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ORACLE MERGE 介绍

2011-06-23 23:45  潇湘隐者  阅读(12381)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
MERGE语句是Oracle9i新增的语法,用来合并UPDATE和INSERT语句。 通过MERGE语句,根据一张表或多表联合查询的连接条件对另外一张表进行查询,连接条件匹配上的进行UPDATE,无法匹配的执行INSERT。这个语法仅需要一次全表扫描就完成了全部工作,执行效率要高于INSERT+UPDATE。通过这个MERGE你能够在一个SQL语句中对一个表同时执行INSERT和UPDATE操作. 在 Oracle 10g中MERGE有一些新特性,后面我会介绍这些新特征。先看看MERGE语法如下:
MERGE INTO DM.TM_WGG_SYSVLRUSER_HR DM USING                     
(                                                               
        
SELECT DATE_CD,                                         
               HR_CD,                                           
               DATE_HR,
               DECODE(
GROUPING(CITY_ID), 19999, CITY_ID) AS CITY_ID,
               DECODE(
GROUPING(SYSTEM_ID), 1-9999, SYSTEM_ID) AS SYSTEM_ID,
               
SUM(GSM_REG_USERCNT) AS GSM_REG_USERCNT,
               
SUM(TD_REG_USERCNT) AS TD_REG_USERCNT,
               
SUM(TD_REG_USERRAT) AS TD_REG_USERRAT,
               
SUM(GSM_POWERON_USERCNT) AS GSM_POWERON_USERCNT,
               
SUM(TD_POWERON_USERCNT) AS TD_POWERON_USERCNT,
               
SUM(TD_POWERON_USERRAT) AS TD_POWERON_USERRAT
        
FROM   DM.TM_WGG_SYSVLRUSER_HR
         
GROUP BY DATE_HR, DATE_CD, HR_CD, ROLLUP(SYSTEM_ID),ROLLUP(CITY_ID)
) TMP
ON
(
                    DM.DATE_CD   
= TMP.DATE_CD 
            
AND DM.HR_CD        = TMP.HR_CD 
            
AND DM.CITY_ID   = TMP.CITY_ID 
            
AND DM.SYSTEM_ID = TMP.SYSTEM_ID
)
WHEN MATCHED THEN  UPDATE  SET
      DM.GSM_REG_USERCNT 
= TMP.GSM_REG_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_REG_USERCNT 
= TMP.TD_REG_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_REG_USERRAT 
= TMP.TD_REG_USERRAT,
      DM.GSM_POWERON_USERCNT  
= TMP.GSM_POWERON_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_POWERON_USERCNT 
= TMP.TD_POWERON_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_POWERON_USERRAT 
= TMP.TD_POWERON_USERRAT,
      DM.DATE_HR 
= TMP.DATE_HR
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN   
INSERT
(
      DM.DATE_CD,
      DM.HR_CD,
      DM.DATE_HR,
      DM.CITY_ID,
      DM.SYSTEM_ID,
      DM.GSM_REG_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_REG_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_REG_USERRAT,
      DM.GSM_POWERON_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_POWERON_USERCNT,
      DM.TD_POWERON_USERRAT
)
VALUES

      TMP.DATE_CD,
      TMP.HR_CD,
      TMP.DATE_HR,
      TMP.CITY_ID,
      TMP.SYSTEM_ID,
      TMP.GSM_REG_USERCNT,
      TMP.TD_REG_USERCNT,
      TMP.TD_REG_USERRAT,
      TMP.GSM_POWERON_USERCNT,
      TMP.TD_POWERON_USERCNT,
      TMP.TD_POWERON_USERRAT

);

 

 在ORACLE 10i中,MERGE有如下一些新特性。

1、UPDATE或INSERT子句是可选的     
假如某个系统中,有个订单表,现在要求新增订单的记录都要反应到订单历史表ORDER_HISTORY中,我们可以如下写脚本
MERGE INTO ORDER_HISTORY H USING
(
      
SELECT ORDER_ID               ,--订单编号
             CUSTOMER_ID            ,--客户编号
             EMPLOYEE_ID            ,--员工编号
             ORDER_DATE             ,--订购日期;
             REQUIRED_DATE          ,--预计到达日期
             SHIPPED_DATE           ,--发货日期
             SHIPPER                ,--运货商
             FREIGHT                ,--运费
             SHIP_NAM               ,--货主姓名;
             SHIP_ADDRESS           ,--货主地址
             SHIP_CITY              ,--货主所在城市;
             SHIP_REGION            ,--货主所在地区;
             SHIP_POSTALCODE        ,--货主邮编
             SHIP_COUNTRY            --货主所在国家
      FROM  ORDER_DTL
      
