动词（verb）

动词的五种形式:

1) 动词原形: 即词典中词条所给出的动词形式。用于一般现在时和不定式。
They know us well. 他们很了解我们。
Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗?

2) 过去式：用于表示过去发生的动作或事情。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
You talked too much. 你讲得太多。

3) 过去分词: 用于被动语态和完成时态等。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
Two people were killed in the accident. 有两个人在事故中丧生。

4) 现在分词：由动词原形 + ing　构与，可用于各种进行时态。
They are leaning English. 他们正在学英语。

5) 第三人称单数形式：当句子的主语为单数时，句子中的谓语动词需要用第三人称单数，第三人称单数形式通常是在动词后加 s。
He likes teaching. 他喜欢教学。

不规则动词:

Infinitive不定式	Past Tense 过去式
abide	abode,abided
alight	alighted,alit
arise	arose
awake	awoke,awaked
be	were /was
bear	bore
beat	beat
become	became
befall	befell
beget	begot
begin	began
behold	beheld
bend	bent
bereave	bereaved,bereft
beseech	besought,beseeched
beset	beset
bespeak	bespoke
bespread	bespread
bestrew	bestrewed
bestride	bestrode
bet	bet,betted
betake	betook
bethink	bethought
bid	bade,bid
bide	bode,bided
bind	bound
bite	bit
bleed	bled
blend	blended,blent
bless	blessed,blest
blow	blew
break	broke
breed	bred
bring	brought
broadcast	broadcast,broadcasted
browbeat	browbeat
build	built
burn	burnt,burned
burst	burst
buy	bought
can	could
cast	cast
catch	caught
chide	chid,chided
choose	chose
cleave	cleaved,cleft,clove
cleave	clave
cling	clung
clothe	clothed,clad
come	came
cost	cost
creep	crept
crow	crowed,crew
cut	cut
dare	dared,durst
deal	dealt
die	died
dig	dug
dispread	dispread
do	did
draw	drew
dream	dreamed,dreamt
drink	drank
drive	drove
dwell	dwelt,dwelled
eat	ate
fall	fell
feed	fed
feel	felt
fight	fought
find	found
flee	fled
fling	flung
fly	flew
flee	fled
fly	flied
forbear	forbore
forbid	forbade,forbad
forecast	forecast,forecasted
fordo	fordid
forego	forewent
foreknow	foreknew
forerun	foreran
foresee	foresaw
foreshow	foreshowed
foretell	foretold
forget	forgot
forgive	forgave
forsake	forsook
forswear	forswore
freeze	froze
gainsay	gainsaid
get	got
gild	gilded,gilt
gird	girded,girt
give	gave
go	went
grave	graved
grind	ground
grow	grew
hamstring	hamstringed,hamstrung
hang	hung
hang	hanged
have	had
hear	heard
heave	heaved,hove
hew	hewed
hide	hid
hit	hit
hold	held
hurt	hurt
inlay	inlaid
keep	kept
kneel	knelt,kneeled
knit	knitted,knit
know	knew
lade	laded
lay	laid
lead	led
lean	leaned,leant
leap	leapt,leaped
learn	learnt,learned
leave	left
lend	lent
let	let
lie	lay
lie	lied
light	lit
light	lighted
lose	lost
make	made
may	might
mean	meant
meet	met
melt	melted
misdeal	misdealt
misgive	misgave
mislay	mislaid
mislead	misled
mistake	mistook
misunderstand	misunderstood
mow	mowed
must	must
ought	ought
outbid	outbade,outbid
outbreed	outbred
outdo	outdid
outeat	outate
outfight	outfought
outgo	outwent
outgrow	outgrew
outlay	outlaid
outride	outrode
outrun	outran
outsell	outsold
outshine	outshone
outshoot	outshot
outsit	outsat
outspend	outspent
outspread	outspread
outthrow	outthrew
outthrust	outthrust
outwear	outwore
overbear	overbore
overbid	overbid
overblow	overblew
overbuild	overbuilt
