Linux 系统备份恢复工具 SYSTEM-RESCUE-CD 的使用
測试系统：linux-debian
备份系统 1、插入dd有systemrescuecd-x86-4.0.1.iso的系统备份恢复U盘； 2、开机按DEL进入BIOS，设置BOOT为USB-HDD启动。Save&Exit； 3、进入备份恢复系统界面： -------------------------------------------------------------------- | SYSTEM-RESCUE-CD 4.0.4 (www.sysresccd.org) -------------------------------------------------------------------- | 1) SystemRescueCd: default boot opetions | 2) SystemRescueCd: all files cached to memory (docache) | 3) SystemRescueCd: framebuffer console in high resolution | 4) SystemRescueCd: do not ask for keyboard, use US keymap | 5) Boot an exising Linux system installed on the disk | 6) SystemRescueCd: alternative kernel with default boot option | 7) SystemRescueCd: directly start the graphical environment | | A) Run system tools from floppy disk image... > | B) Standard 32bit kernel (rescue32) with more choice... > | C) Standard 64bit kernel (rescue64) with more choice... > | D) Alternative 32bit kernel (altker32) with more choice... > | E) Alternative 64bit kernel (altker64) with more choice... > | | *) Boot from first hard disk | *) Boot from second hard disk -------------------------------------------------------------------- 选择1），回车。(大概等待10分钟。视服务器而定) 4、查看系统分区：fdisk -l Model: ATA ST330621A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 30.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 1000MB 1000MB ext2 boot 2 1000MB 3000MB 2000MB linux-swap(v1) 3 3000MB 8000MB 5000MB ext3 4 8000MB 30.0GB 22.0GB ext3 Model: Generic Flash Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 8020MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 512B 8020MB 8020MB primary fat32 boot, lba 查看当前U盘文件夹及使用情况：df -h Filesystem Size Used Avall Use% Mounted on rootfs 498M 800K 497M 1% / udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev /dev/sdb1 7.5G 2.7G 4.9G 36% /livemnt/boot /dev/loop0 339M 339M 0 100% /livemnt/squashfs tmpfs 498M 800K 497M 1% /livemnt/memory none 498M 800K 497M 1% / tmpfs 512M 16K 512M 1% /livemnt/tftpmem none 512M 16K 512M 1% /tftpboot tmpfs 498M 636K 497M 1% /run udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev shm 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm cgroup_root 10M 0 10M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /tmp 5、 挂载U盘分区: mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/floppy 或直接在U盘文件夹中赋予一个文件夹读写权限: mount -o remount,rw /livemnt/boot/ 6、 创建镜像：partimage 进入备份恢复界面： ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Partition Image 0.6.9 |-------------------------------------------------------------------- | * Partition to save?restore | sda1 ext2fs 953.00 MiB | sda2 swap (v1) 1.86 GiB | sda3 ext3fs 5.00 GiB | sda5 ext3fs 25.16 GiB | sdb1 fat32 7.47 GiB | |-------------------------------------------------------------------- | * Image file to create/use | ___________________________________________________________ <*> |-------------------------------------------------------------------- | Action to be done: <Next (F5)> | (*) Save partition into a new image file | ( ) Restore partition from an image file <About> | ( ) Restore an MBR from the image file | <Exit (F6)> | [ ] Connect to server | IP/name of the server: ________________________ Port: 4025__ | [X] Encrypt data on the network with SSL --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] 选择要备份的区域： sda1 ext2fs 953.00 MiB [2] 填写要存储的备份文件名称： /livemnt/boot/ncweb_img/ncweb_sda1_boot.img <*> [3] 选择备份新镜像： (*) Save partition into a new image file [4] 按F5进入下一步： ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | save partition to image file |----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Compression level | ( ) None (very fast + very big file) | (*) Gzip (.gz: medium speed + small image file) | ( ) Bzip2 (.bz2: very slow + very smaill image file) | | Options If finished successfully: | [X] Check partition before saving (*) Wait | [X] Enter description ( ) Halt | [ ] Overwrite without prompt ( ) Reboot | ( ) Quit | Image splut mode ( ) Last | ( ) Automatic split (when no space left) | (*) Into files whose size is:........... 2037____MiB | [ ] Wait after each volume change | | <Contine (F5)> <Exit (F6)> <Main window (F7)> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- [5] 描写叙述镜像文件： ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Parition description |----------------------------------------------------------------------- | You can enter a description of the saved partition: | ________________________________________________________________ | | ------ | | OK | | ------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 如填写：ncweb sda1 boot 2.0GB image [6] 提示当前分区信息。点击OK： Ext3fs informations Spave usage:........................8% Used space:.........................2.17 GiB Free space:.........................23.00 GiB Bitmap size:........................3.15 MiB Label:.............................. Number of groups:...................202 First block:........................0 Ext3fs journalization:..............yes Sparse super block:.................yes Large files support:................yes File system revision:...............1 [7] 生成镜像： --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | save partition to image file |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Partition to save:.........../dev/sda5 | Size of the Partition:.......25.16 GiB = 27018657792 bytes | Current image file:........../livemnt/boot/ncweb_img/ncweb_sda1_boot.img000 | Image file size:.............238.13 MiB | Available space for image:...4.45 GiB = 4721212313 bytes | Detected file system:........ext3fs | Compression level:...........gzip | | Time elapsed:................3m:45sec | Estimated time remaining:....1m:23sec | Speed:.......................388.32 MiB/min | Data copied:.................1.75 GiB / 2.17 GiB | | _____________________________8%___________________________________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [8] 完毕,点击OK： Success Operation successfully finished: Time elapased: 5m:53sec Speed: 376.9 MiB/min Data copied: 2.17 GiB 7、导出分区表： [1] MBR类型 # sfdisk -d /dev/sda > /mnt/floppy/ncweb.fdisk [2] GPT等类型 # gdisk GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8 Type device filename, or press <Enter> to exit: /dev/sda Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present ***************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format! ***************************************************************** Command (? for help): [3]输入备份命令：b Command (?
