介绍对称加密的另一个算法——PBE
除了DES,我们还知道有DESede(TripleDES,就是3DES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)等多种对称加密方式,其实现方式大同小异,这里介绍对称加密的另一个算法——PBE
PBE
PBE——Password-based encryption(基于密码加密)。其特点在于口令由用户自己掌管,不借助任何物理媒体;采用随机数(这里我们叫做盐)杂凑多重加密等方法保证数据的安全性。是一种简便的加密方式。
通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见 Java加密技术(一)
- import java.security.Key;
- import java.util.Random;
- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
- import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
- import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;
- /**
- * PBE安全编码组件
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public abstract class PBECoder extends Coder {
- /**
- * 支持以下任意一种算法
- *
- * <pre>
- * PBEWithMD5AndDES
- * PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES
- * PBEWithSHA1AndDESede
- * PBEWithSHA1AndRC2_40
- * </pre>
- */
- public static final String ALGORITHM = "PBEWITHMD5andDES";
- /**
- * 盐初始化
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] initSalt() throws Exception {
- byte[] salt = new byte[8];
- Random random = new Random();
- random.nextBytes(salt);
- return salt;
- }
- /**
- * 转换密钥<br>
- *
- * @param password
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static Key toKey(String password) throws Exception {
- PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray());
- SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
- return secretKey;
- }
- /**
- * 加密
- *
- * @param data
- * 数据
- * @param password
- * 密码
- * @param salt
- * 盐
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String password, byte[] salt)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = toKey(password);
- PBEParameterSpec paramSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, paramSpec);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 解密
- *
- * @param data
- * 数据
- * @param password
- * 密码
- * @param salt
- * 盐
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String password, byte[] salt)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = toKey(password);
- PBEParameterSpec paramSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, paramSpec);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- }
再给出一个测试类:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
- import org.junit.Test;
- /**
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public class PBECoderTest {
- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- String inputStr = "abc";
- System.err.println("原文: " + inputStr);
- byte[] input = inputStr.getBytes();
- String pwd = "efg";
- System.err.println("密码: " + pwd);
- byte[] salt = PBECoder.initSalt();
- byte[] data = PBECoder.encrypt(input, pwd, salt);
- System.err.println("加密后: " + PBECoder.encryptBASE64(data));
- byte[] output = PBECoder.decrypt(data, pwd, salt);
- String outputStr = new String(output);
- System.err.println("解密后: " + outputStr);
- assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
- }
- }
控制台输出:
- 原文: abc
- 密码: efg
- 加密后: iCZ0uRtaAhE=
- 解密后: abc
后续我们会介绍非对称加密算法,如RSA、DSA、DH、ECC等。