SpringMVC框架中DispatcherServlet分发请求给对应处理器的流程

写在前面

前面已经讲解了 详细解读 DispatcherServlet 初始化过程(带时序图),了解到 DispatcherServletinitStrategies(ApplicationContext context) 方法中初始化 HandlerMapping(处理器映射),HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器),HandlerExceptionResolver(异常解析器),ViewResolver(视图解析器)等等。

也掌握了 URL 映射是如何注册到 HandlerMapping 实现中的。

当然,我们常用的 @RequestMapping 比较复杂,所以再往后放放。先掌握拦截器和异常处理器的使用。

拦截器和异常处理器,都是在客户端(比如 Chrome 浏览器)请求时发挥作用的,所以在学习他们之前,我们先来了解一下 SpringMVC 框架中,DispatcherServlet 分发请求到对应处理器的流程。

从 Servlet 规范说起

当 Servlet 容器允许某个 servlet 对象响应请求时,就会调用 Servletvoid service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) 方法。

对于选择哪个 servlet 来响应请求的规则,百度 “servlet-mapping url-pattern”,一抓一大把。链接一篇排名靠前的 servlet的url-pattern匹配规则,介绍了四种匹配规则:

  • 精准匹配(/hello, /admin/home
  • 路径匹配(/hi/*, /hi/kendoizyu/*, /*
  • 扩展名匹配(*.action, *.jsp, *.htm
  • 缺省匹配(/

下面这张图是 Servlet 容器调用 service 方法运行到 doDispatch 的时序图:

  • HttpServlet # service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) 主要负责区分 HTTP METHOD,然后分发给 doGet,doPost 等等方法。

  • FrameworkServet # processRequest 负责“请求上下文”的保存和清理。这部分涉及到 ThreadLocal 相关的知识,更多分析可参考 SpringMVC之RequestContextHolder分析

  • FrameworkServet # doService 为 HttpServletRequest 暴露 DispatcherServlet 框架相关的属性。

  • FrameworkServet # doDispatch 为 HttpServletRequest 获取对应的处理器,适配器,执行处理方法,并且包含拦截逻辑。

doDispatch 中跟处理器相关的方法分别是 getHandlergetHandlerAdapterHandlerAdapter # handle

doDispatchHandlerAdapter # handle 前后分别有拦截器相关的方法 HandlerExecutionChain # applyPreHandleapplyPostHandletriggerAfterCompletion

本文重点关注和处理器相关的方法。

getHandler

为当前请求决定一个处理器。

DispatcherServlet # getHandler

@Nullable
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
                // 遍历 DispatcherServlet 中的 HandlerMapping 实例对象列表
		for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
                        // 具体的 HandlerMapping 实例对象调用 getHandler 方法
			HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
			if (handler != null) {
				return handler;
			}
		}
	}
	return null;
}

问题1:成员变量 handlerMappings 是怎么来的呢?

DispatcherServlet # initHandlerMappings -> 点击展开查看源码

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
	this.handlerMappings = null;
	if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
                // 找出 DispatcherServlet 和 ContextLoaderListener 上下文中所有实现 HandlerMapping 接口的 Bean
		// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
		Map matchingBeans =
				BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
		if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
			this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
			// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
			AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
		}
	}
	else {
                // 找出上下文中,名称为 handlerMapping 且实现 HandlerMapping 的 Bean
		try {
			HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
			this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
		}
		catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
			// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
		}
	}
	// Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
	// a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
	if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
                // Spring 框架默认的 HandlerMapping
		this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
					"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
		}
	}
}

阅读源码之后,我们发现初始化 handlerMappings 的方法中,分为自定义初始化多个或者单个 HandlerMapping Bean,如果没有自定义就按照框架默认的来:

  1. 默认检测所有 HandlerMapping Bean:所有实现 HandlerMapping 接口的 Bean

  2. 设置检测唯一 HandlerMapping Bean:名称为 handlerMapping 且实现 HandlerMapping 接口的 Bean。需要对 web.xml 的 <servlet> 做一点修改:

<init-param>
      <param-name>detectAllHandlerMappings</param-name>
      <param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
  1. 读取框架默认文件 DipatcherServlet.properties,获取 org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping 对应的 value。(开发者无法修改)
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping

