[技术学习]正则表达式分析
jquery源码学习中,发现大量正则表达式的使用,因此在此对常用正则表达式进行分解,并举例他们的匹配规则
一、匹配常用的数字格式,包括正负整数小数以及可以计数法
core_pnum = /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/.source,// Used for matching numbers
1、[+-]? 表示第一位为+或-号,也可以没有
2、(?:\d*\.|) :使用?:表示分组不会被捕捉,有0到多个数字,一个小数点,|表示匹配空.,即匹配12.格式或者空
3、\d+ :表示1到多个数字
4、(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|) 表示分组不被捕捉,匹配e或者E,0-1个+-号,多个数字,表示匹配e+3格式或者空
可以进行匹配数字格式,由于以.source为标记,得到为备份字符串,可以与其他字符串组成完整的正则,进行使用,主要使用为:,举例说明:
var core_pnum = /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/.source,// Used for matching numbers rnumsplit = new RegExp( "^(" + core_pnum + ")(.*)$", "i" ),//^([+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|))(.*)$ rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + core_pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ),//^([+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|))(?!px)[a-z%]+$ rrelNum = new RegExp( "^([+-])=(" + core_pnum + ")", "i" ), rfxnum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + core_pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ),
var core_pnum = /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/.source,// Used for matching numbers ///^([+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|))(.*)$ //可以将数字与其他字符进行分离,例如:100px,分离为100和px rnumsplit = new RegExp( "^(" + core_pnum + ")(.*)$", "i" ), //^([+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|))(?!px)[a-z%]+$ //匹配非px结尾的字符 rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + core_pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ), ///^([+-])=([+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|))/i rrelNum = new RegExp( "^([+-])=(" + core_pnum + ")", "i" ), ///^(?:([+-])=|)([+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|))([a-z%]*)$/i rfxnum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + core_pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); var width='100px'; alert(width.match(rnumsplit));//['100px','100','px'] alert(width.match(rnumnonpx));//null var aa="+=100.12" alert(rrelNum.exec(aa));//['+=100.12','+','100.12']
var core_pnum = /^[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)$/;// var num1=1.0034e-18; alert(core_pnum.exec(num1))//1.0034e-18 var num2=43.12 alert(core_pnum.exec(num2))//43.12 var num3=43 alert(core_pnum.exec(num3))//43
二、非空字符,全局匹配
core_rnotwhite = /\S+/g,
使用环境为,进行字符串切割,将所有字符串按字符进行转化为数组:
var core_rnotwhite = /\S+/g, str='one two three'; alert(str.match(core_rnotwhite))//['one','two','three']
三、全局匹配左侧或者右侧空格
rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g
var rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g, aa=' aaa ' ; ; alert("1"+aa.replace(rtrim,'')+"1");//1aaa11
四、匹配html标签或者id选择器#xxx
rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]*))$/,
五、匹配单独的html标签
rsingleTag= /^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/,
六、匹配由],:{}以及任意字符组成的字符串,json常用字符串
rvalidchars = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/,
七、
rvalidbraces = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g,
rvalidescape = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[\da-fA-F]{4})/g,
rvalidtokens = /"[^"\\\r\n]*"|true|false|null|-?(?:\d+\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/g,
// Matches dashed string for camelizing
rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
rdashAlpha = /-([\da-z])/gi,