blog_comment_body">老师写的真好</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3899403,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3899403,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3899403_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1325431/20180720224010.png</span>
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<a href="#3923952" class="layer">#31楼</a><a name="3923952" id="comment_anchor_3923952"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-03-15 16:32</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3923952" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/hcma/" target="_blank">马马</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/%E9%A9%AC%E9%A9%AC" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3923952" class="blog_comment_body">认真！！！</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3923952,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3923952,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3924674" class="layer">#32楼</a><a name="3924674" id="comment_anchor_3924674"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-03-16 10:44</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3924674" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/Jame-mei/" target="_blank">Jame-Mei</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/Jame-Mei" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3924674" class="blog_comment_body">看完依然懵逼......更乱了</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3924674,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3924674,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3924674_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1346561/20180309105016.png</span>
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<a href="#3943307" class="layer">#33楼</a><a name="3943307" id="comment_anchor_3943307"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-04-06 10:57</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3943307" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/sweeping-monk/" target="_blank">sweeping-monk</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/sweeping-monk" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3943307" class="blog_comment_body">老师我来了，学习受教了</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3943307,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3943307,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3951125" class="layer">#34楼</a><a name="3951125" id="comment_anchor_3951125"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-04-13 22:25</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3951125" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/Gary-X/" target="_blank">Gary_X</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/Gary_X" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3951125" class="blog_comment_body">老师作业答案在哪</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3951125,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3951125,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3951125_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1354773/20180318151412.png</span>
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<a href="#3954763" class="layer">#35楼</a><a name="3954763" id="comment_anchor_3954763"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-04-18 15:43</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3954763" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1367190/" target="_blank">diegoye</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/diegoye" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3954763" class="blog_comment_body">you dongxi</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3954763,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3954763,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#3960704" class="layer">#36楼</a><a name="3960704" id="comment_anchor_3960704"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-04-25 13:29</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3960704" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/zfy0413/" target="_blank">SuperZFY</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/SuperZFY" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3960704" class="blog_comment_body">有丶东西。</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3960704,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3960704,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3960704_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1377950/20180416153810.png</span>
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<a href="#3966983" class="layer">#37楼</a><a name="3966983" id="comment_anchor_3966983"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-05-04 10:33</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3966983" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/petrolero/" target="_blank">petrolero</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/petrolero" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3966983" class="blog_comment_body">666，写的很是详细</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3966983,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3966983,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div><span id="comment_3966983_avatar" style="display:none;">http://pic.cnblogs.com/face/1380738/20180419140807.png</span>
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<a href="#3982309" class="layer">#38楼</a><a name="3982309" id="comment_anchor_3982309"></a> <span class="comment_date">2018-05-25 17:55</span> <a id="a_comment_author_3982309" href="http://home.cnblogs.com/u/1407175/" target="_blank">JuncBlogs</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/JuncBlogs" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_3982309" class="blog_comment_body"><div class="cnblogs_Highlighter sh-gutter"><div><div id="highlighter_961443" class="syntaxhighlighter python"><div class="toolbar"><span><a href="#" class="toolbar_item command_help help">?</a></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1">6</div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2">7</div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1">8</div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2">9</div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1">10</div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2">11</div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1">12</div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2">13</div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1">14</div><div 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alt2">35</div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1">36</div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2">37</div><div class="line number38 index37 alt1">38</div><div class="line number39 index38 alt2">39</div><div class="line number40 index39 alt1">40</div><div class="line number41 index40 alt2">41</div><div class="line number42 index41 alt1">42</div><div class="line number43 index42 alt2">43</div><div class="line number44 index43 alt1">44</div><div class="line number45 index44 alt2">45</div><div class="line number46 index45 alt1">46</div><div class="line number47 index46 alt2">47</div><div class="line number48 index47 alt1">48</div><div class="line number49 index48 alt2">49</div><div class="line number50 index49 alt1">50</div><div class="line number51 index50 alt2">51</div><div class="line number52 index51 alt1">52</div><div class="line number53 index52 alt2">53</div><div class="line number54 index53 alt1">54</div><div class="line number55 index54 alt2">55</div><div class="line number56 index55 alt1">56</div><div class="line number57 index56 alt2">57</div><div class="line number58 index57 alt1">58</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="python comments">#__author: JuncWang</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="python comments">#date: 2018/5/25</code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> </div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="python plain">f </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">open</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">'access'</code><code class="python plain">,</code><code class="python string">'r'</code><code class="python plain">,encoding</code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python string">'utf-8'</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="python plain">data </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">''</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="python keyword">for</code> <code class="python plain">line </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">f:</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">data </code><code class="python keyword">+</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">line.strip()</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="python plain">f.close()</code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="python plain">data </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">eval</code><code class="python plain">(data)</code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> </div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="python plain">list_any </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">[data]</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="python plain">list_tmp </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">data</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> </div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="python plain">loopAll </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python color1">True</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="python plain">isWrite </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python color1">False</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> </div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="python keyword">while</code> <code class="python plain">loopAll:</code></div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_tmp </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">list_any[</code><code class="python keyword">-</code><code class="python value">1</code><code class="python plain">]</code></div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">for</code> <code class="python plain">name </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">list_tmp:</code></div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(name)</code></div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> </div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"请输入想要查看的列表名[退出:q,上一级:b,添加:a,删除:d]"</code><code class="python plain">.center(</code><code class="python value">50</code><code class="python plain">,</code><code class="python string">'='</code><code class="python plain">))</code></div><div class="line number23 index22 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">inputName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">input</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">'===>>:\t'</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> </div><div class="line number25 index24 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">if</code> <code class="python plain">inputName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python string">'q'</code><code class="python plain">: loopAll </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python color1">False</code></div><div class="line number26 index25 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">elif</code> <code class="python plain">inputName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python string">'b'</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number27 index26 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">if</code> <code class="python functions">len</code><code class="python plain">(list_any) </code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python value">1</code><code class="python plain">: </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"不能继续返回"</code><code class="python plain">.center(</code><code class="python value">50</code><code class="python plain">,</code><code class="python string">'='</code><code class="python plain">))</code></div><div class="line number28 index27 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">else</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number29 index28 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_any.pop()</code></div><div class="line number30 index29 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_tmp </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">list_any[</code><code class="python keyword">-</code><code class="python value">1</code><code class="python plain">]</code></div><div class="line number31 index30 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">elif</code> <code class="python plain">inputName </code><code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">list_tmp:</code></div><div class="line number32 index31 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">if</code> <code class="python functions">len</code><code class="python plain">(list_tmp[inputName]) </code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python value">0</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number33 index32 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"当前层级无资料，你可以输入:a 进行添加资料"</code><code class="python plain">.center(</code><code class="python value">50</code><code class="python plain">, </code><code class="python string">'='</code><code class="python plain">))</code></div><div class="line number34 index33 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_any.append(list_tmp[inputName])</code></div><div class="line number35 index34 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">elif</code> <code class="python plain">inputName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python string">'d'</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">delName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">input</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"请输入需要删除的省市县名称 :\t"</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">if</code> <code class="python plain">delName </code><code class="python keyword">not</code> <code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">list_tmp:</code></div><div class="line number38 index37 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"你输入的名称不存在"</code><code class="python plain">.center(</code><code class="python value">50</code><code class="python plain">, </code><code class="python string">'='</code><code class="python plain">))</code></div><div class="line number39 index38 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">else</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number40 index39 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_tmp.pop(delName)</code></div><div class="line number41 index40 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">isWrite </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python color1">True</code></div><div class="line number42 index41 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">elif</code> <code class="python plain">inputName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python string">'a'</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number43 index42 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">addName </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">input</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"请输入需要添加的省市县名称 :\t"</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number44 index43 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">if</code> <code class="python plain">addName </code><code class="python keyword">not</code> <code class="python keyword">in</code> <code class="python plain">list_tmp:</code></div><div class="line number45 index44 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_tmp[addName] </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">eval</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">'{}'</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number46 index45 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">isWrite </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python color1">True</code></div><div class="line number47 index46 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">else</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number48 index47 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"你输入的名称已存在"</code><code class="python plain">.center(</code><code class="python value">50</code><code class="python plain">,</code><code class="python string">'='</code><code class="python plain">))</code></div><div class="line number49 index48 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">else</code><code class="python plain">:</code></div><div class="line number50 index49 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python functions">print</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">"输入错误，请重新输入"</code><code class="python plain">.center(</code><code class="python value">50</code><code class="python plain">,</code><code class="python string">'='</code><code class="python plain">))</code></div><div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> </div><div class="line number52 index51 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python keyword">if</code> <code class="python plain">isWrite:</code></div><div class="line number53 index52 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">list_any[</code><code class="python keyword">-</code><code class="python value">1</code><code class="python plain">] </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python plain">list_tmp</code></div><div class="line number54 index53 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">f </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python functions">open</code><code class="python plain">(</code><code class="python string">'access'</code><code class="python plain">, </code><code class="python string">'w'</code><code class="python plain">, encoding</code><code class="python keyword">=</code><code class="python string">'utf-8'</code><code class="python plain">)</code></div><div class="line number55 index54 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">f.write(</code><code class="python functions">str</code><code class="python plain">(list_any[</code><code class="python value">0</code><code class="python plain">]))</code></div><div class="line number56 index55 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">f.flush()</code></div><div class="line number57 index56 alt2"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">f.close()</code></div><div class="line number58 index57 alt1"><code class="python spaces"> </code><code class="python plain">isWrite </code><code class="python keyword">=</code> <code class="python color1">False</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(3982309,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(3982309,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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<a href="#4003523" class="layer">#39楼</a><a name="4003523" id="comment_anchor_4003523"></a><span id="comment-maxId" style="display:none;">4003523</span><span id="comment-maxDate" style="display:none;">2018/6/22 16:08:06</span> <span class="comment_date">2018-06-22 16:08</span> <a id="a_comment_author_4003523" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/karyn/" target="_blank">karyn_huang</a> <a href="http://msg.cnblogs.com/send/karyn_huang" title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This"> </a>
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<div id="comment_body_4003523" class="blog_comment_body">学这个还有这么大的福利</div><div class="comment_vote"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_digg" onclick="return voteComment(4003523,'Digg',this)">支持(0)</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="comment_bury" onclick="return voteComment(4003523,'Bury',this)">反对(0)</a></div>
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