AbstractHandlerMapping # getHandler

这个基类方法是通用的,学习掌握这个方法,基本上就知道 SpringMVC 获取处理器的方法。

@Override
@Nullable
public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
	if (handler == null) {
		handler = getDefaultHandler();
	}
	if (handler == null) {
		return null;
	}
	// Bean name or resolved handler?
	if (handler instanceof String) {
		String handlerName = (String) handler;
		handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
	}
	HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
	if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
		logger.trace("Mapped to " + handler);
	}
	else if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && !request.getDispatcherType().equals(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {
		logger.debug("Mapped to " + executionChain.getHandler());
	}
	if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
		CorsConfiguration globalConfig = this.corsConfigurationSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
		CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
		CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
		executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
	}
	return executionChain;
}

getHandlerInternal 方法实现目前有 2 种,一种在子类 AbstractUrlHandlerMapping 中,另一种在子类 AbstractHandlerMethodMapping 中。

getHandlerInternal

URL 与 类级别的处理器 映射

AbstractUrlHandlerMapping # getHandlerInternal -> 点击展开查看源码

@Override
@Nullable
protected Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
	Object handler = lookupHandler(lookupPath, request);
	if (handler == null) {
		// We need to care for the default handler directly, since we need to
		// expose the PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE for it as well.
		Object rawHandler = null;
		if ("/".equals(lookupPath)) {
			rawHandler = getRootHandler();
		}
		if (rawHandler == null) {
			rawHandler = getDefaultHandler();
		}
		if (rawHandler != null) {
			// Bean name or resolved handler?
			if (rawHandler instanceof String) {
				String handlerName = (String) rawHandler;
				rawHandler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
			}
			validateHandler(rawHandler, request);
			handler = buildPathExposingHandler(rawHandler, lookupPath, lookupPath, null);
		}
	}
	return handler;
}

执行时序图如下:

URL 与 方法级别的处理器 映射

AbstractHandlerMethodMapping # getHandlerInternal -> 点击展开查看源码

@Nullable
protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	List matches = new ArrayList<>();
	List directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath);
	if (directPathMatches != null) {
		addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
	}
	if (matches.isEmpty()) {
		// No choice but to go through all mappings...
		addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request);
	}
	if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
		Comparator comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
		matches.sort(comparator);
		Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
		if (matches.size() > 1) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace(matches.size() + " matching mappings: " + matches);
			}
			if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
				return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
			}
			Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
			if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
				Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
				Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
				String uri = request.getRequestURI();
				throw new IllegalStateException(
						"Ambiguous handler methods mapped for '" + uri + "': {" + m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
			}
		}
		request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE, bestMatch.handlerMethod);
		handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
		return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
	}
	else {
		return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
	}
}
private void addMatchingMappings(Collection mappings, List matches, HttpServletRequest request) {
	for (T mapping : mappings) {
		T match = getMatchingMapping(mapping, request);
		if (match != null) {
			matches.add(new Match(match, this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().get(mapping)));
		}
	}
}

执行时序图如下:

这两个处理器要详细讲解还得结合实例,这里就不多说了

getHandlerAdapter

通过 getHandler 方法,我们已经得到了“处理器”对象,但是“处理器”对象没有统一的接口,所以使用适配器模式进行统一适配。

protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
	if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
		for (HandlerAdapter adapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
			if (adapter.supports(handler)) {
				return adapter;
			}
		}
	}
	throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
			"]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
}

这里用到了 适配器模式,示意图如下:

除了 HandlerMethod 以外,其他的几个都是方法的直接转发。右图 HandlerAdapter 虚线框内的类,这是 supports(Object handler) 的目标对象,拿其中一个举例:

@Override
public boolean supports(Object handler) {
	return (handler instanceof HttpRequestHandler);
}

所谓的直接转发,看源码:

@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
		throws Exception {
        // 做了一步强转,就把剩下的交给接口方法处理了!
	((HttpRequestHandler) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
	return null;
}

doDispatch 中执行的“处理器”方法的正是这个 HandlerAdapter # handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)

总结

doDispatch 的主要流程就是 获取处理器 getHandler, 获取处理器适配器 getHandlerAdapter,执行处理器适配器的 handle 方法

其中,getHandlerInternal 因子类的不同,而有二类不同的行为,一类是 AbstractUrlHandlerMapping,另一类是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping

posted @ 2020-11-20 15:16  极客子羽  阅读(653)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报