Tomcat通过自带的Cluster方式实现Session会话共享环境操作记录
一般来说,在多个tomcat集群业务中,session会话共享是必须的需求,不然前端nginx转发过来的请求不知道之前请求在哪台tomcat节点上，从而就找不到session以至于最终导致请求失败。要实现tomcat session共享有多种方案,今天介绍下使用tomcat自带的cluster方式，在多个tomcat节点间自动实时复制session信息，配置起来很简单。tomcat自带的这种session共享方案,对于规模较小的tomcat集群来说够用了，但这个方案的效率比较低，在大并发下表现并不好。所以大规模的tomcat集群还是建议使用memcache或者redis来实现session共享。
1）基础环境
ip 主机名 应用 端口 192.168.10.200 Nginx-node nginx1.12.2 80 192.168.10.201 Tomcat-node1 java8.131、tomcat8.0.53 8080 192.168.10.202 Tomcat-node2 java8.131、tomcat8.0.53 8080 下面操作在三台机器上同样执行： [root@Nginx-node ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final) 为了方便测试，关闭iptables防火墙和selinux。如果是生产环境，开启iptables后，需要开放对应的应用端口。 [root@Nginx-node ~]# setenforce 0 [root@Nginx-node ~]# getenforce disabled [root@Nginx-node ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux |grep "SELINUX=disabled" SELINUX=disabled [root@Nginx-node ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop 本案例环境部署中所需的软件下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1732gmtRpVh1zY_i4H85Ecw 提取密码:ze9d 下载到服务器上的/usr/local/src目录下.另外:节点服务器的系统时间一定要保持一致!!
2）安装Nginx（在192.168.10.200机器上操作）
[root@Nginx-node ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@Nginx-node src]# ll
total 8920
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 981687 Oct 27 2017 nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 5453234 Aug 23 2018 openssl-1.1.0i.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 2081413 Aug 23 2018 pcre-8.42.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 607698 Jan 16 2017 zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
安装依赖包
[root@Nginx-node src]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
安装pcre库
[root@Nginx-node src]# tar -zvxf pcre-8.42.tar.gz
[root@Nginx-node src]# cd pcre-8.42
[root@Nginx-node pcre-8.42]# ./configure && make && make install
安装zlib库
[root@Nginx-node pcre-8.42]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@Nginx-node src]# tar -zvxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
[root@Nginx-node src]# cd zlib-1.2.11
[root@Nginx-node zlib-1.2.11]# ./configure && make && make install
安装openssl
[root@Nginx-node zlib-1.2.11]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@Nginx-node src]# tar -zvxf openssl-1.1.0i.tar.gz
[root@Nginx-node src]# cd openssl-1.1.0i
[root@Nginx-node openssl-1.1.0i]# ./config && make && make install
安装nginx，特别注意要指定prce zlib openssl原码包位置
[root@Nginx-node openssl-1.1.0i]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@Nginx-node src]# tar -zvxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@Nginx-node src]# cd nginx-1.12.2
[root@Nginx-node nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.42 --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.1.0i
[root@Nginx-node nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
安装成功后配置nginx
[root@Nginx-node nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@Nginx-node conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@Nginx-node conf]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 8;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
######
## set access log format
######
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
#######
## http setting
#######
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 30000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 30000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 30000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
##cache##
client_header_timeout 60s;
client_body_timeout 60s;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 1m;
proxy_connect_timeout 5;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_send_timeout 5;
proxy_buffer_size 64k;
proxy_buffers 4 128k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 1m;
proxy_temp_path /home/temp_dir;
proxy_cache_path /home/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;
##end##
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
## includes vhosts
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[root@Nginx-node conf]# mkdir vhosts
[root@Nginx-node conf]# cd vhosts/
[root@Nginx-node vhosts]# vim lb_tomcat.conf
upstream tomcat-lb {
server 192.168.10.201:8080;
server 192.168.10.202:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.kevin.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat-lb;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|htm|html|css|ico|flv|swf)(.*) {
proxy_pass http://tomcat-lb;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_cache cache_one;
proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
proxy_cache_valid 301 1d;
proxy_cache_valid any 10m;
expires 30d;
proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
}
}
[root@Nginx-node vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@Nginx-node conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@Nginx-node conf]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 25292 root 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25293 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25294 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25295 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25296 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25297 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25298 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25299 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 25300 nobody 6u IPv4 19679665 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
将域名www.kevin.com解析到192.168.10.200上，访问http://www.kevin.com，发现访问请求结果会负载到192.168.10.201和192.168.10.202的tomcat上了。
3）安装tomcat（在192.168.10.201和192.168.10.202两台机器上操作）
安装java8环境。先卸载掉系统自带的java7，然后安装java8
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_131"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.9.0.el6_8-x86_64 u131-b00)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.131-b00, mixed mode)
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# yum -y remove java-1.7.0-openjdk*
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# yum -y remove tzdata-java.noarch
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# java -version
-bash: /usr/bin/java: No such file or directory
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# ll /usr/local/src/jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 169983496 Nov 19 2017 /usr/local/src/jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# rpm -ivh /usr/local/src/jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm --force
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# vim /etc/profile
......
