Quartz3.0定时任务学习之异步调度器

前言

Quartz3与Quartz2的主要区别有两点：

1，Quartz3将它的资源类库拆的更细了，比如，想使用Quartz3开发，最少要引用Quartz，Quartz.Jobs，Quartz.Plugins这三个类库。

2，Quartz3整体上使用的是异步创建实例，所以我们使用时就必须要async，await的语法。

下面我们用Quartz3来做一个任务调度。

创建调度器管理类

首先创建Jops类库，然后在Nuget中搜索Quartz.Plugins；如下图：

因为Quartz.Plugins依赖于Quartz，所以引入Quartz.Plugins就会自动引入Quartz。

然后我们创建任务调度管理类—ScheduleControler。代码如下：

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public class ScheduleControler
​
{
    private static IScheduler scheduler;
    private static Dictionary<IJobDetail, IReadOnlyCollection<ITrigger>> dicJop = new Dictionary<IJobDetail, IReadOnlyCollection<ITrigger>>();
     
    private static int triggerId = 0;
    private static string defaultGroupName = "默认组";
    /// <summary>
    /// 初始化调度器
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static async Task Init()
    {
        try
        {
            //quartz.config配置文件里的键值对
            //NameValueCollection props = new NameValueCollection
            //{
            //   { "quartz.serializer.type", "binary" }
            //};
            StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); 
            scheduler = await factory.GetScheduler(); 
            await scheduler.Start(); 
        }
        catch (SchedulerException se)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(se);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 运行调度器任务
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static async Task Run()
    {
        try
        {
            await scheduler.ScheduleJobs(dicJop, true);
​
        }
        catch (SchedulerException se)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(se);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 关闭调度器
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static async Task Shutdown()
    {
        try
        { 
            await scheduler.Shutdown(); 
​
        }
        catch (SchedulerException se)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(se);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 添加任务
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">任务类型，继承Ijop</typeparam>
    /// <param name="jopName">任务名</param>
    /// <param name="Interval">运行间隔时间/秒**最小为1秒</param>
    /// <param name="period">等待启动时间/秒**-1为马上启动</param>
    /// <param name="repeatTime">重复次数**-1为永远运行</param>
    /// <param name="endAt">在指定时间后结束/秒**0为不指定结束时间，默认值0</param>
    public static void PushJop<T>(string jopName, int Interval, int period=-1,int repeatTime=-1,int endAt=0)  where T:IJob
        {
            try
            {
                if (Interval <= 0)
                {
                    Interval = 1;
                }
                if (period < -1)
                {
                    period = -1;
                }
                if (repeatTime < -1)
                {
                    repeatTime = -1;
                } 
                if (endAt < 0)
                {
                    endAt = -1;
                }
                IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<T>().WithIdentity(jopName, defaultGroupName).UsingJobData("Name", "IJobDetail").Build();
             
                var triggerBuilder  = TriggerBuilder.Create().WithIdentity($"{jopName}.trigger{triggerId}", defaultGroupName);
                if (period == -1)
                {
                    triggerBuilder = triggerBuilder.StartNow();
                }
                else
                {
                    DateTimeOffset dateTimeOffset = DateTimeOffset.Now.AddSeconds(period);
                    triggerBuilder = triggerBuilder.StartAt(dateTimeOffset);
                }
                if (endAt > 0)
                {
                    triggerBuilder = triggerBuilder.EndAt(new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(endAt)));
                }  
​
                if (repeatTime == -1)
                {
                    triggerBuilder = triggerBuilder.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x.WithIntervalInSeconds(Interval).RepeatForever());  
                }
                else
                {
                    triggerBuilder = triggerBuilder.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x.WithRepeatCount(Interval).WithRepeatCount(repeatTime));
                }
                ITrigger trigger = triggerBuilder.UsingJobData("Name", "ITrigger")
                     .WithPriority(triggerId)//设置触发器优先级,当有多个触发器在相同时间出发时,优先级最高[数字最大]的优先
                     .Build(); 
​
                dicJop.Add(job, new HashSet<ITrigger>() { trigger }); 
                triggerId++; 
            }
            catch (SchedulerException se)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(se);
            }
        }
​
    public static void PushJop<T>(string jopName, string cronExpress) where T : IJob
    {
        try
        { 
            IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<T>().WithIdentity(jopName, defaultGroupName).UsingJobData("Name", "IJobDetail").Build(); 
            ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
               .WithIdentity($"{jopName}.trigger{triggerId}", defaultGroupName)
               .WithCronSchedule(cronExpress)
               .ForJob(job)
               .Build(); 
            dicJop.Add(job, new HashSet<ITrigger>() { trigger });
            triggerId++;
        }
        catch (SchedulerException se)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(se);
        }
    } 
}

