Lnamp环境安装实录
将采用的开源软件：
Apache [WEB动态脚本服务器，做nginx的反向代理 8080端口]
Tengine [WEB静态文件服务器 80端口]
MySQL
PHP
1.Apache安装
A.apr安装
wget -c http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.5.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apr-1..5.tar.gz
cd apr-1.5.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make
make install
B.apr-util安装
wget -c wget http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
cd apr-util-1.5.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make
make install
C.pcre安装
wget -c ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.36.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.36.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.36
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make
make install
D.apache安装
wget -c http://mirror.symnds.com/software/Apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.10.tar.gz
tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.10.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.4.10
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so-rewrite=shared
--with-mpm=prefork
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
如果提示openssl(旧版)，运行
yum install openssl-devel
yum update openssl
make
make install
E.把apache加入系统service，开机自启动
cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
vim /etc/init.d/httpd
# beyound
# chkconfig: 35 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.
chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd
/sbin/chkconfig --add httpd
/sbin/chkconfig --list httpd
ln -s /sbin/chkconfig /usr/bin/chkconfig
ln -s /sbin/service /usr/bin/service
2.MySQL安装
A.准备工作
安装一些必须的软件：
yum install cmake automake autoconf libtool gcc g++ bison
yum install ncurses-devel
mkdir -p /data/mysql
mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld
groupadd mysql //添加一个mysql标准组
useradd -g mysql mysql //添加mysql用户并加到mysql组中
B.下载安装
wget -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.11.tar.gz/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/
tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.11.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.11
cmake
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql #安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ #数据文件存放位置
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc #my.cnf路径
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #支持MyIASM引擎
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #支持InnoDB引擎
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #支持InnoDB引擎
-DWITH_READLINE=1 #快捷键功能(我没用过)
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock #连接数据库socket路径
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 #端口
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 #允许从本地导入数据
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #安装支持数据库分区
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk #安装需要的字符集
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 #默认字符
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #默认字符集-DMYSQL_USER=mysql
如果安装过程中报错，解决错误后重新cmake前需删除CMakeCache.txt文件
make
make install
C.配置
配置文件
这一步中需要注意的是my.cnf的加载顺序，Linux优先级从高到低
/etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf，
高优先级的my.cnf设置会覆盖低优先级的my.cnf，所以一般把config文件copy到etc中即可。
#如果/etc下没有my.cnf
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
port=3306
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/www/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
wait-timeout = 30
max_connections = 512
max_allowed_packet=64M
slow_query_log
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/www/mysql/slow.log
log-error = /var/log/www/mysql/error.log
#数据目录的权限
chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld
chmod +x /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
#数据初始化
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
#设置软连接使mysql, mysqldump, mysqladmin这三个bin命令能在shell中直接运行
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin
#启动MySQL
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
--user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &
#配置开机自启动
vim /etc/rc.local
添加
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &
#修改mysql密码
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("newpassword") WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
create database db_test;
B.创建一个新用户用于管理 db_test 数据库
insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password)
values("localhost","admin",password("newpassword"));
flush privileges;
C.赋予权限
grant all privileges on db_test.* to db_test@localhost identified by 'newpassword';
3.Tengine[Nginx]安装
A.准备工作
需要下载的东西
wget -c http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
wget -c http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1e.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1e.tar.gz
wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
groupadd www //添加一个www标准组
useradd -g www www //添加www用户并加到www组中
B.下载安装
wget -c http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
cd tengine-2.1.0
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_realip_module
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_addition_module --with-http_ssl_module
--with-openssl=../openssl-1.0.1h
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.36
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.8
--add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_cache_purge-2.3
make
make install
C.配置
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#! /bin/sh
# Author: rui ding
# Modified: Geoffrey Grosenbach http://topfunky.com
# Modified: Clement NEDELCU
# Reproduced with express authorization from its contributors
set -e
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="nginx daemon"
NAME=nginx
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
# If the daemon file is not found, terminate the script.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
start() {
$DAEMON || echo -n " already running"
}
stop() {
$DAEMON -s quit || echo -n " not running"
}
reload() {
$DAEMON -s reload || echo -n " could not reload"
}
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
start
echo "."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
stop
echo "."