for help): b Enter backup filename to save: [4]输入要备份的区域：//livemnt/boot/ncwww_img/ncwww.fdisk Enter backup filename to save: /livemnt/boot/ncwww_img/ncwww.fdisk The operation has completed successfully. [5]退出：q 恢复系统 1、导入分区表 [1] MBR类型： # sfdisk /dev/sda < /mnt/floppy/ncweb.fdisk [2] GPT等类型 #gdisk GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8 Type device filename, or press <Enter> to exit: /dev/sda Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present ***************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format! ***************************************************************** Command (? for help): [3] 输入恢复命令：r Command (?
for help): r Recovery/transformation command (? for help): [4] 输入子命令：l Recovery/transformation command (? for help): l Enter backup filename to load: [5] 输入要恢复的文件名称：/livemnt/boot/ncwww_img/ncwww.fdisk Enter backup filename to load: /livemnt/boot/ncwww_img/ncwww.fdisk Recovery/transformation command (? for help): [6] 输入写入的子命令：w Recovery/transformation command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! [7] 输入Y，确认进行恢复： Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda. The operation has completed suceesfully. 2、恢复分区: partimage 进入备份恢复界面： ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Partition Image 0.6.9 |-------------------------------------------------------------------- | * Partition to save?
restore | sda1 ext2fs 953.00 MiB | sda2 swap (v1) 1.86 GiB | sda3 ext3fs 5.00 GiB | sda5 ext3fs 25.16 GiB | sdb1 fat32 7.47 GiB | |-------------------------------------------------------------------- | * Image file to create/use | ___________________________________________________________ <*> |-------------------------------------------------------------------- | Action to be done: <Next (F5)> | ( ) Save partition into a new image file | (*) Restore partition from an image file <About> | ( ) Restore an MBR from the image file | <Exit (F6)> | [ ] Connect to server | IP/name of the server: ________________________ Port: 4025__ | [X] Encrypt data on the network with SSL ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] 选择要恢复的区域： sda1 ext2fs 953.00 MiB [2] 填写要恢复用的镜像文件名称： /livemnt/boot/ncweb_img/ncweb_sda1_boot.img <*> [3] 选择用镜像恢复： (*) Restore partition from an image file [4] 按F5,进入下一步。直接点击OK。 3、安装GRUB： 确认存在分区表和分区内容后，REBOOT，重新启动。 -------------------------------------------------------------------- | SYSTEM-RESCUE-CD 4.0.4 (www.sysresccd.org) -------------------------------------------------------------------- | 1) SystemRescueCd: default boot opetions | 2) SystemRescueCd: all files cached to memory (docache) | 3) SystemRescueCd: framebuffer console in high resolution | 4) SystemRescueCd: do not ask for keyboard, use US keymap | 5) Boot an exising Linux system installed on the disk | 6) SystemRescueCd: alternative kernel with default boot option | 7) SystemRescueCd: directly start the graphical environment | | A) Run system tools from floppy disk image... > | B) Standard 32bit kernel (rescue32) with more choice... > | C) Standard 64bit kernel (rescue64) with more choice... > | D) Alternative 32bit kernel (altker32) with more choice... > | E) Alternative 64bit kernel (altker64) with more choice... > | | *) Boot from first hard disk | *) Boot from second hard disk -------------------------------------------------------------------- 选择5），回车。
(大概等待10分钟，视服务器而定) 进入系统后，root登录终端： # grub-install /dev/sda 若提示error，按提示加入执行參数： # grub-install /dev/sda --force 完毕后。reboot。
拔出U盘。
gdisk其他功能，如创建分区[n]，删除分区[d]。改写分区类型[t] 等命令參数，请自行通过帮助命令?
。来了解。
