Java输入/输出流体系
在用java的io流读写文件时,总是被它的各种流能得很混乱,有40多个类,理清啦,过一段时间又混乱啦,决定整理一下!以防再忘
Java输入/输出流体系
1.字节流和字符流
字节流:按字节读取。字符流:按字符读取。
字符流读取方便,字节流功能强大,当不能用字符流时,可以用字节流。
字节流基类:InputStream、OutputStream
InputStream方法:
OutputStream方法:
字符流基类:Reader、Writer
Reader方法:
Writer方法:
2.输入输出流体系
3.转换流
InputStreamReader:字节输入流->字符输入流的转换
OutputStreamWriter:字节输出流->字符输出流的转换
例如:字节输入流->字符输入流的转换
字节流使用不方便,而普通的Reader读取也不太方便,转换成BufferReader,利用BufferReader的readLine(),一次读取一行。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); String result = ""; String line = ""; while((line = reader.readLine())!= null){ result = result+ line; } System.out.println(result);
InputStream to String:
private static String changeInputeStream(InputStream inputStream,String encode) { //通常叫做内存流,写在内存中的 ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] data = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; String result = ""; if(inputStream != null){ try { while((len = inputStream.read(data))!=-1){ outputStream.write(data, 0, len); } //result是在服务器端设置的doPost函数中的 result = new String(outputStream.toByteArray(),encode); outputStream.flush(); outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } return result; }
InputStream->StringBuffer:
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); InputStreamReader reader =new InputStreamReader(request.getInputStream(),"utf-8"); char[] requestchar = new char[5]; if(reader != null){ System.out.println("默认编码:"+reader.getEncoding());//默认编码:UTF8 } //buffer reader.readLine() while((temp = reader.read(requestchar))!=-1){ buffer.append(requestchar, 0, temp); System.out.println(buffer.toString()); } String result = buffer.toString();
4.文件读写:
class Kaoshi {public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in); int score=0; //分数; StringBuffer answer=new StringBuffer();//存放用户答案,动态字符串; String result="ACDD"; //正确答案; try{ FileReader file=new FileReader("Test.txt"); //打开文件; BufferedReader intw=new BufferedReader(file); //缓冲流,按行读; String s=null; while((s=intw.readLine())!=null){ //判断不为空; if(!s.startsWith("*")){ System.out.println(s); } else{ System.out.println("请输入正确答案:"); String str=in.next(); char c= str.charAt(0);//收集答案; answer.append(c); } } }catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } for(int i=0;i<result.length();i++){ if(result.charAt(i)==answer.charAt(i)|| result.charAt(i)==answer.charAt(i)-32){ score+=25; } } System.out.println(score); } }