Oracle迁移:Linux->Windows

源环境：RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
目的环境：Windows 2003
需求：研发测试环境的Oracle数据库从Linux迁移到Windows，可以停机。

• 1.Windows安装同版本数据库软件
• 2.Windows使用oradim创建实例
• 3.Windows创建密码文件
• 4.Linux创建pfile，正常关闭数据库
• 5.Linux拷贝所有文件到Windows
• 6.Windows修改pfile，指定控制文件路径
• 7.Windows备份控制文件，重建控制文件(noresetlog)
• 8.Windows后续配置

1.Windows安装同版本数据库软件

首先在MOS上确定Oracle Database 11.2.0.4.0 已在 Microsoft Windows x64 (64-bit) 2003 上通过认证。 然后在MOS上下载11.2.0.4的安装介质 ``` p13390677_112040_MSWIN-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_MSWIN-x86-64_2of7.zip ```

注意：
本次安装时选择 "仅安装数据库软件" -> "单实例数据库安装"

2.Windows使用oradim创建实例

在Windows系统上，Oracle连接到实例需要此步骤， 本案例创建实例vas，sqlplus登录到vas实例的具体过程： ``` C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>oradim -NEW -SID vas 实例已创建。

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>set ORACLE_SID=vas

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>echo %ORACLE_SID%
vas

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期日 2月 14 12:38:48 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL>

关于oradim命令，具体参考官档：Database Administrator's Guide -> 2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database -> Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement部分的步骤5：
> Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance
> On the Windows platform, before you can connect to an instance, you must manually create it if it does not already exist. The ORADIM command creates an Oracle instance by creating a new Windows service.
> 
> To create an instance:
> 
> Enter the following command at a Windows command prompt:
> 
> oradim -NEW -SID sid -STARTMODE MANUAL -PFILE pfile
> where sid is the desired SID (for example mynewdb) and pfile is the full path to the text initialization parameter file. This command creates the instance but does not start it.

步骤14，修改为自动启动
> Step 14: (Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup
> You might want to configure the Oracle instance to start automatically when its host computer restarts. See your operating system documentation for instructions. For example, on Windows, use the following command to configure the database service to start the instance upon computer restart:
> 
> ORADIM -EDIT -SID sid -STARTMODE AUTO -SRVCSTART SYSTEM [-SPFILE]
> You must use the -SPFILE argument if you want the instance to read an SPFILE upon automatic restart.

我们还可以直接通过oradim -h看到oradim命令的说明帮助：

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>oradim -h
DIM-00002: 指定的命令无效。
输入以下命令之一:
通过指定以下选项创建实例:
-NEW -SID sid | -SRVC srvc | -ASMSID sid | -ASMSRVC srvc [-SYSPWD pass]
[-STARTMODE auto|manual] [-SRVCSTART system|demand] [-PFILE file | -SPFILE]
[-SHUTMODE normal|immediate|abort] [-TIMEOUT secs] [-RUNAS osusr/ospass]
通过指定以下选项编辑实例:
-EDIT -SID sid | -ASMSID sid [-SYSPWD pass]
[-STARTMODE auto|manual] [-SRVCSTART system|demand] [-PFILE file | -SPFILE]
[-SHUTMODE normal|immediate|abort] [-SHUTTYPE srvc|inst] [-RUNAS osusr/ospass]
通过指定以下选项删除实例:
-DELETE -SID sid | -ASMSID sid | -SRVC srvc | -ASMSRVC srvc
通过指定以下选项启动服务和实例:
-STARTUP -SID sid | -ASMSID sid [-SYSPWD pass]
[-STARTTYPE srvc|inst|srvc,inst] [-PFILE filename | -SPFILE]
通过指定以下选项关闭服务和实例:
-SHUTDOWN -SID sid | -ASMSID sid [-SYSPWD pass]
[-SHUTTYPE srvc|inst|srvc,inst] [-SHUTMODE normal|immediate|abort]
通过指定以下参数查询帮助: -? | -h | -help

oradim命令几个常用的参数：

--创建实例vas
oradim -NEW -SID vas

--删除实例vas
oradim -DELETE -SID vas

--编辑实例vas
oradim -EDIT -SID vas -STARTMODE auto -SRVCSTART system

<h1 id="3">3.Windows创建密码文件</h1>
Windows上Oracle的密码文件和Linux上Oracle的密码文件，默认规范路径有点区别。
Windows平台，Oracle密码文件在%ORACLE_HOME%/database/下；名称是PWD<sid>.ora；
Unix/Linux平台，Oracle密码文件在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下；名称一般是orapw<sid>；
类似的，Oracle参数文件的默认路径也是这种区别。

--创建密码文件
orapwd file=F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\PWDvas.ora password=oracle

<h1 id="4">4.Linux创建pfile，正常关闭数据库</h1>

--Linux创建pfile
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/pfile20160214.ora' from spfile;

File created.

