angular 4 和django 1.11.1 前后端交互 总结

首先 angular4 和django 1.11.1交互 有跨域问题 所以先关闭cors 和csrf验证

一.解决跨域问题 cors

github django-cors-headers

 

1)安装corsheaders

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pip install django-cors-headers

  

2)配置 settings.py    

D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\app\app\settings.py

搜索 INSTALLED_APPS   添加  corsheaders

'corsheaders',

3)搜索   MIDDLEWARE  添加 (顺序不能乱)

'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',

'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

 

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MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
   # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
 
]

 

 

4)同时添加 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES

PS: #注释掉的是csrf 验证

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MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
   # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

 

5)后续其它参数  

CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True

 

允许跨域的域名列表 现在表示所有都可以
CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = (
'*'
)

CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
'DELETE',
'GET',
'OPTIONS',
'PATCH',
'POST',
'PUT',
'VIEW',
)

CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
'XMLHttpRequest',
'X_FILENAME',
'accept-encoding',
'authorization',
'content-type',
'dnt',
'origin',
'user-agent',
'x-csrftoken',
'x-requested-with',
'Pragma',
)

二.关闭csrf 验证

找到settings.py 搜索 django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware 前面加# PyCharm快捷键  ctrl + /

这样就关闭了所有的csrf验证

参考路径: D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\app\app\settings.py

 

 

 

前端方面

 组件内代码    D:\wamp\angular4\xxx\src\app\register\register.component.ts

1)导入HttpClient 和HttpErrorResponse

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import {HttpClient, HttpErrorResponse} from '@angular/common/http'

2)提供http 

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constructor(private  http: HttpClient) { }

3)完成模板提交函数onSubmit(value){}

①value就是模板里表单的值 regForm.vaue 

②然后进行json序列化 JSON.stringify(value)

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const data =JSON.stringify(value); 

③发送给后端 django 这里就有跨域的问题 需要关闭django cors 和csrf 验证

const data =JSON.stringify(value);         定义的json数据
let url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/formgetdata';     发送的后台接口地址

this.http.post(url,data,{

responseType:'json'

}).subscribe()

④接收后台传递的json

只有JSON序列化的才能看到 JSON.stringify(data)

取得json的值的话 就是data.username  

也就是说先看到JSON.stringify(data) 有什么字段 才能用data.字段值获取到

 

 

.subscribe(

data => {

console.log('请求成功!'+ data )

let datalist = JSON.stringify(data);

console.log(data.username)

console.log(data.password)

console.log(data.message)

}

)

 

 

 

  

使用this.http.post(url,data,option) 发送post请求

顶部导入

import {HttpClient, HttpErrorResponse} from '@angular/common/http'

 

constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

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onsubmit(value){
   console.dir(value);
   console.dir(JSON.stringify(value));
 
   const data =JSON.stringify(value);
   this.http.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/formgetdata',data,{
     responseType:'text'
   }).subscribe(
     data =>{
       console.log('请求成功!')
 
     },
     (err : HttpErrorResponse) => {
       if(err.error instanceof Error){
         // 前端报错
         console.log("前端报错-错误信息:",err.error.message)
       }
       else {
         //后端错误
         console.log(`后端报错-响应码: ${err.status}, body was: ${err.error}`);
       }
 
   }
 
   );
 
 }

 

整体结构

 

 

 

 

组件内模板写法 D:\wamp\angular4\xxx\src\app\register\register.component.html

1)输入input 双向绑定 [(ngModel)]="名字"  名字就是name属性值

2)表单值 收集提交 form 绑定ngSubmit 

① 先定义表单名称 #regForm ="ngForm"

② 收集表单信息 regForm.value

③ 传递给组件 (ngSubmit)="onsubmit(regForm.value)" 组件内定义onsubmit函数

 

 

 

后端 django

准备工作 顶部导入

import json

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.http import HttpResponse

 

1.配置路由 urls.py     

参考路径:D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\app\app\urls.py 

找到   urlpatterns  配置   url(r'^formgetdata',view.formgetdata)

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urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$',view.hello),
    url(r'^formgetdata',view.formgetdata)
]

 

2.配置视图 view.py   

D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\app\app\view.py

这里需要实现的就是两个功能

1)接收angular4发送来的表单数据

查看数据是否接收到: request.body

接收表单数据:

datalist = request.body.decode('utf-8')

data = json.loads(datalist)

username = data['username']

password = data['password']

 

 参考资料

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29780060/trying-to-parse-request-body-from-post-in-django

 

2) 返回json数据给前端

res ={"username":username ,"password":password ,"message":"后台成功接收表单信息!后台请求成功"}

return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res),content_type="application/json")

 

 上面两点完整代码截图

 

实例代码参考

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#from django.http import  HttpResponse
import json
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
import simplejson
 
 
 
 
def hello(request):
    context = {}
    context['hello'] = 'Hello world! {{ hello }} 传值'
    return render(request,'hello.html',context)
 
def formgetdata(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
 
        print request.body
 
        dataunicode = request.body.decode('utf-8')
        data = json.loads(dataunicode)
        username =data['username']
        password =data['password']
        print data
        print username
 
 
        res={'username':username,"password":password,"message":"后台成功接收表单信息!后台请求成功"}
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res),content_type="application/json")
 
    else:
        return HttpResponse('请求失败')

  

 提示

 request.body 数据都在这里可以找到

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

转载自:https://www.cnblogs.com/xxx91hx/p/7966787.html

posted @ 2017-12-09 12:33  极光天际  阅读(2299)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报