搭建Cookie池

很多时候我们在对网站进行数据抓取的时候,可以抓取一部分页面或者接口,这部分可能没有设置登录限制。但是如果要抓取大规模数据的时候,没有登录进行爬取会出现一些弊端。对于一些设置登录限制的页面,无法爬取对于一些没有设置登录的页面或者接口,一旦IP访问频繁,会触发网站的反爬虫,相比较代理池通过改变IP地址来避免被网站封禁,但是现在的有的网站已经不封IP地址,开始封账号的反爬措施,如果做大规模爬虫怎么办呢,一个账号有可能被封,如果像代理池一样提供不同IP,我有多个账号轮流爬取是不是可以避免被封。所有就需要维护多个账号,这个时候就要用到cookies池了,通过获取每个账号模拟登录后的cookies信息,保存到数据库,定时检测cookies有效性。

1.相关工具

 安装Redis数据库,redis-py库,reuqests,selenium,Flask 库,还有Google Chrome浏览器 安装好ChromeDriver,购买要爬取的网站账号,比如我购买的微博小号(卖号网站随机百度,有些网站不固定容易404,最好买免验证码登录的) 这里我们搭建微博的Cookies池

2.cookies实现

 需要下图几大模块

 

 存储模块负责存储每个账号的用户名,密码已经每个账号对应的Cookies信息,同时提供方法对数据的存储操作

 生成模块 负责获取登录之后的Cookies,这个模块要从数据库中取账号密码,再模拟登录目标页面,如果登陆成功,就获取Cookies保存到数据库

 检测模块负责定时检测数据库中的Cookies是否有效,使用Cookies请求链接,如果登录状态成功,则是有效的,否则失效并删除,接下来等待生产模块重新登录生成Cookies

 接口模块是通过Api提供对外服务的接口,Cookies越多越好,被检测到的概率越小,越不容易被封

接下来实现存储模块:存储部分有两部分:1.账号和密码 2.账号和Cookies 这两部分是一对一对应的,所以可以使用Redis的hash ,hash存储结构是key-value 也就是键值对的形式,和我们所需的是符合的,所以就有两组映射,账号密码 ,账号Cookies, key是账号

import random
import redis

# Redis数据库地址
REDIS_HOST = 'localhost'

# Redis端口
REDIS_PORT = 6379

# Redis密码,如无填None
REDIS_PASSWORD = None

class RedisClient(object):
    def __init__(self, type, website, host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT, password=REDIS_PASSWORD):
        """
        初始化Redis连接
        :param host: 地址
        :param port: 端口
        :param password: 密码
        """
        self.db = redis.StrictRedis(host=host, port=port, password=password, decode_responses=True)
        self.type = type
        self.website = website

    def name(self):
        """
        获取Hash的名称
        :return: Hash名称
        """
        return "{type}:{website}".format(type=self.type, website=self.website)

    def set(self, username, value):
        """
        设置键值对
        :param username: 用户名
        :param value: 密码或Cookies
        :return:
        """
        return self.db.hset(self.name(), username, value)

    def get(self, username):
        """
        根据键名获取键值
        :param username: 用户名
        :return:
        """
        return self.db.hget(self.name(), username)

    def delete(self, username):
        """
        根据键名删除键值对
        :param username: 用户名
        :return: 删除结果
        """
        return self.db.hdel(self.name(), username)

    def count(self):
        """
        获取数目
        :return: 数目
        """
        return self.db.hlen(self.name())

    def random(self):
        """
        随机得到键值,用于随机Cookies获取
        :return: 随机Cookies
        """
        return random.choice(self.db.hvals(self.name()))

    def usernames(self):
        """
        获取所有账户信息
        :return: 所有用户名
        """
        return self.db.hkeys(self.name())

    def all(self):
        """
        获取所有键值对
        :return: 用户名和密码或Cookies的映射表
        """
        return self.db.hgetall(self.name())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = RedisClient('accounts', 'weibo')
    result = conn.set('wert', 'ssdsdsf')
    print(result)

 

 

我们可以看见name()方法,返回值就是存储key-value 的hash名称 比如accounts:weibo 存储的就是账号和密码,通过这种方式可以把账号密码添加进数据库

生成模块的实现

要获取微博登录信息的Cookies,肯定要登录微博,但是微博这网站的登录接口需要填写验证码 或者手机号验证比较复杂,比较好的是微博登录站点有三个 1.https://weibo.cn  2.https://m.weibo.com

 3.https://weibo.com  我们选择第二个站点比较合适,类似于手机客户端的界面,而且登录的时候不需要验证码(前提购买免验证码账号才可以)登录界面是这样

 

import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import DesiredCapabilities

from cookiespool.db import RedisClient
from login.weibo.cookies import WeiboCookies

