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英文文法学习笔记（2）动名词

2021-08-28 07:52  AlfredZhao  阅读(568)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报

本篇为第2篇笔记：动名词。
内容除了包含动名词之外，也会穿插一些不定式的知识点，需要结合一起学习理解。

一、经典例句

二、知识点回顾（对应例句编号）

三、例句中文翻译（参考）

一、经典例句

1.1 动名词的用法

1. Remembering others' names is difficult for me.
=> To remember others' names is difficult for me.
=> It is difficult for me to remember others' names.
=> Remembering other people's names is difficult for me.

2. Cooking in the open air is good fun.

3. The best exercise in winter is skiing.

4. One American tradition is eating turkey on Thanksgiving Day.

5. His hobby is fishing in the lake.

6. You have to give up traveling.

7. My father enjoys playing golf very much.

8. The old man kept standing all the while.

9. He got scolded for being late for school.
=> He got scolded for being late to school.

10. He left the room without saying a word.

11. I am looking forward to seeing you again.

12. I am used to getting up early.

13. He devoted his life to curing the sick in Africa.

14. He is given to lying.

15. He prefers skiing to skating.
=> He prefers to ski rather than skate.

16. He is accustomed to live alone.
=> He is accustomed to living alone.

17. I came(went) near to run over a cat.
=> I came(went) near to running over a cat.

18. He took the drink after the death of his son.
=> He took the drinking after the death of his son.

1.2 用不定词/动名词当受词

19. The police consented to detect the crime without delay.

20. He professed to know a lot about China.

21. Have you finished writing an answer to his letter?

22. Fortunately, he escaped getting hurt.

23. They ceased singing.
=> They ceased to sing.

24. I intend majoring in economics in college.
=> I intend to major in economics in college.

25. The boy tried to move the heavy sofa.

26. The boy tried moving the heavy sofa.

27. I remembered locking the door last night.

28. Remember to lock the door.

29. I'll never forget hearing her song.

30. I forgot to hear her song.

31. He stopped having breakfast.

32. He stopped to have a cup of coffee.

33. I regret not taking care of myself.

34. I regret to say that I can't help you.

1.3 动词意义上的主词

35. Philip dislikes Amy wearing a mini-skirt.
=> Philip dislikes Amy's wearing a mini-skirt.
=> Philip dislikes Amy's wearing mini-skirts.

36. I can't stand him shouting when he is angry.
=> I can't stand his shouting when he is angry.

37. I am confident of our team winning the tournament.
=> I am confident of our team's winning the tournament.

38. She is proud of her son being clever.
=> She is proud of her son's being clever.

1.4 动名词的否定形、被动态、完成形

39. I am ashamed of not knowing the answer.

40. John's not knowing their marriage made the matter more complicated.
=> John's not knowing of their marriage made the matter more complicated.

41. I don't like being made fun of.

42. The regulation saves the area from being demaged.

43. She isn't aware of having done wrong.
=> She isn't aware that she did wrong.

44. She is proud of being a teacher.
=> She is proud that she is a teacher.

45. He regrets not having studied harder in school.

1.5 含动名词的惯用表现

46. There is no telling what will happen next.

47. The is no accounting for tastes.
=> It is impossible to account for tastes.
=> We cannot account for tastes.

48. It is no use crying over spilled milk.

49. It is no use trying to persuade him.
=> It is no good trying to persuade him.
=> It is of no use trying to persuade him.
=> There is no use in trying to persuade him.
=> It is no use for you to try to persuade him.
=> It is useless for you to try to persuade him.

50. I feel like having a drink.
=> I feel like a drink.
=> I want to have a drink.
=> I would like to have a drink.
=> I'd like to have a drink.

51. I couldn't help laughing when I saw his haircut.
=> I couldn't but laugh when I saw his haircut.

52. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
=> No matter what is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

53. This book is worth reading.
=> It is worth while reading the book.
=> It is worth while to read the book.

54. It would be worth his while helping the foreigner.
=> It would be worth his while to help the foreigner.

55. On coming home, he switched on the television.
=> As soon as he came home, he switched on the television.

56. I slipped in getting off the train.
=> I slipped when I was getting off the train.
=> I slipped while I was getting off the train.

57. It goes without saying that our plans depend on the weather.
=> Needless to say, our plans depend on the weather.

58. What do you say to taking a walk by the sea?
=> How about taking a walk by the sea?

59. This watch needs repairing.

60. The child wants scolding.

61. He deserves helping.

62. This cloth does not stand washing.
=> This cloth does not bear washing.

二、知识点回顾（对应例句编号）

2.1 动名词的用法

1. 记住别人的名字 这件事 对我来说很难，所以用单数。
Ving / To V 都是视为单数。

5. 用不定词当补语，表——目的、计划、意愿、未完成的事。
用动名词当补语，表——经验、已知的事。

当及物动词的受词（6～8）
当介系词的受词（9～10）
to为介系词，后接动名词（11～15）
to之后用不定词和动名词皆可（16～18）

2.2 用不定词/动名词当受词

1）不定词当受词
	afford/agree/arrange/bother/chance/consent/decide/demand/fail/hope/long/prepare/pretend/profess/promise/strive/tend/trouble

