Android Handler机制(四)---Handler源码解析
Handler的主要用途有两个:(1)、在将来的某个时刻执行消息或一个runnable,(2)把消息发送到消息队列。
主要依靠post(Runnable)、postAtTime(Runnable, long)、postDelayed(Runnable, long)、sendEmptyMessage(int)、sendMessage(Message)、sendMessageAtTime(Message)、sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)这些方法来来完成消息调度。post方法是当到Runable对象到达就被插入到消息队列;sendMessage方法允许你把一个包含有信息的Message插入队列,而且它会Handler的handlerMessage(Message)方法中执行(该方法要求在Handler的子类中实现)。
1.构造方法
/** 默认的构造方法,handler是和当前线程的队列关联在一起,如果队列不存在,那么handler就不能接受消息。 * Default constructor associates this handler with the {@link Looper} for the * current thread. * 如果线程没有looper,就会抛出异常 * If this thread does not have a looper, this handler won't be able to receive messages * so an exception is thrown. */ public Handler() { this(null, false); } //传入一个callback接口用于处理handler传递的Message。 public Handler(Callback callback) { this(callback, false); } //给变量赋值 public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; } public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) { mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
方法都差不多,主要是完成了赋值的过程,还有几个没粘贴,但是都差不多。。。
2.变量
/* 设置这个标记为true来检测不是静态的匿名,本地或成员类继承Handler类。这些类型的类可以带来潜在的泄漏。在Handler的构造方法里面使用到了这个参数,目的就如上所述。 */ private static final boolean FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS = false; final MessageQueue mQueue; final Looper mLooper; final Callback mCallback; //回调接口 final boolean mAsynchronous; IMessenger mMessenger;
接着下面就是Callback接口:
/** * Callback interface you can use when instantiating(实例化) a Handler to avoid * having to implement(实现) your own subclass of Handler. * @param msg A {@link android.os.Message Message} object * @return True if no further handling is desired */ public interface Callback { public boolean handleMessage(Message msg); }
callback接口你可以在实例化的时候用,避免去实现你自己的handler子类
这个Callback接口里只有一个handleMessage方法返回boolean值,在后面Handler的ctor会用到,一般情况下都是null。这个接口的存在
没什么特殊的含义,只是为了让你不extends Handler就能处理消息而已(正如此方法的doc所说),类似Thread和Runnable接口的关系。
3.handleMessage
/** * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages. */ public void handleMessage(Message msg) { }
子类需要实现这个方法,因为这是个空方法。
4.dispatchMessage
/** * Handle system messages here. */ public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } } private static void handleCallback(Message message) { message.callback.run(); }
它的处理是如果message自身设置了callback,则
直接调用callback.run()方法,否则Callback接口的作用就显现了;如果我们传递了Callback接口的实现,即mCallback非空,则调用它处理
message,如果处理了,返回true,则直接返回,否则接着调用Handler自己的handleMessage方法,其默认实现是do nothing,如果你
是extends Handler,那么你应该在你的子类中为handleMessage提供自己的实现。
5.一系列obtainMessage
public final Message obtainMessage() { return Message.obtain(this); } public final Message obtainMessage(int what) { return Message.obtain(this, what); } public final Message obtainMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj) { return Message.obtain(this, what, arg1, arg2, obj); }
从上面可以看出来还是调用的Message的obtain方法,来构造message。
6.一系列postXXX方法:
/** * Causes the Runnable r to be added to the message queue. * The runnable will be run on the thread to which this handler is * attached. * * @param r The Runnable that will be executed. * * @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully placed in to the * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the * looper processing the message queue is exiting. */ public final boolean post(Runnable r) { return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0); } public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, long uptimeMillis) { return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r), uptimeMillis); } public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, Object token, long uptimeMillis) { return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r, token), uptimeMillis); } public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis) { return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis); } public final boolean postAtFrontOfQueue(Runnable r) { return sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(getPostMessage(r)); }
上面方法的作用就是:把Runnable发送到消息队列,执行的时候实行Runnable的run方法。。
下面看一系列sendXXX方法,和上边对应的。。。
//把消息入队 public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); } public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); } public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what) { return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
上面所有的postXXX,sendXXX方法最后都会调用这个方法:enqueueMessage
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }
最后调用queue的enqueueMessage方法把msg入队,对这个方法不了解的,可以看前边的MessageQueue源码解析。
SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),就是表示系统开机到当前的时间总数,如果有延迟,就加上延迟时间,分析到现在,我们也能发现,postDelayed不是延迟多少秒发送消息,这个消息是直接发送给队列的,不过在MessaegQueue中,消息按时间排放的,不到时间不会把它取出来,所以应该说延迟多少秒取出消息更合适。。
至于上边的getPostMessage(r)就是把r设置给callback。
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) { Message m = Message.obtain(); m.callback = r; return m; }
removeCallbacks:
调用MQ的removeMessages方法。就是移出messageQueue中所有满足条件的message,当然前提是消息还没取走。
/** * Remove any pending posts of Runnable r that are in the message queue. */ public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r) { mQueue.removeMessages(this, r, null); } /** * Remove any pending posts of Runnable <var>r</var> with Object * <var>token</var> that are in the message queue. If <var>token</var> is null, * all callbacks will be removed. */ public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r, Object token) { mQueue.removeMessages(this, r, token); }
分析结束,鼓励自己下。。哈哈哈。。。。
前三篇传送门: Looper源码解析: http://www.cnblogs.com/jycboy/p/5787443.html
MessageQueue源码解析: http://www.cnblogs.com/jycboy/p/5786682.html
Message源码解析:http://www.cnblogs.com/jycboy/p/5786551.html