# 产生器使用的浏览器
BROWSER_TYPE = 'PhantomJS'

class CookiesGenerator(object):
    def __init__(self, website='default'):
        """
        父类, 初始化一些对象
        :param website: 名称
        :param browser: 浏览器, 若不使用浏览器则可设置为 None
        """
        self.website = website
        self.cookies_db = RedisClient('cookies', self.website)
        self.accounts_db = RedisClient('accounts', self.website)
        self.init_browser()

    def __del__(self):
        self.close()
    
    def init_browser(self):
        """
        通过browser参数初始化全局浏览器供模拟登录使用
        :return:
        """
        if BROWSER_TYPE == 'PhantomJS':
            caps = DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS
            caps[
                "phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36'
            self.browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=caps)
            self.browser.set_window_size(1400, 500)
        elif BROWSER_TYPE == 'Chrome':
            self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    
    def new_cookies(self, username, password):
        """
        新生成Cookies,子类需要重写
        :param username: 用户名
        :param password: 密码
        :return:
        """
        raise NotImplementedError
    
    def process_cookies(self, cookies):
        """
        处理Cookies
        :param cookies:
        :return:
        """
        dict = {}
        for cookie in cookies:
            dict[cookie['name']] = cookie['value']
        return dict
    
    def run(self):
        """
        运行, 得到所有账户, 然后顺次模拟登录
        :return:
        """
        accounts_usernames = self.accounts_db.usernames()
        cookies_usernames = self.cookies_db.usernames()
        
        for username in accounts_usernames:
            if not username in cookies_usernames:
                password = self.accounts_db.get(username)
                print('正在生成Cookies', '账号', username, '密码', password)
                result = self.new_cookies(username, password)
                # 成功获取
                if result.get('status') == 1:
                    cookies = self.process_cookies(result.get('content'))
                    print('成功获取到Cookies', cookies)
                    if self.cookies_db.set(username, json.dumps(cookies)):
                        print('成功保存Cookies')
                # 密码错误,移除账号
                elif result.get('status') == 2:
                    print(result.get('content'))
                    if self.accounts_db.delete(username):
                        print('成功删除账号')
                else:
                    print(result.get('content'))
        else:
            print('所有账号都已经成功获取Cookies')
    
    def close(self):
        """
        关闭
        :return:
        """
        try:
            print('Closing Browser')
            self.browser.close()
            del self.browser
        except TypeError:
            print('Browser not opened')


class WeiboCookiesGenerator(CookiesGenerator):
    def __init__(self, website='weibo'):
        """
        初始化操作
        :param website: 站点名称
        :param browser: 使用的浏览器
        """
        CookiesGenerator.__init__(self, website)
        self.website = website
    
    def new_cookies(self, username, password):
        """
        生成Cookies
        :param username: 用户名
        :param password: 密码
        :return: 用户名和Cookies
        """
        return WeiboCookies(username, password, self.browser).main()

 这部分是来判断是否登录成功

import time
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
#from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from os import listdir
from os.path import abspath, dirname

TEMPLATES_FOLDER = dirname(abspath(__file__)) + '/templates/'


class WeiboCookies():
    def __init__(self, username, password, browser):
        self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&r=https://m.weibo.cn/'
        self.browser = browser
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
    
    def open(self):
        """
        打开网页输入用户名密码并点击
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.delete_all_cookies()
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginName')))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginPassword')))
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))
        username.send_keys(self.username)
        password.send_keys(self.password)
        time.sleep(1)
        submit.click()
    
    def password_error(self):
        """
        判断是否密码错误
        :return:
        """
        try:
            return WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(
                EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.ID, 'errorMsg'), '用户名或密码错误'))
        except TimeoutException:
            return False
    
    def login_successfully(self):
        """
        判断是否登录成功
        :return:
        """
        try:
            return bool(
                WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'lite-iconf-profile'))))
        except TimeoutException:
            return False

def get_cookies(self):
        """
        获取Cookies
        :return:
        """
        return self.browser.get_cookies()
    
    def main(self):
        """
        破解入口
        :return:
        """
        self.open()
        if self.password_error():
            return {
                'status': 2,
                'content': '用户名或密码错误'
            }
        # 如果不需要验证码直接登录成功
        if self.login_successfully():
            cookies = self.get_cookies()
            return {
                'status': 1,
                'content': cookies
            }