WHERE TO_CHAR(ODER_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD'= '20110530' 
) O
ON
(
            O.ORDER_ID 
= H.ORDER_ID
)  
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
(
             H.ORDER_ID               ,
             H.CUSTOMER_ID            ,
             H.EMPLOYEE_ID            ,
             H.ORDER_DATE             ,
             H.REQUIRED_DATE          ,
             H.SHIPPED_DATE           ,
             H.SHIPPER                ,
             H.FREIGHT                ,
             H.SHIP_NAM               ,
             H.SHIP_ADDRESS           ,
             H.SHIP_CITY              ,
             H.SHIP_REGION            ,
             H.SHIP_POSTALCODE        ,
             H.SHIP_COUNTRY           
)
VALUES
(           
            O.ORDER_ID                ,
            O.CUSTOMER_ID             ,
            O.EMPLOYEE_ID             ,
            O.ORDER_DATE              ,
            O.REQUIRED_DATE           ,
            O.SHIPPED_DATE            ,
            O.SHIPPER                 ,
            O.FREIGHT                 ,
            O.SHIP_NAM                ,
            O.SHIP_ADDRESS            ,
            O.SHIP_CITY               ,
            O.SHIP_REGION             ,
            O.SHIP_POSTALCODE         ,
            O.SHIP_COUNTRY            

); 

从上可以看出,MATCHED 或NOT MATCHED是可选的。不必非得

WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
.....
WHEN MATCHED THEN INSERT

 

2、UPDATE和INSERT子句可以加WHERE子句                                           

现在由于需求改变,我们仅仅需要把员工1001的订单数据同步到订单历史记录表  

MERGE INTO ORDER_HISTORY H USING
(
      
SELECT ORDER_ID               ,--订单编号
             CUSTOMER_ID            ,--客户编号
             EMPLOYEE_ID            ,--员工编号
             ORDER_DATE             ,--订购日期;
             REQUIRED_DATE          ,--预计到达日期
             SHIPPED_DATE           ,--发货日期
             SHIPPER                ,--运货商
             FREIGHT                ,--运费
             SHIP_NAM               ,--货主姓名;
             SHIP_ADDRESS           ,--货主地址
             SHIP_CITY              ,--货主所在城市;
             SHIP_REGION            ,--货主所在地区;
             SHIP_POSTALCODE        ,--货主邮编
             SHIP_COUNTRY            --货主所在国家
      FROM   ORDER_DTL
) O
ON
(
            O.ORDER_ID 
= H.ORDER_ID
)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE    SET             
             H.CUSTOMER_ID         
=     O.CUSTOMER_ID       ,
             H.EMPLOYEE_ID         
=     O.EMPLOYEE_ID       ,
             H.ORDER_DATE          
=     O.ORDER_DATE        ,
             H.REQUIRED_DATE       
=     O.REQUIRED_DATE     ,
             H.SHIPPED_DATE        
=     O.SHIPPED_DATE      ,
             H.SHIPPER             
=     O.SHIPPER           ,
             H.FREIGHT             
=     O.FREIGHT           ,
             H.SHIP_NAM            
=     O.SHIP_NAM          ,
             H.SHIP_ADDRESS        
=     O.SHIP_ADDRESS      ,
             H.SHIP_CITY           
=     O.SHIP_CITY         ,
             H.SHIP_REGION        
=     O.SHIP_REGION       ,
             H.SHIP_POSTALCODE     
=     O.SHIP_POSTALCODE   ,
             H.SHIP_COUNTRY        
=     O.SHIP_COUNTRY      
       
WHERE O.EMPLOYEE_ID = 1001
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
(
             H.ORDER_ID               ,
             H.CUSTOMER_ID            ,
             H.EMPLOYEE_ID            ,
             H.ORDER_DATE             ,
             H.REQUIRED_DATE          ,
             H.SHIPPED_DATE           ,
             H.SHIPPER                ,
             H.FREIGHT                ,
             H.SHIP_NAM               ,
             H.SHIP_ADDRESS           ,
             H.SHIP_CITY              ,
             H.SHIP_REGION            ,
             H.SHIP_POSTALCODE        ,
             H.SHIP_COUNTRY           
)
VALUES
(           
            O.ORDER_ID                ,
            O.CUSTOMER_ID             ,
            O.EMPLOYEE_ID             ,
            O.ORDER_DATE              ,
            O.REQUIRED_DATE           ,
            O.SHIPPED_DATE            ,
            O.SHIPPER                 ,
            O.FREIGHT                 ,
            O.SHIP_NAM                ,
            O.SHIP_ADDRESS            ,
            O.SHIP_CITY               ,
            O.SHIP_REGION             ,
            O.SHIP_POSTALCODE         ,
            O.SHIP_COUNTRY            
)   

WHERE O.EMPLOYEE_ID = 1001  


 3、在ON条件中使用常量过滤谓词来insert所有的行到目标表中,不需要连接源表和目标表

 

 4、UPDATE子句后面可以跟DELETE子句来去除一些不需要的行