SpringBoot整合Redis实现发布订阅功能实践
一、项目结构
我首先用 SpringBoot Initializer 创建一个简单的 Demo,然后在 Demo 上进行修改,这样更便捷。项目结构如下图所示:
项目结构也很简单
- PrintMessageListener 负责处理订阅消息,我仅仅是打印了收到的Redis信息;
- AdminController 负责从浏览器输入url,实现动态订阅/取消订阅以及发布;
- RedisConfiguration 可能是最重要的,需要负责向 Spring容器注入以下 Bean:
- RedisTemplate :可以通过调用它的 convertAndSend(channel, Object message) 方法 发布消息;
- RedisMessageListenerContainer ,可以通过调用它的 addMessageListener(MessageListener listener, Topic topic) 方法 订阅消息;相反地,也可以调用它的 removeMessageListener(MessageListener listener, Topic topic) 方法 取消订阅消息;
- PubsubApplication 是 SpringBoot 的启动类;
- logback.xml 配置内容可以参考 这篇文章
PS:作为 Maven 项目,肯定还要有 pom.xml,图片中没有反映出来,所以我补充一下。
二、Maven 依赖
项目需要引入的依赖包括:
- spring-boot-starter-web:帮助我们启动一个Web服务器;
- spring-boot-starter-data-redis:帮助我们集成Redis;
- lombok:方便我们使用 @Slf4j/@Data 等,简化代码;
- slf4j-api:让我们能够使用 Logger,LoggerFactory 等类;
- logback-classic:让我们能够真正打印出日志。
完整的 pom.xml 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>pubsub</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>pubsub</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.32</slf4j.version>
<logback.version>1.2.6</logback.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
三、消息监听
我们收到发布的消息后,需要处理逻辑,这部分逻辑写在 PrintMessageListener 中:
package com.example.demo.pubsub.listener;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.Message;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
/**
* 功能描述:打印收到的Redis信息
*
* @author geekziyu
* @version 1.0.0
*/
@Slf4j
public class PrintMessageListener implements MessageListener {
private StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer;
public PrintMessageListener(StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer) {
this.stringRedisSerializer = stringRedisSerializer;
}
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, byte[] pattern) {
String channel = stringRedisSerializer.deserialize(message.getChannel());
String body = stringRedisSerializer.deserialize(message.getBody());
handleMessage(channel, body);
}
private void handleMessage(String channel, String body) {
log.info("消费Redis消息\n channel:{}\n body:{}", channel, body);
}
}
四、Redis配置
前面也说过了,我们要使用 spring-boot-starter-data-redis 中提供的API实现Redis发布和订阅消息,就需要用到 RedisTemplate 和 RedisMessageListenerContainer,现在就来把他们注入Spring容器:
package com.example.demo.pubsub.config;
import com.example.demo.pubsub.listener.PrintMessageListener;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
/**
* 功能描述:Redis 配置
*
* @author geekziyu
* @version 1.0.0
*/
@Configuration
public class RedisConfiguration {
@Bean
public RedisMessageListenerContainer redisMessageListenerContainer(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisMessageListenerContainer result = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
result.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return result;
}
@Bean("redisTemplate")
public RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
RedisTemplate<String, String> result = new RedisTemplate<>();
result.setConnectionFactory(factory);
result.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer());
result.setHashKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer());
result.setValueSerializer(stringRedisSerializer());
result.setHashValueSerializer(stringRedisSerializer());
return result;
}
@Bean
public PrintMessageListener printMessageListener() {
return new PrintMessageListener(stringRedisSerializer());
}
@Bean
public StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer() {
return new StringRedisSerializer();
}
}
需要注意的有以下几点:
第一、如果不调用 setConnectionFactory(RedisConnectionFactory),给 RedisMessageListenerContainer 设置连接工厂,在调用 addMessageListener 执行订阅时,会出现空指针异常,具体发生异常的位置如下图:
第二、如果不调用 RedisTemplate 的 setConnectionFactory 方法设置Redis连接工厂,会在启动时就发生异常,如下图所示:
// 说明 RedisConnectionFactory 对于 RedisTemplate 而言是必需的!
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: RedisConnectionFactory is required
at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:76)
at org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisAccessor.afterPropertiesSet(RedisAccessor.java:38)
at org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet(RedisTemplate.java:128)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1845)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1782)
五、通过HTTP请求订阅发布
我这里用 AdminController 来接受发布和订阅/取消订阅的请求,源代码如下:
package com.example.demo.pubsub.controller;
import com.example.demo.pubsub.listener.PrintMessageListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.ChannelTopic;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 功能描述:后台控制器
*
* @author geekziyu
* @version 1.0.0
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/admin")
public class AdminController {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
@Autowired
private RedisMessageListenerContainer container;
private Map<String, MessageListener> registeredListener = new HashMap<>();
@Autowired
private StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer;
@GetMapping("/pub")
public String publish(String channel, String body) {
redisTemplate.convertAndSend(channel, body);
return "ok";
}
@GetMapping("/sub")
public String subscribe(String channel) {
MessageListener listener = registeredListener.computeIfAbsent(channel, ch -> new PrintMessageListener(stringRedisSerializer));
container.addMessageListener(listener, new ChannelTopic(channel));
return "ok";
}
@GetMapping("/unsub")
public String unsubscribe(String channel) {
MessageListener messageListener = registeredListener.get(channel);
if (messageListener != null) {
container.removeMessageListener(messageListener, new ChannelTopic(channel));
}
return "ok";
}
}
六、打印日志
为了顺利的在控制台输出日志,你可能需要 logback.xml 的完整代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
</root>
</configuration>
小节
这样,我们就已经可以实现发布订阅了。
首先订阅一下:
http://localhost:8080/admin/sub?channel=dream
再发布一下:
http://localhost:8080/admin/pub?channel=dream&body=engineer
检查控制台,Redis消息消费成功:
需要注意,你的 application.properties 中Redis的连接默认为 localhost:6379
:
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379
你需要确保本地已经启动了Redis,且服务端口是6379。如果你不熟悉如何搭建Redis,那么你需要修改 Redis 连接到一个可用的 Redis 服务上去。