2）动名词当受词
	admit/avoid/consider/delay/deny/enjoy/escape/finish/give up/imagine/keep/mind/miss/postpone/put off/resist/practice/suggest
	
3）下列动词，其受词为不定式或动名词，其意思不变
	start/begin/cease/continue/like/dislike/fear/hate/intend/attempt/love/neglect/omit/prefer/propose

4）下列动词，其受词为不定式或动名词，其意思改变
	try/remember/forget/stop/regret

2.3 动词意义上的主词

所有格 + 动名词 ｜ 受格 + 动名词
名词 + 动名词   ｜ 名词 + ‘s + 动名词 

本节直接看例句理解语法更容易，此外补充一些知识点：

早餐/午餐/晚餐
breakfast/lunch/dinner

Philip dislikes wearing mini-skirts.

like既可以是动词，也可以是介词
v. 喜欢    反义词  不喜欢 dislike
prep. 像   反义词  不像   unlike

狗是动物。
A dog is an animal.
Dogs are animals.

动词前面是主格；
动词后面是受格；
名词前面是所有格；

I love the girl.
The girl loves me.

自然就是美。
Nature is beauty.

2.4 动名词的否定形、被动态、完成形

否定形	not(never) + Ving
被动态	being + P.P
完成形	having + P.P

make fun of
be aware of

2.5 含动名词的惯用表现

I can't tell A from B.
我无法分辨A和B的差别。

+less 反义词
care -> careless
use -> useless

feel like
feel like + N 		感觉起来像.. 摸起来像.. 想要..
feel like + Ving	想要..
I feel like a drink.
I feel like having a drink.
I don't feel like it. 我不想。

Not at all 一点也不
at all 一点 

It is worth your while to read the book.
It is worth your while reading the book.
这本书值得你读。

As soon as 作为连接词，后面一共2个主词，2个动词

get off 
by bus, on a bus, get on a bus, get off a bus
by car, in a car, get in a car, get out a car
不需要弯腰进入的，上下交通工具通常为on/off
需要弯腰进入的，则为in/out

Needless to say, 独立不定词。

How 疑问副词
What 疑问代名词
What did you say? 你说了什么？
What do you say? 你意下如何？

You deserved it.
这是你应得的。

三、例句中文翻译（参考）

3.1 动名词的用法

  1. 记住别人的名字对我而言是困难的。

  2. 野炊很好玩。

  3. 冬天最好的运动是滑雪。

  4. 在感恩节当天吃火鸡肉是美国的一个传统。

  5. 他的爱好是在湖边钓鱼。

  6. 你必须放弃旅行。

  7. 我父亲很喜爱打高尔夫球。

  8. 那老人一直站着。

  9. 他因为上学迟到而挨骂。

  10. 他一句话都没说就离开房间。

  11. 我期待再次见到你。

  12. 我习惯早起。

  13. 他贡献了他的一生在非洲医治病患。

  14. 他爱说谎。

  15. 他喜欢滑雪较不喜欢滑冰。

  16. 他习惯独居。

  17. 我差一点撵到一只猫。

  18. 他在他儿子死后就沉溺于喝酒。

3.2 用不定词/动名词当受词

  1. 警察同意立刻调查该项罪行。

  2. 他假装说他对中国很熟悉。

  3. 你写好了给他的回信了吗？

  4. 幸运地，他没有受伤。

  5. 他们停止唱歌。

  6. 我想在大学里主修经济学。

  7. 这男孩设法搬动这张很重的沙发。

  8. 这男孩尝试要搬动这张很重的沙发。

  9. 我记得昨晚有锁上门。

  10. 记得锁门。

  11. 我将不会忘记听过她的歌。

  12. 我忘了听她的歌。

  13. 他停止吃早餐。

  14. 他停下来喝了杯咖啡。

  15. 我后悔没有注意自己的健康。

  16. 很抱歉（遗憾），我不能帮助你。

3.3 动词意义上的主词

  1. Philip不喜欢Amy穿迷你裙。

  2. 我无法忍受他在生气时大叫。

  3. 我有信心我们的队伍会赢得比赛。

  4. 她以她儿子的聪明才智为荣。

3.4 动名词的否定形、被动态、完成形

  1. 我不知道答案很丢脸。

  2. John不知道他们的婚事使得事情更加复杂。

  3. 我不喜欢被嘲弄。

  4. 这项规定使得那个地区免于被破坏。

  5. 她没觉察到她已经做错了。

  6. 她以身为老师为荣。

  7. 他后悔在学校时没有更用功读书。

3.5 含动名词的惯用表现

  1. 我们无法知道下次将发生什么事。

  2. 人的好恶是无法解释的。

  3. 覆水难收。

  4. 你想说服他是没用的。

  5. 我想要喝一杯。

  6. 当我看到他的发型时，我忍不住笑了。

  7. 只要有一点值得做的事情就值得好好做。

  8. 这本书值得读。

  9. 他帮助那外国人是值得的。

  10. 他一回到家就打开电视。

  11. 当我下火车时，滑了一跤。

  12. 不用说我们的计划取决于天气。

  13. 去海边散步如何？

  14. 这手表需要修理。

  15. 这孩子需要被骂。

  16. 他值得别人帮忙。

  17. 这块布禁不起洗。