【Java多线程】线程间的通信

Wait/Notify

①wait/notify 必须与synchronized关键字配合使用。
②wait方法释放锁，notify方法不释放锁。
示例一个阻塞队列

public class MyQueue {

    //1 需要一个承装元素的集合 
    private LinkedList<Object> list = new LinkedList<Object>();

    //2 需要一个计数器
    private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);

    //3 需要制定上限和下限
    private final int minSize = 0;

    private final int maxSize ;

    //4 构造方法
    public MyQueue(int size){
        this.maxSize = size;
    }

    //5 初始化一个对象 用于加锁
    private final Object lock = new Object();


    //put(anObject): 把anObject加到BlockingQueue里,如果BlockQueue没有空间,则调用此方法的线程被阻断，直到BlockingQueue里面有空间再继续.
    public void put(Object obj){
        synchronized (lock) {
            while(count.get() == this.maxSize){
                try {
                    lock.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //1 加入元素
            list.add(obj);
            //2 计数器累加
            count.incrementAndGet();
            //3 通知另外一个线程（唤醒）
            lock.notify();
            System.out.println("新加入的元素为:" + obj);
        }
    }


    //take: 取走BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象,若BlockingQueue为空,阻断进入等待状态直到BlockingQueue有新的数据被加入.
    public Object take(){
        Object ret = null;
        synchronized (lock) {
            while(count.get() == this.minSize){
                try {
                    lock.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //1 做移除元素操作
            ret = list.removeFirst();
            //2 计数器递减
            count.decrementAndGet();
            //3 唤醒另外一个线程
            lock.notify();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public int getSize(){
        return this.count.get();
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final MyQueue mq = new MyQueue(5);
        mq.put("a");
        mq.put("b");
        mq.put("c");
        mq.put("d");
        mq.put("e");

        System.out.println("当前容器的长度:" + mq.getSize());

        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                mq.put("f");
                mq.put("g");
            }
        },"t1");

        t1.start();


        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Object o1 = mq.take();
                System.out.println("移除的元素为:" + o1);
                Object o2 = mq.take();
                System.out.println("移除的元素为:" + o2);
            }
        },"t2");


        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        t2.start();


    }



}

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CountDownLatch (实时的通信)

private volatile static List list = new ArrayList();    

    public void add(){
        list.add("bjsxt");
    }
    public int size(){
        return list.size();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final ListAdd2 list2 = new ListAdd2();

        // 1 实例化出来一个 lock
        // 当使用wait 和 notify 的时候 ， 一定要配合着synchronized关键字去使用
        //final Object lock = new Object();

        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //synchronized (lock) {
                        for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){
                            list2.add();
                            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素..");
                            Thread.sleep(500);
                            if(list2.size() == 5){
                                System.out.println("已经发出通知..");
                                countDownLatch.countDown();
                                //lock.notify();
                            }
                        }                       
                    //}
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }, "t1");

        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //synchronized (lock) {
                    if(list2.size() != 5){
                        try {
                            //System.out.println("t2进入...");
                            //lock.wait();
                            countDownLatch.await();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到通知线程停止..");
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                //}
            }
        }, "t2");   

        t2.start();
        t1.start();

    }