[可视化学习笔记]——02——折线图

一、读取execl数据画Double_Y_axis图

　　选择折线图背景样式种类

plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
######种类
print(plt.style.available) # 打印样式列表
['bmh', 'classic', 'dark_background', 'fast', 
'fivethirtyeight', 'ggplot', 'grayscale', 'seaborn-bright', 
'seaborn-colorblind', 'seaborn-dark-palette', 'seaborn-dark', 'seaborn-darkgrid',
 'seaborn-deep', 'seaborn-muted', 'seaborn-notebook', 'seaborn-paper', 
'seaborn-pastel', 'seaborn-poster', 'seaborn-talk', 'seaborn-ticks',
 'seaborn-white', 'seaborn-whitegrid', 'seaborn', 'Solarize_Light2', 
'tableau-colorblind10', '_classic_test']

　　具体类别样式可以看这篇回答  样式美化matplotlib.pyplot.style.use定制画布风格 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)  

　　

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


data_dir='/Users/zhongwangwei/Desktop'
data = pd.read_excel('/home/kwang/PY/keshihua/plot_doubleY/test.xlsx')
color = ("#51C1C8", "#E96279", "#44A2D6", "#536D84",
         "#51C1C8", "#E96279", "#44A2D6", "#536D84",
         "#51C1C8", "#E96279", "#44A2D6", "#536D84",
         "#51C1C8")
year = data.index.to_list()
year_color = dict(zip(year,color))          #元组转成字典
year_color
plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')            #这只是style里面的一个种类，还有其他类别
fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,4),dpi=200,facecolor='white',edgecolor='white')
ax.set_facecolor('white')

x = np.arange(0,len(data),1)
y = data['data01'].values

#绘制连接点的线
line = ax.plot(x,y,color='#333333',lw=1.,zorder=2)
#绘制不同散点图
scatter_out = ax.scatter(x,y,s=500,zorder=1,color='white',ec='grey',alpha=.7,lw=.5)
for i in data.index.to_list():
    scatter = ax.scatter(x[i],y[i],s=180,zorder=3,ec='k',lw=.4,color=year_color[i])
scatter_in = ax.scatter(x,y,s=30,zorder=3,color="#333333")

#定制化绘制(设置图表风格)
ax.grid(color='gray',lw=.5,alpha=.5) #设置网格
ax.tick_params(left=False,bottom=False,labelbottom=False,labelsize=10,colors='gray')#设置刻度
ax.set_ylim(bottom=-3,top=43)#设置轴范围
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 45, step=5)) #设置刻度标签
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(-.5, 8, step=.5))
#添加横线(修饰)
ax.axhline(y=0,color='#45627C',lw=3)
#添加数字标签
label_text = {"size":13,"color":"k",'weight':'semibold'}
for a,b in zip(x,y):
    ax.text(a, b+2.5, '%.0f' % b, ha='center', va= 'bottom',fontdict=label_text,color=year_color[a])
#设置轴脊(spine)
for spine in ['top','bottom','left','right']:
    ax.spines[spine].set_color("#FFFFFF") #设置颜色/set_visible()设置显示与否
#for i in data.index.to_list()[:3]:
#    axins.scatter(x[i],y[i],s=80,color=year_color[i],zorder=2)
'''    
#添加标题处小图
#添加小散点图：重点掌握   
axins = inset_axes(ax, width=.4, height=.4,loc='upper left',
                   bbox_to_anchor=(0.01, 0.22, 1, 1),
                   bbox_transform=ax.transAxes,
                   borderpad=0)
axins.set_ylim(bottom=8,top=35)
axins.set_xlim(left=-.5,right=2.5)
axins.plot(x[:3],y[:3],color='#333333',lw=1.,zorder=1)
for i in data.index.to_list()[:3]:
    axins.scatter(x[i],y[i],s=80,color=year_color[i],zorder=2)
axins.axis('off')
#绘制小横线：原理同上
line = inset_axes(ax,width=5.3, height=.4,loc='upper left',
                  bbox_to_anchor=(-0.015, 0.15, 1, 1),
                  bbox_transform=ax.transAxes,
                  borderpad=0)
line.plot([.1,.7],[.1,.1],color='#45627C',lw=2)
line.axis('off')
'''
#添加阴影效果
for i in data.index.to_list():
    ax.axvspan(i-.35, i+.35, facecolor='gray',alpha=.1,zorder=0)
    
#添加双y轴：使用Axes.twinx()方法绘制
second_plot = ax.twinx()
second_plot.set_ylim(bottom=-3,top=43)
second_plot.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 50, step=10))
second_plot.set_xticks(np.arange(-.5, 8, step=.5))
second_plot.tick_params(left=False,bottom=False,labelbottom=False,labelsize=10,colors='k')
second_plot.grid(color="none",zorder=0)
second_plot.set_axisbelow(True)
for spine in ['top','bottom','left','right']:
    second_plot.spines[spine].set_visible(False) #("#FFFFFF")

y2 = data['data02'].values
label_text = {"size":28,"color":"white",'weight':'light'}
for x,y2 in zip(np.arange(len(data)).tolist(),data['data02'].to_list()):
    second_plot.plot([x,x],[0,y2],lw=20,color=color[x],solid_capstyle='round')
    #绘制空心圆
    second_plot.scatter(x,0,s=150,c='white',zorder=3)
    second_plot.scatter(x,0,s=60,c=color[x],zorder=4)
    second_plot.scatter(x,0,s=15,c='white',zorder=5)
   
# 添加文本信息
label_font = {"size":15,'weight':'bold'}
for i,x,text in zip(data.index.to_list(),np.arange(0,len(data),1),data['year'].values):
    ax.text(x, -8,text ,ha='center', va= 'bottom',fontdict=label_font,color=year_color[i],zorder=2)
'''
ax.text(.39,1.2,'\nSecond Y Axes Plot Exercise',transform = ax.transAxes,
        ha='center', va='center',fontsize = 20,color='k',fontweight="bold")
ax.text(.02,1.04,'Use the Matplotlib axes.Axes.twinx()',
        transform = ax.transAxes,
        ha='left', va='center',fontsize = 9,color='#45627C')

ax.text(.91,.02,'\nVisualization by DataCharm',transform = ax.transAxes,
        ha='center', va='center',fontsize = 7,color='black')
'''
plt.savefig(r'/home/kwang/PY/keshihua/plot_doubleY/double_y_axis_plot.png',width=6,height=3,
            dpi=900,bbox_inches='tight',facecolor='white')
#ax.set_axisbelow(True)
plt.show()

　　后面的接下来再慢慢试。