map排序的第三个参数《转》
今天被同事问到一个问题,map中第三个参数的意思是什么,于是写了下面这个程序测试了一下。
- #include <map>
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
- typedef map<int,char> icMap;
- typedef map<int,char>::iterator It;
- class func
- {
- public:
- func(){};
- bool operator ()( const int i1, const int i2 )
- {
- return i1>i2;
- }
- };
- typedef map<int,char,func> icMapCmp;
- typedef map<int,char,func>::iterator It1;
- int main(void)
- {
- icMap m;
- m.insert(make_pair(1,'1'));
- m.insert(make_pair(3,'3'));
- m.insert(make_pair(2,'2'));
- for (It it = m.begin();it!=m.end();++it)
- {
- cout<<it->first<<"\t"<<it->second<<endl;
- }
- icMapCmp c;
- c.insert(make_pair(1,'1'));
- c.insert(make_pair(3,'3'));
- c.insert(make_pair(2,'2'));
- for (It1 it1 = c.begin();it1!=c.end();++it1)
- {
- cout<<it1->first<<"\t"<<it1->second<<endl;
- }
- return 0;
- }
第三个参数MSDN的解释如下:
Traits
The type that provides a function object that can compare two element values as sort keys to determine their relative order in the map. This argument is optional and the binary predicate less<Key> is the default value.
MSDN上说的已经很清楚了,缺省的是 std::less
看stl_map.h中看map的定义:
template <typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare = std::less<_Key>,
typename _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const _Key, _Tp> > >
class map
缺省的compare确实是std::less,std::less。在stl_function.h中std::less的实现如下:
- template <class _Tp>
- struct less : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool>
- {
- bool
- operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const
- { return __x < __y; }
- };
return __x < __y;原来如此。但是这仅仅是比较函数,比较了之后map又是如何处理的呢?好像还是没有找到根源。
那就继续追踪,map的构造函数:
map()
: _M_t(_Compare(), allocator_type()) { }
用_Compare()初始化了_M_t,那就继续追踪_M_t,追踪到了map内部的红黑树。
typedef _Rb_tree<key_type, value_type, _Select1st<value_type>,
key_compare, _Pair_alloc_type> _Rep_type;
/// @if maint The actual tree structure. @endif
_Rep_type _M_t;
最后到了insert_unique函数中:
- template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
- typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
- pair<typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
- _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator, bool>
- _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
- insert_unique(const _Val& __v)
- {
- _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
- _Link_type __y = _M_end();
- bool __comp = true;
- while (__x != 0)
- {
- __y = __x;
- __comp = _M_impl._M_key_compare(_KeyOfValue()(__v), _S_key(__x));
- __x = __comp ? _S_left(__x) : _S_right(__x);
- }
- iterator __j = iterator(__y);
- if (__comp)
- if (__j == begin())
- return pair<iterator,bool>(_M_insert(__x, __y, __v), true);
- else
- --__j;
- if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__j._M_node), _KeyOfValue()(__v)))
- return pair<iterator, bool>(_M_insert(__x, __y, __v), true);
- return pair<iterator, bool>(__j, false);
函数前面的返回值类型定义有点复杂,其实就是返回pair<iterator, bool>的pair,然后根据要插入的值__v来比较,如果是真,就往左边找,否则就往右边找。
- template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
- typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
- typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator
- _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
- _M_insert(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, const _Val& __v)
- {
- bool __insert_left = (__x != 0 || __p == _M_end()
- || _M_impl._M_key_compare(_KeyOfValue()(__v),
- _S_key(__p)));
- _Link_type __z = _M_create_node(__v);
- _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
- this->_M_impl._M_header);
- ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
- return iterator(__z);
- }
找到位置之后,创建节点,然后插入到二叉平衡树(也就是红黑树)中。
哈哈哈,_Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance找不到代码。居然在STLPort里面找到了下面的代码。
- template <class _Key, class _Value, class _KeyOfValue,
- class _Compare, class _Alloc> __iterator__
- _Rb_tree<_Key,_Value,_KeyOfValue,_Compare,_Alloc> ::_M_insert(_Rb_tree_node_base* __x_, _Rb_tree_node_base* __y_, const _Value& __v,
- _Rb_tree_node_base* __w_)
- {
- _Link_type __w = (_Link_type) __w_;
- _Link_type __x = (_Link_type) __x_;
- _Link_type __y = (_Link_type) __y_;
- _Link_type __z;
- if ( __y == this->_M_header._M_data ||
- ( __w == 0 && // If w != 0, the remainder fails to false
- ( __x != 0 || // If x != 0, the remainder succeeds to true
- _M_key_compare( _KeyOfValue()(__v), _S_key(__y) ) )
- )
- ) {
- __z = _M_create_node(__v);
- _S_left(__y) = __z; // also makes _M_leftmost() = __z
- // when __y == _M_header
- if (__y == this->_M_header._M_data) {
- _M_root() = __z;
- _M_rightmost() = __z;
- }
- else if (__y == _M_leftmost())
- _M_leftmost() = __z; // maintain _M_leftmost() pointing to min node
- }
- else {
- __z = _M_create_node(__v);
- _S_right(__y) = __z;
- if (__y == _M_rightmost())
- _M_rightmost() = __z; // maintain _M_rightmost() pointing to max node
- }
- _S_parent(__z) = __y;
- _S_left(__z) = 0;
- _S_right(__z) = 0;
- _Rb_global_inst::_Rebalance(__z, this->_M_header._M_data->_M_parent);
- ++_M_node_count;
- return iterator(__z);
- }