fabric入门
author： headsen chen
date： 2018-08-12 23:13:16
1，安装
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install fabric
2,指定密码的使用：
fab -p 123456 -H 192.168.10.10 -f f1.py w
#cat f1.py
#!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import run def w(): run('w')
确定：当指定的密码不正确的时候，会一直让你尝试输入密码
3，通过定义的密码文件来执行fab命令
[root@localhost mnt]# vim f2.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from fabric.api import * env.hosts = ['192.168.10.104','192.168.10.105','192.168.10.101'] env.port = '22' env.user = 'root' env.password = '123456' def a(): with cd('/tmp'): run('touch a{1..10}') run('ls /tmp') def b(): run('uptime') @task def go(): a() b()
[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f2.py go
[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'go' [192.168.10.104] run: touch a{1..10} [192.168.10.104] run: ls /tmp [192.168.10.104] out: a1 a10 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 yum.log [192.168.10.104] out: [192.168.10.104] run: uptime [192.168.10.104] out: 05:21:33 up 57 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 [192.168.10.104] out: [192.168.10.105] ... [192.168.10.101] ... Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.101... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.105... done.
4，指定秘钥对连接（将该密钥对的公钥放到对方的机器的 /root/.ssh/id_pub_rsa文件中去）
[root@localhost mnt]# cat bak-com.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from fabric.api import *
def w():
run("w")
[root@localhost mnt]# fab -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa -H 192.168.8.222 -f bak-com.py w [192.168.8.222] Executing task 'w' [192.168.8.222] run: w [192.168.8.222] out: 14:14:27 up 5 days, 4:07, 2 users, load average: 0.16, 0.15, 0.10 [192.168.8.222] out: USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT [192.168.8.222] out: root pts/0 192.168.20.29 14:01 8:51 0.28s 0.04s -bash [192.168.8.222] out: root pts/1 192.168.20.29 14:14 0.00s 0.01s 0.01s w [192.168.8.222] out: Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.8.222... done.
4，多个客户端的不同端口和不同密码的模板
[root@localhost mnt]# cat f4.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 from fabric.api import * from fabric.context_managers import * from fabric.contrib.console import * env.hosts=['root@192.168.10.104:22','root@192.168.10.105:22','root@192.168.10.101:22'] # -----> 这一步当都为root和22端口时可以简写为：env.hosts=['192.168.10.104','192.168.10.105','192.168.10.101'] env.user = 'root' env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.10.104:22':'123456', # ------->注意：这里的为固定格式，22端口指定不可少，否则报错 'root@192.168.10.105:22':'123456', 'root@192.168.10.101:22':'jack123', } def a(): with cd('/tmp'): run('touch a{1..10}') def b(): run('uptime') @task def c(): a() b()
5，利用fabric来传送本地文件到客户端上去
[root@localhost mnt]# vim f6.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 from fabric.api import * from fabric.context_managers import * from fabric.contrib.console import * env.hosts=['192.168.10.104','192.168.10.105','192.168.10.101'] env.user = 'root' env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.10.104:22':'123456', 'root@192.168.10.105:22':'123456', 'root@192.168.10.101:22':'jack123', } def a(): put('/tmp/jack123','/tmp/') # --------> 此时在客户端上生成 jack123的文件，如果要在客户度上改名：put('/tmp/jack123','/tmp/jack')
[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f6.py a
[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'a' [192.168.10.104] put: /tmp/jack123 -> /tmp/jack123 [192.168.10.105] Executing task 'a' [192.168.10.105] put: /tmp/jack123 -> /tmp/jack123 [192.168.10.101] Executing task 'a' [192.168.10.101] put: /tmp/jack123 -> /tmp/jack123 Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.101... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.105... done.
6，从客户端上拉取文件到本地
[root@localhost mnt]# cat f7.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 from fabric.api import * from fabric.context_managers import * from fabric.contrib.console import * env.host=['192.168.10.104'] env.user = 'root' env.password = 'jack123' def a(): get('/tmp/tom','/opt/')
[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f7.py a
[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'a' [192.168.10.104] download: /opt/tom <- /tmp/tom Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done.
7，task装饰器的作用
被标识的函数为fab可调用的，程序内的其他函数不可通过fab -f x.py go 调用，当整个程序内都没有@task时，则任何函数都可以被
fab命令调用
实例：
#!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * def lsfab(): with lcd('/mnt/'): local('ls') def host_name(): local('uptime') @task def go(): lsfab() host_name()
此时不可以通过：fab -f f1.py lsfab 此时不成功。当没有@task时，这样调用可以
8，run_once
标识的函数只会执行一次，只会在第一台主机执行，后面的主机不再执行其下的函数，不受多台主机影响。
实例：
[root@localhost mnt]# cat f3.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding:utf-8 from fabric.api import * env.hosts=['192.168.13.128','192.168.13.130'] env.user='root' env.password='123456' def a(): with cd('/tmp'): run('ls') def b(): run('uptime') @runs_once def c(): a() b()
[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f3.py c # 此时在13.130机器上就不执行了。
[root@192.168.13.128:10000] Executing task 'c' [root@192.168.13.128:10000] run: ls [root@192.168.13.128:10000] out: yum.log [root@192.168.13.128:10000] run: uptime [root@192.168.13.128:10000] out: 01:59:19 up 2:21, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.13.128:10000... done. [root@localhost mnt]#
9，fab的本地执行和远程执行
[root@localhost 7]# cat f2.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from fabric.api import * env.user='root' env.hosts=['192.168.13.128','192.168.13.129'] env.password='123456' @runs_once def local_task () : #本地任务函数 local("uname -a") def remote_task(): with cd ("/home") : # “with”的作用是让后面的表达式的语句继承当前状态，实现 run ("ls -1") # “cd /data/logs && Is -1"的效果
10，交互式fab使用方法（执行命令时输入参数）
[root@localhost 7]# cat f3.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from fabric.api import * env.user='root' env.hosts=['192.168.13.128','192.168.13.129'] env.password='123456' @runs_once #主机遍历过程中，只有第一台触发此函数 def input_raw(): return prompt("please input directory name:",default="/home") def worktask(dirname): run("ls -l "+dirname) @task #限定只有go函数对fab命令可见 def go(): getdirname = input_raw() worktask(getdirname)
[root@localhost mnt]# fab -f f8.py go
[192.168.10.104] Executing task 'go' please input directory name: [/home] /tmp [192.168.10.104] run: ls -l /tmp [192.168.10.104] out: total 12 [192.168.10.104] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 13 05:45 a1 ... [192.168.10.105] Executing task 'go' [192.168.10.105] run: ls -l /tmp [192.168.10.105] out: total 8 [192.168.10.105] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 13 05:45 a1 ... [192.168.10.105] out: Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.104... done. Disconnecting from 192.168.10.105... done.
