Kubernetes ---- Pod控制器之Deployment

 

Deployments

官方介绍:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/

一个Deployment控制器为Pods和ReplicaSets提供描述性的更新方式。

使用Deploy创建Pods,实际上Deployment控制器用来控制ReplicaSet控制器,然后ReplicaSet来进行控制Pod,是个三层的结构.

描述 Deployment 中的 desired state,并且 Deployment 控制器以受控速率更改实际状态,以达到期望状态。可以定义 Deployments 以创建新的 ReplicaSets ,或删除现有 Deployments ,并通过新的 Deployments 使用其所有资源。

deployment控制器常用于管理多个无状态应用。

下列内容纯属个人观点,等于把官方的一些内容翻译了一遍同时做了一遍.有问题可随时提出,感谢!

一.编写yaml文件创建ReplicatSet控制器,且同时创建Pod。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicatSet
metadata:
  name: rs-demo
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
  matchLabels:
    app: myapp
   release: canary
  template:
    metadata:
      name: rs-pod
     namespace: default
     labels:
      app: myapp
      release: canary
   spec:
     containers:
    - name: rs-container
      image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
      imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
      ports:
      - containerPort: 80
      livenessProbe:
       exec:
        command: ["/bin/sh","-c","ps aux| grep root"]
       initialDelaySeconds: 2
       periodSeconds: 3
      readinessProbe:
       tcpSocket:
        port: 80
      initialDelaySeconds: 2
          periodSeconds: 3

1. 命令行创建及验证

$ kubectl create -f rs-demo.yaml
$ kubectl get rs
  NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
  rs-demo 2 2 2 42m

# 此时查看是有两个副本Pod $ kubectl get pods   NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   pod
-demo   2/2    Running     9      20h   rs-demo-wklsw 1/1   Running     0      42m   rs-demo-hnfhw 1/1   Running     0      42m
# 将pod
-demo这个pod增加一个rs-demo控制器能匹配到的标签; $ kubectl label pod pod-demo release=canary
# 此时发现会减少一个rs
-demo开头的Pod,增加了pod-demo这个Pod(标签不要冲突,否则会出现如下情况); $ kubectl get pods   NAME       READY     STATUS     RESTARTS     AGE   pod-demo     2/2      Running     9         20h   rs-demo-wklsw  1/1      Running     0         42m

2.修改副本数目

$ kubectl edit -f rs-demo.yaml
....
replicas: 3
....
: wq
$ kubectl get pods 
NAME        READY     STATUS     RESTARTS    AGE
pod-demo      2/2      Running     10       20h
rs-demo-8l82h   1/1      Running     0       78s
rs-demo-hnfhw   1/1      Running     0       53m

3.滚动升级

# 手动修改镜像名称
$ kubectl edit -f rs-demo.yaml
....
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v2
....
: wq
# 此时发现rs的images已经有了改变
$ kubectl get rs -o wide
NAME   DESIRED CURRENT READY   AGE   CONTAINERS           IMAGES         SELECTOR
rs-demo   3     3   3       59m   myapp-container       ikubernetes/myapp:v2 app=myapp,release=canary

# 手动进行灰度升级:依次删除Pod,删除后rs再创建的Pod就会使用新镜像
$ kubectl delete pod pod-demo

二. 创建Deployment及创建Pod

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy-demo
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
  matchLabels:
    app: myapp
    release: canary
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
        release: canary
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp-container
        image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command: ["/bin/sh","-c","ps aux | grep root"]
          initialDelaySeconds: 2
          periodSeconds: 3
        readinessProbe:
          tcpSocket:
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 2
          periodSeconds: 3

1. 命令行创建及验证

$ kubectl get deploy
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE   AGE
deploy-demo   2/2     2       2      6m38s

# 在创建了一个deployment控制器的同时,还创建了一个replicaset的控制器,说明deployment为三层结构
$ kubectl get rs
NAME           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4   2       2     2    8m22s

$ kubectl get pods 
NAME                  READY   STATUS   RESTARTS   AGE
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-cgkks   1/1    Running     0     7m31s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-nz99x   1/1    Running     0     7m31s

2.动态增加副本数或减少副本数:

$ vim deploy-demo.yaml
....
replicas: 3 # 手动指定副本数量
....
$ kubectl apply -f deploy-demo.yaml

$ kubectl get pods
NAME               READY       STATUS   RESTARTS   AGE
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-cgkks  1/1         Running   0      13m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-jpvxs  1/1         Running   0      12s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-nz99x  1/1         Running   0      13m

使用打补丁方法:

kubectl patch (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME) -p PATCH [options]

$ kubectl patch deployment deploy-demo -p '{"spec":{"replicas":5}}'

3.动态更新

$ vim deploy-demo.yaml
....
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v2
....

