SpringMVC单元测试-MockMvc
一 简介
MockMvc实现对Http请求的模拟,可以方便对Controller进行测试,使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境,而且提供验证的工具,使得请求的验证统一而且很方便。
二 常见使用方式
1 MockMvcBuilder构造MockMvc的构造器
2 MockMvcRequestBuilders创建请求request
3 mockMvc调用perform,执行一个request请求,调用controller的业务处理逻辑,返回ResultActions
4 可以通过ResultActions, MockMvcResultMatchers对结果进行验证
示例:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @TestExecutionListeners({ MockitoTestExecutionListener.class}) // 使用@MockBean, @SpyBean public abstract class AbstractBaseTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests { protected static final Logger LOG = LogUtils.get(); } public class MockMvcDemo extends AbstractBaseTest { private MockMvc mvc; @Before public void setUp() { mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new AccountController()).build(); } @Test public void test() throws Exception { // 构建请求 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/account/info") .contentType("text/html") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); // 发送请求,获取请求结果 ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(request); // 请求结果校验 perform.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()); MvcResult mvcResult = perform.andReturn(); MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse(); // 校验类:org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers } }
1 MockMvcBuilder
MockMvcBuilder是MockMvc的构造器,主要有两个实现:StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder。
① MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext context):集成Web环境方式,指定WebApplicationContext,将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc;
② MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(Object... controllers):独立测试方式,通过参数指定一组控制器,这样就不需要从上下文获取了,比如this.mockMvc =MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new AccountController()).build();
2 MockMvcRequestBuilders
MockMvcRequestBuilders用于构建请求,返回MockHttpServletRequestBuilder / MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder ,
MockMvcRequestBuilders常用API:
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):根据uri模板和uri变量值得到一个GET请求方式的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;如get(/user/{id}, 1L);
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder post(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):同get类似,但是是POST方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder put(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):同get类似,但是是PUT方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder delete(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) :同get类似,但是是DELETE方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder options(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):同get类似,但是是OPTIONS方法;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(HttpMethod httpMethod, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables): 提供自己的Http请求方法及uri模板和uri变量,如上API都是委托给这个API;
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder fileUpload(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables):提供文件上传方式的请求,得到MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder;
RequestBuilder asyncDispatch(final MvcResult mvcResult):创建一个从启动异步处理的请求的MvcResult进行异步分派的RequestBuilder;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder常用API:
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder header(String name, Object... values)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder headers(HttpHeaders httpHeaders):添加头信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contentType(MediaType mediaType):指定请求的contentType头信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(MediaType... mediaTypes)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(String... mediaTypes):指定请求的Accept头信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(byte[] content)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(String content):指定请求Body体内容;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder cookie(Cookie... cookies):指定请求的Cookie;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder locale(Locale locale):指定请求的Locale;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder characterEncoding(String encoding):指定请求字符编码;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestAttr(String name, Object value) :设置请求属性数据;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttrs(Map<string, object=""> sessionAttributes):设置请求session属性数据;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttrs(Map<string, object=""> flashAttributes):指定请求的flash信息,比如重定向后的属性信息;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder session(MockHttpSession session) :指定请求的Session;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder principal(Principal principal) :指定请求的Principal;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contextPath(String contextPath) :指定请求的上下文路径,必须以“/”开头,且不能以“/”结尾;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder pathInfo(String pathInfo) :请求的路径信息,必须以“/”开头;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder secure(boolean secure):请求是否使用安全通道;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder with(RequestPostProcessor postProcessor):请求的后处理器,用于自定义一些请求处理的扩展点;
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder继承自MockHttpServletRequestBuilder,又提供了如下API:
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(String name, byte[] content)/MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(MockMultipartFile file):指定要上传的文件;
示例:
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/account/info")
.contentType("text/html")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
3 ResultActions
MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)调用后返回ResultActions:
ResultActions.andExpect:添加执行完成后的断言。添加ResultMatcher验证规则,验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确;
ResultActions.andDo:添加一个结果处理器,比如此处使用.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())输出整个响应结果信息,可以在调试的时候使用;
ResultActions.andReturn:表示执行完成后返回相应的结果,用于自定义验证/下一步的异步处理;
4 ResultMatchers
ResultMatcher验证匹配执行完请求后的结果,只有一个match(MvcResult result)断言方法,如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常。
spring mvc测试框架提供了很多***ResultMatchers来满足测试需求,可以通过MockMvcResultMatchers查看内置ResultMatcher。(注意:***ResultMatchers不是ResultMatcher的实现子类)
HandlerResultMatchers handler():请求的Handler验证器,比如验证处理器类型/方法名;此处的Handler其实就是处理请求的控制器;
RequestResultMatchers request():得到RequestResultMatchers验证器;
ModelResultMatchers model():得到模型验证器;
ViewResultMatchers view():得到视图验证器;
FlashAttributeResultMatchers flash():得到Flash属性验证;
StatusResultMatchers status():得到响应状态验证器;
HeaderResultMatchers header():得到响应Header验证器;
CookieResultMatchers cookie():得到响应Cookie验证器;
ContentResultMatchers content():得到响应内容验证器;
JsonPathResultMatchers jsonPath(String expression, Object ... args)/ResultMatcher jsonPath(String expression, Matcher matcher):得到Json表达式验证器;
XpathResultMatchers xpath(String expression, Object... args)/XpathResultMatchers xpath(String expression, Map<string, string=""> namespaces, Object... args):得到Xpath表达式验证器;
ResultMatcher forwardedUrl(final String expectedUrl):验证处理完请求后转发的url(绝对匹配);
ResultMatcher forwardedUrlPattern(final String urlPattern):验证处理完请求后转发的url(Ant风格模式匹配,@since spring4);
ResultMatcher redirectedUrl(final String expectedUrl):验证处理完请求后重定向的url(绝对匹配);
ResultMatcher redirectedUrlPattern(final String expectedUrl):验证处理完请求后重定向的url(Ant风格模式匹配,@since spring4);
5 MvcResult
MvcResult为执行完控制器后得到的整个结果,并不仅仅是返回值,其包含了测试时需要的所有信息。
MockHttpServletRequest getRequest():得到执行的请求;
MockHttpServletResponse getResponse():得到执行后的响应;
Object getHandler():得到执行的处理器,一般就是控制器;
HandlerInterceptor[] getInterceptors():得到对处理器进行拦截的拦截器;
ModelAndView getModelAndView():得到执行后的ModelAndView;
Exception getResolvedException():得到HandlerExceptionResolver解析后的异常;
FlashMap getFlashMap():得到FlashMap;
Object getAsyncResult()/Object getAsyncResult(long timeout):得到异步执行的结果;
四 相关链接