Nginx之https配置 - 运维笔记 (http->https强转)
一、Nginx安装（略）
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
Nginx安装方法：
# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install
二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书：
可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
比如生成如下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key
三、修改Nginx配置
server {
listen 443;
server_name www.wangshibo.com;
root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;
if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
http访问强制跳转到https
网站添加了https证书后，当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误，所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.
一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。
例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。
下面配置均可以实现：
配置1：
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
================================================================
上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改为下面
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
================================================================
配置2：
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //这是nginx最新支持的写法
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
二、采用nginx的497状态码 (非标准443端口的https情况下使用的强转配置方式)
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS
解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码
思路：
利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上
配置实例：
如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
也可以将80和443的配置放在一起：
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口
listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口
server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
#为一个server{......}开启ssl支持
ssl on;
#指定PEM格式的证书文件
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;
#指定PEM格式的私钥文件
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;
#让http请求重定向到https请求
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
如果遇到非标准443端口的https情况下，则http到https的强转配置就需要使用上面这种497状态码的方式了。如下:
server {
listen 9443 ssl;
server_name www.kevin.com;
error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key;
.........
这样访问http://www.kevin.com:9443 就会自动跳转到https://www.kevin.com:9443。
这种方式直接配置https端口就可以，不需要再配置http端口。
三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https
上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https
可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转
将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
<html>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
#将404的页面重定向到https的首页
error_page 404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
这里分享一个nginx反代tomcat，并且http强制跳转至https的配置示例（这里访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的）
[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log logs/access.log;
error_log logs/error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
location ~ / {
root /data/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf
upstream tomcat8 {
server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen 443;
server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
ssl on;
### SSL log files ###
access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
error_log logs/ssl-error.log;
### SSL cert files ###
ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}
四、通过proxy_redirec方式
解决办法： # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;
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