# 跟踪pod的更新过程(内容如下)
$ kubectl get pods -w -l app=myapp

deploy-demo-854b57c687-j4xfv 0/1 Pending 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-j4xfv 0/1 Pending 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-j4xfv 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-j4xfv 0/1 Running 0 1s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-j4xfv 1/1 Running 0 5s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-jpvxs 1/1 Terminating 0 5m11s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-87g55 0/1 Pending 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-87g55 0/1 Pending 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-87g55 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-jpvxs 0/1 Terminating 0 5m12s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-jpvxs 0/1 Terminating 0 5m13s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-jpvxs 0/1 Terminating 0 5m13s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-87g55 0/1 Running 0 2s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-87g55 1/1 Running 0 4s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-cgkks 1/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-854b57c687-hw5zz 0/1 Pending 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-hw5zz 0/1 Pending 0 0s
deploy-demo-854b57c687-hw5zz 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-cgkks 0/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-854b57c687-hw5zz 0/1 Running 0 1s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-cgkks 0/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-cgkks 0/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-854b57c687-hw5zz 1/1 Running 0 5s
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-nz99x 1/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-nz99x 0/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-nz99x 0/1 Terminating 0 18m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4-nz99x 0/1 Terminating 0 18m

# 另开一终端
$ kubectl apply -f deploy-demo.yaml

# 查看rs控制器,发现多了一个rs,也就是第一个行的那个,第二行的rs也依旧存在,在等待用户随时回滚
$ kubectl get rs
NAME             DESIRED CURRENT READY  AGE
deploy-demo-854b57c687   3     3     3   27m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4    0     0     0   45m

4.回滚:

# 回滚deployment的容器
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment deploy-demo

# 会发现可用的pods又都到最初的rs上了
$ kubectl get rs
NAME             DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
deploy-demo-854b57c687   0     0    0   27m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4    3     3    3   45m

5.金丝雀模式发布:

  管理Deployment控制Pod的副本最大超出数及最大出现错误的Pod数:

$ kubectl expain deploy.spec.strategy.rollingUpdate
maxSurge    <string> : Pod副本可临时超过几个
...
maxUnavailable    <string>: Pod副本容错率
...

$ kubectl patch deployment deploy-demo -p '{"spec":{"strategy":{"rollingUpdate":{"maxSurget":1,"maxUnavailable":0}}}}'

# 经查,发现策略已经更改,默认都是25%(不够1个Pod的按1个Pod算)
$ kubectl describe deploy deploy-demo
....
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 0 max unavailable, 1 max surge
....


# 开始升级版本,在升级完第一个Pod后,deployment控制器将会暂停;
$ kubectl set image deployment deploy-demo myapp-container=ikubernetes/myapp:v3 && kubectl rollout pause deployment deploy-demo

# 此时查看会发现有6个Pod,因为我们定义了"maxSurget"的值为1,所以可以临时超出事先定义好的5个副本数(此时还处于暂停状态)
$ kubectl get pods 
NAME               READY   STATUS RESTARTS   AGE
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588-7srcs 1/1   Running   0     4m46s
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588-b567d 1/1   Running   0     4m53s
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588-c7p4v 1/1   Running   0     4m38s
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588-cn69j 1/1   Running   0     7m41s
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588-mr5k2 1/1   Running   0     4m35s

# 查看rs控制器,发现又多了一个,但只有一个Pod准备就绪;
$ kubectl get rs
NAME             DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588   1     1    1   15m
deploy-demo-854b57c687   5     5    5   79m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4    0     0    0   97m
# 监控升级过程
$ kubectl rollout status deployment deploy-demo 或 $ kubectl get pods -w

# 过了一段儿时间发现客户没有反馈问题的时候,则继续升级;
$ kubectl rollout resume deployment deploy-demo

# 此时再次查看rs控制器,发现新增的控制器上可用的Pod已经变为了5(说明所有Pod已经升级完成)
$ kubectl get rs 
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588 5 5 5 17m
deploy-demo-854b57c687 0 0 0 81m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4 0 0 0 99m

# 当发现问题时,可才用undo回滚策略,默认回滚至上一版本
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment deploy-demo

# 查看现在的版本,及之前的版本,现在的版本是10
$ kubectl rollout history deployment deploy-demo
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
8 <none>
9 <none>
10 <none>


# 回滚至第8版本.
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment deploy-demo --to-revision=8

# 发现此时所有Pod都在第一个rs上工作了
$ kubectl get rs 
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
deploy-demo-7fdb69d588 0 0 0 17m
deploy-demo-854b57c687 0 0 0 81m
deploy-demo-f5dfc4cf4 5 5 5 99m

 

posted @ 2020-06-11 16:08  k-free  阅读(422)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报