overbuy	overbought
overcast	overcast
overcome	overcame
overdo	overdid
overdraw	overdrew
overdrive	overdrove
overeat	overate
overfeed	overfed
overfly	overflew
overgrow	overgrew
overhang	overhung
overhear	overheard
overlade	overladed
overlay	overlaid
overleap	overleapt,overleaped
overlie	overlay
overpay	overpaid
override	overrode
overrun	overran
oversee	oversaw
oversell	oversold
overset	overset
oversew	oversewed
overshoot	overshot
oversleep	overslept
overspend	overspent
overspread	overspread
overtake	overtook
overthrow	overthrew
overwind	overwound
overwrite	overwrote
partake	partook
pay	paid
precast	precast
prechoose	prechose
prove	proved
put	put
quit	quitted,quit
read	read
reave	reaved,reft
rebuild	rebuilt
recast	recast
reeve	rove,reeved
relay	relaid
rend	rent
repay	repaid
reset	reset
retell	retold
rid	rid,ridded
ride	rode
ring	rang
rise	rose,risen
rive	riven
run	ran
saw	sawed
say	said
see	saw
seek	sought
sell	sold
send	sent
set	set
sew	sewed
shake	shook
shall	should
shave	shaved
shear	sheared
shed	shed
shine	shone,shined
shoe	shod,shoed
shoot	shot
show	showed
shred	shredded,shred
shrink	shrank,shrunk
shrive	shrove,shrived
shut	shut
sing	sang,sung
sink	sank,sunk
sit	sat
slay	slew
sleep	slept
slide	slid
sling	slung
slink	slunk
slit	slit
smell	smelt,smelled
smite	smote
sow	sowed
speak	spoke
speed	sped,speeded
spell	spelt,spelled
spend	spent
spill	spilt,spilled
spin	spun
spit	spat,spit
split	split
spoil	spoilt,spoiled
spread	spread
spring	sprang,sprung
stand	stood
stave	staved,stove
steal	stole
stick	stuck
sting	stung
stink	stank,stunk
strew	strewed
stride	strode
strike	struck
string	strung
strive	strove,strived
swear	swore
sweat	sweat,sweated
sweep	swept
swell	swelled
swim	swam
swing	swung
take	took
teach	taught
tear	tore
tell	told
think	thought
thrive	throve,thrived
throw	threw
thrust	thrust
tread	trod
unbend	unbent
unbind	unbound
unbuild	unbuilt
underbid	underbid
underbuy	underbought
undercut	undercut
underdo	underdid
underfeed	underfed
undergo	underwent
underlay	underlaid
underlet	underlet
underlie	underlay
underpay	underpaid
underrun	underran
undersell	undersold
underset	underset
undershoot	undershot
understand	understood
undertake	undertook
underwrite	underwrote
undo	undid
undraw	undrew
unfreeze	unfroze
ungird	ungirded,ungirt
unhang	unhung
unknit	unknitted,unknit
unlade	unladed
unlay	unlaid
unlearn	unlearnt,unlearned
unmake	unmade
unreeve	unrove,unreeved
unsay	unsaid
unset	unset
unsling	unslung
unspeak	unspoke
unstick	unstuck
unstring	unstrung
unswear	unswore
unteach	untaught
unthink	unthought
untread	untrod
unweave	unwove
unwind	unwound
upbuild	upbuilt
upcast	upcast
uphold	upheld
uppercut	uppercut
uprise	uprose
upset	upset
upsweep	upswept
upswing	upswung
wake	waked,woke
waylay	waylaid
wear	wore
weave	wove
wed	wedded,wed
weep	wept
weigh	weighed
wet	wetted,wet
will	would
win	won
wind	winded,wound
wit	wist
withdraw	withdrew
withhold	withheld
withstand	withstood
work	worked
work	wrought
wring	wrung
write	wrote