--正常关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

<h1 id="5">5.Linux拷贝所有文件到Windows</h1>
使用FileZilla 工具拷贝：
二进制模式传输 所有控制文件、数据文件、重做日志文件、临时文件(可选)到Windows规划目录下。
ASCII模式传输pfile参数文件。

查询数据库所有控制文件、数据文件、重做日志文件、临时文件(可选)信息：

select name from v$controlfile union all
select name from v$datafile union all
select member from v$logfile union all
select name from v$tempfile;

<h1 id="6">6.Windows修改pfile，指定控制文件路径</h1>
Windows修改pfile，修改参数文件中的值，比如adump的路径等，尤其注意指定控制文件的路径。
修改的pfile文件全路径是：`%ORACLE_HOME%\database\pfilevas.ora`
然后，

--启动数据库到nomount状态
startup nomount pfile='%ORACLE_HOME%\database\pfilevas.ora'

--更改数据库到mount状态
alter database mount;

--根据pfile文件，创建spfile文件
create spfile='spfilevas.ora' from pfile='%ORACLE_HOME%\database\pfilevas.ora';

<h1 id="7">7.Windows备份控制文件，重建控制文件(noresetlog)</h1>
## 7.1 Windows备份控制文件 ##

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
--生成的跟踪文件默认路径为user_dump_dest参数指向的目录下。

## 7.2 选取noresetlog部分重建控制文件 ##

--选取noresetlog部分重建控制文件
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "VAS" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'/oradata/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c1cm3pwr_.log',
'/opt/app/oracle11/fast_recovery_area/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c1cm3rn6_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (
'/oradata/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c1cm5nfs_.log',
'/opt/app/oracle11/fast_recovery_area/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c1cm5p2b_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (
'/oradata/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c1cm7l3v_.log',
'/opt/app/oracle11/fast_recovery_area/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c1cm7mnh_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_system_c1cm0o2x_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c1cm0o5j_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c1cm0o7x_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_users_c1cm0obx_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_dcdl_c1cndg32_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnhxj3_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_icdl_c1cnj30n_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_cd_c1cnj8dk_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnjg2t_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_ne_c1cnjmdh_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_pe_c1cnjrjv_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_rn_c1cnjy27_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_wo_c1cnk3lg_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_cd_c1cnk999_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_cr_c1cnkhct_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_ne_c1cnknpc_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_pe_c1cnksy1_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_rn_c1cnkz2m_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_wo_c1cnl4ny_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_cssp_c5qdmmgl_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_ba_c5qdmtcz_.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_temp_c1cm9jph_.tmp' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.

## 7.3 正常关闭数据库 ##

SQL> shutdown immediate;

## 7.4 重建控制文件 ##
把7.2部分中的内容根据实际情况修改如下：

--选取noresetlog部分重建控制文件(修改过)
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "VAS" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'F:\oradata\VAS\onlinelog\o1_mf_1_c1cm3pwr_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (
'F:\oradata\VAS\onlinelog\o1_mf_2_c1cm5nfs_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (
'F:\oradata\VAS\onlinelog\o1_mf_3_c1cm7l3v_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_system_c1cm0o2x_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_sysaux_c1cm0o5j_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_undotbs1_c1cm0o7x_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_users_c1cm0obx_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_dcdl_c1cndg32_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnhxj3_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_icdl_c1cnj30n_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_cd_c1cnj8dk_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnjg2t_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_ne_c1cnjmdh_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_pe_c1cnjrjv_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_rn_c1cnjy27_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_wo_c1cnk3lg_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_cd_c1cnk999_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_cr_c1cnkhct_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_ne_c1cnknpc_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_pe_c1cnksy1_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_rn_c1cnkz2m_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_wo_c1cnl4ny_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_cssp_c5qdmmgl_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_ba_c5qdmtcz_.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_temp_c1cm9jph_.tmp' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.

至此已经在Windows上成功打开数据库。
<h1 id="8">8.Windows后续配置</h1>
## 8.1 监听配置 ##
在%ORACLE_HOME%/NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora加上以下内容 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = vas)
(ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = vas)
)
)

然后启动监听

lsnrctl start

## 8.2 环境变量 ##

ORACLE_SID=vas

## 8.3 Oracle服务自动启动 ##

oradim -EDIT -SID vas -STARTMODE auto -SRVCSTART system

## 8.4 数据文件关闭自动扩展(选做) ##
根据空间具体情况而定。

至此，此次oracle数据库从linux平台迁移到windows平台的迁移需求就全部完成了。