后台技术学习5
MVC
1、M:model模型,JavaBean 完成具体业务操作
2、V:view 视图jsp,展示数据
3、C:controller 控制器 Servlet 获取用户输入 调用模型
MVC三层架构
1、界面层(表示层/web层):接受用户参数,封装数据,调用业务逻辑层完成处理,转发jsp展示 SpringMVC框架
2、业务逻辑层:组合DAO层中简单方法,行程复杂的功能 Spring框架
3、数据访问层:CRUD操作,MyBaits框架
EL表达式
1、表达式语言,替换和简化jsp页面中的Java代码编写,${表达式}
2、忽略el表达式
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="true" %>
\${el表达式}
3、算术运算符、比较运算符、逻辑运算符、空运算符(empty)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>el1</title> </head> <body> <%-- EL表达式是一个表达式语言,替换和简化JSP页面中java代码的编写, ${表达式} 在page中 isELIgnore = "true" 以及 \${}都可以使el表达式失效 1、算术运算符 + - * /(div) %(mod) 2、比较运算符 > < >= <= == != 3、逻辑运算符 &&(and) ||(or) !(not) --%> <h3>算术运算符</h3> ${5 * 2}<br> ${3 + 4}<br> ${3 / 4}<br> ${3 div 4}<br> ${5 % 2}<br> ${7 mod 4}<br> <hr> <h3>比较运算符</h3> ${4 == 8}<br> ${3 != 0}<br> ${6 >= -9}<br> <hr> <h3>逻辑运算符</h3> ${5 < 6 && 8 > 9}<br> ${7 < 10 || 8 > 10}<br> <hr> <h3>empty运算符</h3> <% String s1 = ""; String s2 = null; String s3 = "abc"; request.setAttribute("s1",s1); session.setAttribute("s2",s2); pageContext.setAttribute("s3","s3"); %> ${empty s1}<br> ${empty s2}<br> ${empty s3}<br> </body> </html>
4、获取值
(1)、el表达式只能从域对象中获取值
获取方法①${域名.键名}:从指定域中获取指定键
②${键名}依次从最小的域中查找是否有该键对应的值,找到为止。
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>el2获取数据</title> </head> <body> <%-- 1、el表达式只能从域对象中获取 2、①${域名.键名}:从指定域中获取指定键 域名:pageScope pageContext requestScope request sessionScope session applicationScope application(ServletContext) ②${键名}一次从最小的域中查找是否有该键对应的值 --%> <% // 在域中存储数据 pageContext.setAttribute("name","张三"); request.setAttribute("age","30"); session.setAttribute("phone","89764"); application.setAttribute("id","890"); request.setAttribute("mmm","7688"); %> <h3>el获取数据</h3> ${pageScope.name}<br> ${requestScope.age}<br> ${sessionScope.phone}<br> ${applicationScope.id}<br> ${mmm} </body> </html>
(2)获取对象、List集合、Map集合的值
对象:${域名.键名.属性值}本质上会调用对象的getter方法
List集合:${域名.键名[index]}
Map集合:${域名.键名["key"]}或${域名.键名.key名}
<%@ page import="Bean.Student" %> <%@ page import="java.util.List" %> <%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %> <%@ page import="java.util.Map" %> <%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>对象、集合的获取</title> </head> <body> <%--获取对象、List集合、Map集合的值 对象:${域名.键名.属性值}本质上是调用对象的gettwe方法 List集合:${域名.键名[index]} Map集合:${域名.键名.key名称} ${域名.键名["key"]} --%> <% Student student = new Student(); student.setId(2000987); student.setName("李四"); student.setAge(29); student.setPhone("897424"); request.setAttribute("stu",student); List list = new ArrayList(); list.add("张三"); list.add("罗翔"); request.setAttribute("list",list); Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("sname","王五"); map.put("sex","男"); request.setAttribute("map",map); %> <h3>获取对象中的数据</h3> ${requestScope.stu.id}<br> ${stu.name}<br> ${stu.age}<br> ${stu.phone}<br> <hr> <h3>获取list集合中的数据</h3> ${list}<br> ${list[1]}<br> <h3>获取Map集合中的数据</h3> ${map.sname}<br> ${map["sex"]} </body> </html>
(3)、隐式对象
el表达式有11个隐式对象,pageContext:能够获取jsp其他8个内置对象
${pageContext.request.contextPath}动态获取虚拟目录,可以作页面的跳转,防止出错
JSTL
jstl是jsp标准标签库,用于简化和替换jsp页面上的Java代码,使用jstl需要导包,并且在jsp页面上导入
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
官网:
http://tomcat.apache.org/taglibs/standard/
常用标签有
1、if标签,相当于Java中的if标签
2、choose标签 相当于switch标签
3、foreach标签,相当于for
4、set标签,可以保存数据
具体用法如下:
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %> <%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <html> <head> <title>if标签</title> </head> <body> <c:if test="false"> <h2>mmmm</h2> </c:if> <% List list = new ArrayList(); list.add("zzz"); request.setAttribute("list",list); request.setAttribute("number",17); %> <c:if test="${not empty list}"> 遍历集合 </c:if> <br> <c:if test="${number % 2 != 0}"> ${number}是奇数 </c:if> </body> </html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <html> <head> <title>choosr标签</title> </head> <body> <% request.setAttribute("number",4); %> <c:choose> <c:when test="${number == 1}">周一</c:when> <c:when test="${number == 2}">周二</c:when> <c:when test="${number == 3}">周三</c:when> <c:when test="${number == 4}">周四</c:when> <c:when test="${number == 5}">周五</c:when> <c:when test="${number == 6}">周六</c:when> <c:when test="${number == 7}">周日</c:when> <c:otherwise>周八</c:otherwise> </c:choose> </body> </html>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %> <%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <html> <head> <title>foreach标签</title> </head> <body> <c:forEach begin="1" end="10" var="i" step="1"> ${i}<br> </c:forEach> <hr> <% List list = new ArrayList(); list.add("a"); list.add("b"); list.add("c"); request.setAttribute("list",list); %> <c:forEach var="i" items="${list}" varStatus="s"> ${s.index} ${s.count} ${i}<br> </c:forEach> </body> </html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <html> <head> <title>set标签</title> </head> <body> 保存之前:${requestScope.abc} <c:set var="abc" scope="request" value="hhh"></c:set> 保存之后:${requestScope.abc} </body> </html>