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."
reload
echo "reloaded."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
stop
# Sleep for two seconds before starting again, this should give the
# Nginx daemon some time to perform a graceful stop.
sleep 2
start
echo "."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
service nginx start
service nginx reload
service nginx restart
service nginx stop
vim /etc/rc.local
添加一行
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx &
4.PHP编译安装
A.yum安装相关库包
yum install gd-devel php-gd
yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum install freetype-devel freetype-demos freetype-utils
yum install libpng libpng-devel libpng10 libpng10-devel
yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel
yum install ImageMagick
yum install flex
yum install ImageMagick-devel
yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
yum install libxml2 curl curl-devel
yum -y install libtool libtool-ltdl-devel
yum install mhash-devel
yum install patch
B.可能需要源码编译的包
wget -c ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
make && make install
wget -c http://iweb.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mhash/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmhash
make && make install
C.编译安装
wget -c http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.6.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
tar -zxvf php-5.6.6.tar.gz
cd php-5.6.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--with-freetype-dir
--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib
--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath
--enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath
--enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm
--enable-sysvmsg --enable-inline-optimization
--with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm
--enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect
--enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt
--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
--with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets
--with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
--enable-ftp --enable-sigchild
--with-pear --enable-cli --enable-exif
--enable-calendar --with-bz2 --enable-pdo
--with-pdo-mysql --enable-freetype --disable-fileinfo
configure: error: Cannot find ldap.h
yum install openldap
yum install openldap-devel
Configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
centos: yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel
错误：configure: error: Cannot find ldap libraries in /usr/lib
解决办法:cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
错误：configure: error: Unable to find your mysql installation
解决办法：ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/bin/mysql_config
编译出错后重新编译时需先make clean再make
make
make install
修改apache的配置文件httpd.conf
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
然后在文本最后面添加
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
(注意，在apache安装目录下，modules下有libphp5.so，这是php安装时添加进去的，如果没有，php，你需要重装下)
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php .html
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5.环境整合
A.整合apache
mkdir -p /home/www/test.com
chown -R www.www /home/www
apache将被nginx代理，因此将apache的默认监听端口改为8080
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
将hosts定向到 Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
Listen 8080
User www
Group www
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm
</IfModule>
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
将里面的*:80全部改成yourdomain.name:8080
并添加虚拟hosts
<VirtualHost *:8080>
ServerAdmin webmaster@a.test.com
DocumentRoot "/home/www/test.com"
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
ServerName a.test.com
<Directory "/home/www/test.com">
AllowOverride None
Options None
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "/var/log/www/apache/a.test.com-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/www/apache/a.test.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
vim /home/www/test.com/phpinfo.php
<?php
echo phpinfo();
?>
service httpd start
访问http://a.test.com:8080/phpinfo.php
B.配置php-fpm
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
#开启php-fpm慢脚本日志
request_slowlog_timeout = 30
slowlog = /var/log/www/php/php-fpm.log.slow
#脚本等待时间
request_terminate_timeout = 120
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/www/php/php-fpm.log.error
log_level = notice
user = www
group = www
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 100
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 100
pm.max_requests = 1000
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
#将php-fpm整合成系统服务
vim /etc/init.d/php-fpm
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: php-fpm
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $network
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts php-fpm
# Description: starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
### END INIT INFO
prefix=/usr/local/php
exec_prefix=${prefix}
php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid
php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF"
wait_for_pid () {
try=0
while test $try -lt 35 ; do
case "$1" in
'created')
if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
'removed')
if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
esac
echo -n .
try=`expr $try + 1`
sleep 1
done
}
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting php-fpm "
$php_fpm_BIN $php_opts
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
fi
wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
stop)
echo -n "Gracefully shutting down php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID`
wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-quit"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
force-quit)
echo -n "Terminating php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID`
wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload service php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID`
echo " done"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload}"
exit 1
;;
esac
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
service php-fpm start
service php-fpm stop
service php-fpm reload
service php-fpm restart
#开机启动
vim /etc/rc.local
添加一行
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &
C.Nginx整合
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /var/log/www/nginx/error.log crit;
#error_log /var/log/www/nginx/error.log notice;
#error_log /var/log/www/nginx/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/a.test.com.conf
#反向代理
upstream www.test {
a.test.com:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
charset utf-8;
root /home/www/www.test;
location / {
index index.php index.html index.htm;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
#rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1 last;
#break;
}
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ { #開啟支持php
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #php fastcgi服務地址及端口
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
service nginx reload
D.Apache+nginx+php反向代理
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/a.test.com.conf
#反向代理
upstream www.test{
server a.test.com:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
charset utf-8;
root /home/www/test.com;
location / {
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ { #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #php fastcgi服務地址及端口
#fastcgi_index index.php;
#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
proxy_pass http://www.test; #apache反向代理
proxy_pass_header User-Agent;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 512k;
proxy_buffers 4 512k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 512k;
}
}
service nginx reload
再访问 http://www.test.com/phpinfo.php
系统已经用apache来解析动态请求了，反向代理配置正确
完成