 

1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)

动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词

cost cost cost 花费

cut cut cut 割，切

hit hit hit 打

let let let 让

put put put 放下

read read read 读(读音是[red])

hurt hurt hurt 伤

2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)

beat beat beaten/ beat 打

3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)

come came come 来

become became become 变

run ran run 跑

4. A ---B ---B型

(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母"d"改为"t"构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

(3)其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想

catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

feel felt felt 觉得

find found found 发现

hang hanged hanged 绞死

show showed showed/ shown 展示

hang hung hung 挂

have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug/ digged dug/ digged 挖

5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)

(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

be was/ were been 是

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

give gave given 给

take took taken/ took 拿

hide hid hidden/ hid 隐藏

see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑

rise rose risen 升起

drive drove driven 驾驶

(2)过去式将-aw, -ow, -y变为-ew，过去分词在原形后加-n，其中"fly"的过去分词是将"y"改为"ow"再加"n"。

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

throw threw thrown 抛，扔

draw drew drawn 拉，绘画

fly flew flown 飞

(3)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词，其中"wear"的过去分词是将"e"改为"n"。

wear wore worn 穿

freeze froze frozen 冻结

steal stole stolen 偷

speak spoke spoken 说话

tread trod trodden/ trod 行走

break broke broken 破碎，折断

choose chose chosen 选择

weave wove/ weft woven/ weft 编织

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

get got gotten/ got得

forget forgot forgotten/ forgot忘记

(4)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母"i"分别为"a"(过去式)和"u"(过去分词)。

begin began begun 开始

drink drank drunk 饮

ring rang/ ringed rung/ ringed 按铃

sing sang/ sung sung 唱

swim swam swum 游泳

spin span/ spun spun 旋转

sink sank/ sunk sunk/ sunken 沉

spring sprang/ sprung sprung 跳跃

(5)其他不规则动词的变化。

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

6. 情态动词(无过去分词)

can could 能

may might 可以

must / 必须

shall should 应该

will would 将/会

不规则动词表

序号	动词原形或不定式	过去式	现在分词或动名词	第三人称 单数	注释	前缀	词根
1	bear	bore	bearing	bears	忍受，承担		bear
2	forbear	forbore	forbearing	forbears	克制，忍耐	for-	bear
3	overbear	overbore	overbearing	overbears	压服，征服	over-表示"在…之上，过度"	bear
4	bend	bent	bending	bends	弯曲，弯腰		bend
5	unbend	unbent	unbending	unbends	变直，伸直	un-表示"不"	bend
6	bid	bade， bid	bidding	bids	出价，恳求，邀请，力求，企图		bid
7	forbid	forbade， forbad	forbidding	forbids	禁止，阻碍	for-	bid
8	outbid	outbid	outbidding	outbids	出价高于(别人)	out-表示"超过"	bid
9	underbid	underbid	underbidding	underbids	出价较低	under-表示"在…之下，过低"	bid
10	bind	bound	binding	binds	约束，捆绑		bind
11	rebind	rebound	rebinding	rebinds	重新捆绑	re-表示"重复"	bind
12	unbind	unbound	unbinding	unbinds	解开，解放	un-表示"不"	bind
13	build	built	building	builds	建造，建立		build
14	rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilding	rebuilds	重建，恢复	re-表示"重复"	build
15	cast	cast	casting	casts	铸造，投掷，脱落		cast
16	broadcast	broadcast， broadcasted	broadcasting	broadcasts	广播	broad-	cast
17	forecast	forecast， forecasted	forecasting	forecasts	预报，预测	fore-表示"预先"	cast
18	miscast	miscast	miscasting	miscasts	指配不适当的角色	mis-表示"不，错误"	cast
19	overcast	overcast	overcasting	overcasts	使沮丧，包缝，遮蔽	over-表示"在…之上，过度"	cast
20	recast	recast	recasting	recasts	再铸，重塑，改正	re-表示"重复"	cast
21	come	came	coming	comes	来，成为，变得		come
22	become	became	becoming	becomes	变为，适合，发生	be-表示"遍及、使成为"	come
23	overcome	overcame	overcoming	overcomes	战胜，克服	over-表示"在…之上，过度"	come
24	deal	dealt	dealing	deals	处理，分配		deal
25	misdeal	misdealt	misdealing	misdeals	处理不当	mis-表示"不，错误"	deal
26	do	did	doing	does	做，干		do
27	outdo	outdid	outdoing	outdoes	胜过，优于	out-表示"超过"	do
28	overdo	overdid	overdoing	overdoes	做得过分，夸张	over-表示"在…之上，过度"	do
29	redo	redid	redoing	redoes	重做	re-表示"重复"	do
30	undo	undid	undoing	undoes	松开，撤销	un-表示"不"	do
31	draw	drew	drawing	draws	绘画，拉，吸引		draw
32	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawing	withdraws	撤退，退出	with-	draw
33	fall	fell	falling	falls	落下，下降		fall
34	befall	befell	befalling	befalls	发生，降临	be-表示"遍及、使成为"	fall
35	get	got	getting	gets	得到，到来，成为		get
36	beget	begot	begetting	begets	产生，引起	be-表示"遍及、使成为"	get
37	forget	forgot	forgetting	forgets	忘记，忽略	for-	get
38	give	gave	giving	gives	给予，赠送		give
39	forgive	forgave	forgiving	forgives	原谅，免除	for-	give
40	misgive	misgave	misgiving	misgives	疑虑，担忧	mis-表示"不，错误"	give

 

学习中。。。

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