可以看到调度器管理类中包含四个主要函数，如下：

运行调度器任务(Run)

初始化调度器(Init)

关闭调度器(Shutdown)

添加任务(PushJop)

应用程序通过这四个函数的调用，就可以使用Quartz了。

添加配置文件

quartz.config

quartz.config是调度器工厂StdSchedulerFactory的配置文件，我们可以在初始化调度器时配置，但显然在配置文件里设置更易于修改。

quartz.config内容如下：

# You can configure your scheduler in either <quartz> configuration section
# or in quartz properties file
# Configuration section has precedence
​
quartz.scheduler.instanceName = QuartzTest
​
# configure thread pool info
quartz.threadPool.type = Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz
quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10
quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = Normal
​
# job initialization plugin handles our xml reading, without it defaults are used
quartz.plugin.xml.type = Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz.Plugins
#指定quartz_jobs.xml路径
#quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames = ~/quartz_jobs.xml
​
# export this server to remoting context 使用CrystalQuartz 放开如下注释
quartz.scheduler.exporter.type = Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz
quartz.scheduler.exporter.port = 555
quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName = QuartzScheduler
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType = tcp
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelName = httpQuartz

如果在初始化时配置，参考如下代码：

NameValueCollection props = new NameValueCollection
{
   { "quartz.serializer.type", "binary" }
};
StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(props); 

quartz_jobs.xml

quartz_jobs.xml是任务配置文件，用于配置任务的。不过本文的调度器管理类已经通过的PushJop函数对任务进行了配置，所以就不需要在quartz_jobs.xml文件中配置了，不过为了测试方便，我们还是添加一个quartz_jobs.xml文件，因为quartz.config文件中指定配置了quartz_jobs.xml，所以没有它会异常。

这里我们添加一个空的quartz_jobs.xml文件，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- This file contains job definitions in schema version 2.0 format -->
<job-scheduling-data xmlns="http://quartznet.sourceforge.net/JobSchedulingData" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.0">
  <processing-directives>
    <overwrite-existing-data>true</overwrite-existing-data>
  </processing-directives> 
  <schedule> 
  </schedule>
</job-scheduling-data>

创建任务

创建一个任务类(Jop)用于处理业务操作，任务类需继承IJop接口，代码如下。

public class HelloJob : IJob
{
    public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
    {
        Task task = new Task(() => {
            LogicMethod(context);
        });
        task.Start();
        await task;
    }
    public void LogicMethod(IJobExecutionContext context)
    {
        Console.Out.WriteLine($"HelloJob DateTime:{DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")}  Key:{context.JobDetail.Key} ");
    } 
}　

测试Quartz

创建一个新控制台项目—QuartzNetTest，引入Jops类库和Quartz.Plugins。

然后修改Main函数，配置HelloJob任务每三秒运行一次，如下：

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    ScheduleControler.Init().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
    ScheduleControler.PushJop<HelloJob>("HelloWord", 3);
    ScheduleControler.Run().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
    var info = Console.ReadKey();
    if (info.Key == ConsoleKey.Enter)
    {
        ScheduleControler.Shutdown().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
        Console.WriteLine("结束");
    }
    Console.Read();
}

运行项目，如下图：

Quartz运行成功。

Quartz任务管理器

QuartzNet除了定时运行任务，还提供了任务管理器。下面我们一起新建一个Quartz的任务管理。

创建一个空的Web项目——QuartzNetWebManager。

添加依赖类库

Nuget搜索CrystalQuartz.Remote安装。

再搜索Quartz安装，注意这里安装的Quartz不是Quartz.Plugins。

这样Quartz的任务管理就创建完成了。

然后我们打开WebConfig，可以看到configuration下多了一个crystalQuartz节点，webServer下多了一个handlers，阅读配置文件，发现Quartz的任务管理器指定了网页CrystalQuartzPanel.axd为访问地址，。

WebConfig如下：

<crystalQuartz>
    <provider>
      <add property="Type" value="CrystalQuartz.Core.SchedulerProviders.RemoteSchedulerProvider, CrystalQuartz.Core" />
      <!-- Edit scheduler host value below =================================== -->
      <add property="SchedulerHost" value="tcp://localhost:555/QuartzScheduler" />
      <!--                                 =================================== -->
    </provider>
</crystalQuartz>
<system.webServer>
    <handlers>
      <add name="CrystalQuartzPanel" verb="*" path="CrystalQuartzPanel.axd" type="CrystalQuartz.Web.PagesHandler, CrystalQuartz.Web" />
    </handlers>
  </system.webServer>