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
JAVA_BIN=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/bin
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/bin:/sbin/
CLASSPATH=.:/lib/dt.jar:/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_131"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
安装配置tomcat8
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@Tomcat-node1 src]# ll apache-tomcat-8.0.53.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 9472492 Nov 9 2017 apache-tomcat-8.0.53.tar.gz
[root@Tomcat-node1 src]# tar -zvxf apache-tomcat-8.0.53.tar.gz
[root@Tomcat-node1 src]# mv apache-tomcat-8.0.53 /usr/local/tomcat8
现在开始进行tomcat自带cluster方式的session共享配置:
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/conf/
[root@Tomcat-node1 conf]# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[root@Tomcat-node1 conf]# vim server.xml
.......
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
找到上面这一行,在此行的下面直接复制以下内容,不用修改,直接复制就可以
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="6">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
mapSendOptions="6"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="192.168.10.201"
port="5000"
selectorTimeout="100"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
记得多个tomcat都需要配置，同一个集群里面配置信息保持一直就可以了。如果是其他集群，修改一下address就好了。
另一个tomcat节点直接拷贝这个server.xml文件,然后将address修改为192.168.10.202就可以了
==================================================================================================
配置好的server.xml可以直接使用,下载地址: https://pan.baidu.com/s/14Lgq97pyB_XLLu9j_CHtuw
提取密码:mrz4
==================================================================================================
然后还有一个重要配置不要忘记了!否则session将不能实现共享!!
在tomcat项目的WEB-INF/web.xml文件中添加<distributable/>.
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/ #两台tomcat节点都要修改
[root@Tomcat-node1 WEB-INF]# ls
web.xml
[root@Tomcat-node1 WEB-INF]# vim web.xml #直接在底部</web-app>的前面添加既可以
.......
<distributable/>
编写一个测试页面(直接修改index.jsp文件):
[root@Tomcat-node1 ~]# cat /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title> session test</title>
</head>
<body>
SessionID is <%=session.getId()%>
<BR>
SessionIP is <%=request.getServerName()%>
<BR>
SessionPort is <%=request.getServerPort()%>
<%
out.println("Response from tomcat-node1");
%>
%</body>
%</html>
另一个tomcat2节点的测试内容:
[root@Tomcat-node2 ~]# cat /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title> session test</title>
</head>
<body>
SessionID is <%=session.getId()%>
<BR>
SessionIP is <%=request.getServerName()%>
<BR>
SessionPort is <%=request.getServerPort()%>
<%
out.println("Response from tomcat-node2");
%>
%</body>
%</html>
然后重启两个节点的tomcat服务:
启动tomcat
[root@Tomcat-node1 src]# /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@Tomcat-node1 src]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 8477 1 87 03:11 pts/0 00:00:03 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat8/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -classpath /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat8 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat8 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat8/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 8528 6829 0 03:11 pts/0 00:00:00 grep tomcat
[root@Tomcat-node1 src]# lsof -i:8080
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
java 8477 root 49u IPv6 12974768 0t0 TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
4) Session共享测试
访问http://www.kevin.com,不断刷新页面,发现页面信息会改变,但是SessionID一直保持不变!!
关闭192.168.10.201或192.168.10.202两个中的任意一个tomcat服务,访问页面,不断刷新,SessionID都会一直保持不变!!
*************** 当你发现自己的才华撑不起野心时，就请安静下来学习吧！***************
