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ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

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安装完ORACEL 10g数据库后,启动数据库时遇到ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Apr 10 13:53:08 2014
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 
Connected to an idle instance.
 
SQL> startup
 
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 5033164800 bytes
 
Fixed Size 2027672 bytes
 
Variable Size 905973608 bytes
 
Database Buffers 4110417920 bytes
 
Redo Buffers 14745600 bytes
 
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
 

clip_image001

查看告警日志文件,发现有ORA-09968: unable to lock file 和Linux-x86_64 Error: 11: Resource temporarily unavailable等错误

[oracle@DB-Server bdump]$ tail -20f alert_epps.log 
 
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=24482
 
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=24484
 
CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=24486
 
MMON started with pid=11, OS id=24488
 
Thu Apr 10 13:53:42 2014
 
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
 
MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=24490
 
Thu Apr 10 13:53:42 2014
 
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
 
Thu Apr 10 13:53:42 2014
 
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
 
Thu Apr 10 13:53:42 2014
 
sculkget: failed to lock /u01/app/oracle//product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkEPPS exclusive
 
sculkget: lock held by PID: 20337
 
Thu Apr 10 13:53:42 2014
 
ORA-09968: unable to lock file
 
Linux-x86_64 Error: 11: Resource temporarily unavailable
 
Additional information: 20337
 
Thu Apr 10 13:53:42 2014
 
ORA-1102 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
 

clip_image002'

第一次遇到这种情况,于是网上搜索了一下资料,找到一篇相关文章http://blog.itpub.net/12272958/viewspace-716020,介绍了出现这种错误的三种情况:

      a、 Oracle的共享内存段或信号量没有被释放;

      b、 Oracle的后台进程(如SMON、PMON、DBWn等)没有被关闭;

      c、 用于锁内存的文件lk<sid>和sgadef<sid>.dbf文件没有被删除。

看了文章前面一部分。便武断的觉得应该是第三者情况(由于告警日志中出现了相关信息):“用于锁内存的文件lk<sid>和sgadef<sid>.dbf文件没有被删除”。于是动手操作(太心急,这毛病老是难以改变),关闭数据库实例,删除/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkEPPS文件后,重新启动数据库。结果作者的经历又在我身上重演了一次。

启动时候报ORA-00205错误

clip_image003

SQL> shutdown immediate;
 
ORA-01507: database not mounted
 
ORACLE instance shut down.
 
SQL> startup
 
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 5033164800 bytes
 
Fixed Size 2027672 bytes
 
Variable Size 905973608 bytes
 
Database Buffers 4110417920 bytes
 
Redo Buffers 14745600 bytes
 
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
 

查看告警日志,有如下错误信息:

clip_image004

RECO started with pid=9, OS id=24887
 
CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=24889
 
MMON started with pid=11, OS id=24891
 
Thu Apr 10 14:04:05 2014
 
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
 
MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=24894
 
Thu Apr 10 14:04:06 2014
 
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
 
Thu Apr 10 14:04:06 2014
 
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
 
Thu Apr 10 14:04:06 2014
 
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/epps/control01.ctl'
 
ORA-27086: unable to lock file - already in use
 
Linux-x86_64 Error: 11: Resource temporarily unavailable
 
Additional information: 8
 
Additional information: 20341
 
Thu Apr 10 14:04:09 2014
 
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
 

于是索性静下心来多了解一下这个问题,在网上查看了大量关于ORA-01102的文章。这篇博客http://blog.itpub.net/20674423/viewspace-711545对这个问题阐述得比较清晰。下面是Metalink关于ORA-01102的解释以及解决方法:

Problem Description:

====================

You are trying to startup the database and you receive the following error:

ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

Cause: Some other instance has the database mounted exclusive or shared.

Action: Shutdown other instance or mount in a compatible mode.

Problem Explanation:

====================

A database is started in EXCLUSIVE mode by default. Therefore, the ORA-01102 error is misleading and may have occurred due to one of the following reasons:

- there is still an "sgadef<sid>.dbf" file in the "ORACLE_HOME/dbs"  directory

- the processes for Oracle (pmon, smon, lgwr and dbwr) still exist

- shared memory segments and semaphores still exist even though the

database has been shutdown

- there is a "ORACLE_HOME/dbs/lk<sid>" file

Search Words:

=============

ORA-1102, crash, immediate, abort, fail, fails, migration

Solution Description:

=====================

Verify that the database was shutdown cleanly by doing the following:

1. Verify that there is not a "sgadef<sid>.dbf" file in the directory "ORACLE_HOME/dbs".

        % ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef<sid>.dbf  If this file does exist, remove it.

        % rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef<sid>.dbf

2. Verify that there are no background processes owned by "oracle"

       % ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep $ORACLE_SID

If background processes exist, remove them by using the Unix

command "kill". For example:

     % kill -9 <rocess_ID_Number>

3. Verify that no shared memory segments and semaphores that are owned by "oracle" still exist

% ipcs -b

If there are shared memory segments and semaphores owned by "oracle", remove the shared memory segments

        % ipcrm -m <Shared_Memory_ID_Number>

and remove the semaphores

       % ipcrm -s <Semaphore_ID_Number>

NOTE: The example shown above assumes that you only have one

database on this machine. If you have more than one

database, you will need to shutdown all other databases

before proceeding with Step 4.

4. Verify that the "$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/lk<sid>" file does not exist

5. Startup the instance

Solution Explanation:

=====================

The "lk<sid>" and "sgadef<sid>.dbf" files are used for locking shared memory. It seems that even though no memory is allocated, Oracle thinks memory is still locked. By removing the "sgadef" and "lk" files you remove any knowledge oracle has of shared memory that is in use. Now the database can start.

参考资料:

http://blog.itpub.net/12272958/viewspace-716020

http://blog.itpub.net/20674423/viewspace-711545

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