 检测模块:获取到Cookies信息后还需要对Cookies的有效性进行检测,也就是通过登录返回的Response的状态码判断是否有效

 

import json
import requests
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
from cookiespool.db import *


class ValidTester(object):
    def __init__(self, website='default'):
        self.website = website
        self.cookies_db = RedisClient('cookies', self.website)
        self.accounts_db = RedisClient('accounts', self.website)
    
    def test(self, username, cookies):
        raise NotImplementedError
    
    def run(self):
        cookies_groups = self.cookies_db.all()
        for username, cookies in cookies_groups.items():
            self.test(username, cookies)


class WeiboValidTester(ValidTester):
    def __init__(self, website='weibo'):
        ValidTester.__init__(self, website)
    
    def test(self, username, cookies):
        print('正在测试Cookies', '用户名', username)
        try:
            cookies = json.loads(cookies)
        except TypeError:
            print('Cookies不合法', username)
            self.cookies_db.delete(username)
            print('删除Cookies', username)
            return
        try:
            test_url = TEST_URL_MAP[self.website]
            response = requests.get(test_url, cookies=cookies, timeout=5, allow_redirects=False)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                print('Cookies有效', username)
            else:
                print(response.status_code, response.headers)
                print('Cookies失效', username)
                self.cookies_db.delete(username)
                print('删除Cookies', username)
        except ConnectionError as e:
            print('发生异常', e.args)

 

 接口模块驱动其他几个模块的运行

import time
from multiprocessing import Process

from cookiespool.api import app
from cookiespool.generator import *
from cookiespool.tester import *

# 产生器类,如扩展其他站点,请在此配置
GENERATOR_MAP = {
'weibo': 'WeiboCookiesGenerator'
}

# 测试类,如扩展其他站点,请在此配置
TESTER_MAP = {
'weibo': 'WeiboValidTester'
}

TEST_URL_MAP = {
'weibo': 'https://m.weibo.cn/'
}

# 产生器和验证器循环周期
CYCLE = 120

# 产生器开关,模拟登录添加Cookies
GENERATOR_PROCESS = True
# 验证器开关,循环检测数据库中Cookies是否可用,不可用删除
VALID_PROCESS = True
# API接口服务
API_PROCESS = True

class Scheduler(object):
    @staticmethod
    def valid_cookie(cycle=CYCLE):
        while True:
            print('Cookies检测进程开始运行')
            try:
                for website, cls in TESTER_MAP.items():
                    tester = eval(cls + '(website="' + website + '")')
                    tester.run()
                    print('Cookies检测完成')
                    del tester
                    time.sleep(cycle)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e.args)
    
    @staticmethod
    def generate_cookie(cycle=CYCLE):
        while True:
            print('Cookies生成进程开始运行')
            try:
                for website, cls in GENERATOR_MAP.items():
                    generator = eval(cls + '(website="' + website + '")')
                    generator.run()
                    print('Cookies生成完成')
                    generator.close()
                    time.sleep(cycle)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e.args)
    
    @staticmethod
    def api():
        print('API接口开始运行')
        app.run(host=API_HOST, port=API_PORT)
    
    def run(self):
        if API_PROCESS:
            api_process = Process(target=Scheduler.api)
            api_process.start()
        
        if GENERATOR_PROCESS:
            generate_process = Process(target=Scheduler.generate_cookie)
            generate_process.start()
        
        if VALID_PROCESS:
            valid_process = Process(target=Scheduler.valid_cookie)
            valid_process.start()

 api接口

import json
from flask import Flask, g

from cookiespool.db import *

# API地址和端口
API_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
API_PORT = 5000

__all__ = ['app']

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return '<h2>Welcome to Cookie Pool System</h2>'


def get_conn():
    """
    获取
    :return:
    """
    for website in GENERATOR_MAP:
        print(website)
        if not hasattr(g, website):
            setattr(g, website + '_cookies', eval('RedisClient' + '("cookies", "' + website + '")'))
            setattr(g, website + '_accounts', eval('RedisClient' + '("accounts", "' + website + '")'))
    return g


@app.route('/<website>/random')
def random(website):
    """
    获取随机的Cookie, 访问地址如 /weibo/random
    :return: 随机Cookie
    """
    g = get_conn()
    cookies = getattr(g, website + '_cookies').random()
    return cookies


@app.route('/<website>/add/<username>/<password>')
def add(website, username, password):
    """
    添加用户, 访问地址如 /weibo/add/user/password
    :param website: 站点
    :param username: 用户名
    :param password: 密码
    :return: 
    """
    g = get_conn()
    print(username, password)
    getattr(g, website + '_accounts').set(username, password)
    return json.dumps({'status': '1'})


@app.route('/<website>/count')
def count(website):
    """
    获取Cookies总数
    """
    g = get_conn()
    count = getattr(g, website + '_cookies').count()
    return json.dumps({'status': '1', 'count': count})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0')

 运行效果如下

github:https://github.com/jzxsWZY/CookiesPool

posted @ 2019-06-25 19:07  橘子先生123  阅读(2563)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报